Suchergebnisse

This paper shows the long and prestigious intellectual tradition of anti-party arguments. Even before political parties emerged as unitary political actors, there were already well-developed arguments with which to express hostility towards them. The emphasis on unity and harmony in Western civilization moulded political thought. While this cultural framework was broken in the brief but extraordinarily powerful experience of the Medieval Italian Republican Cities, the acceptance of organized dissent failed to emerge. Instead, this experience left the vivid memory of the danger of factionalism. In eighteenth century France, both revolutionaries and counter-revolutionaries viewed parties as political maladies, and nineteenth century liberalism produced only a diffident defence of parties. At the end of the nineteenth century, hostility towards parties was nurtured in both Germany and France by elevating the ideals of the State and of the Nation. Italian and German fascists drew on and developed these philosophical antiparty traditions in the 1920s and 1930s. Since 1945, however, few anti-party parties have developed their own detailed or comprehensive philosophical critiques of parties; the Italian MSI is a notable exception. (European Journal of Political Research / FUB)

After the path-breaking research by J.G.A. Pocock and Q. Skinner, the history of republicanism has been intensively studied in recent years. In the case of Dante, C. Davis and P. Armour related the political philosophy of the Italian poet to the republican tradition. This article tries to identify the limits of republicanism in the hierarchical view of politics which Dante traced out. It is argued that Dante should rather be labeled as a platonist than a republican. His idealist method, his concept of a philosopher-king, his blending of ethics and politics, his approval of meritocratic leadership, his concept of liberty betray him as a follower of platonism, even though he himself did not know any of Plato's political dialogues. Contrary to the elitism of Plato and Aristotle, Dante's universalist concept of mankind sets him off as an original thinker.

1. Historical themes : Muslim-Jewish relations in the medieval Middle East and North Africa / Josef (Yousef) Meri -- 2. Historical themes : Muslim-Jewish relations in the modern Middle East and North Africa / Orit Bashkin and Daniel J. Schroeter -- 3. Scripture and exegesis : Torah and Qur'an in historical retrospective / Shari L. Lowin and Nevin Reda -- 4. Theology : the articulation of orthodoxy / Aaron W. Hughes -- 5. Medicine : the reception and practice of rationalist medicine and thought in medieval Jewish communities, east and west / Paulina B. Lewicka and Gad Freudenthal -- 6. Medieval literature : common themes and intersection / Arie Schippers -- 7. Modern literature : common themes and intersection / Masha Itzhaki and Sobhi Boustani -- 8. Law : Islamic and Jewish legal traditions / Judith Frishman and Umar Ryad -- 9. Philosophy : the intersection of Islamic and Jewish thought / Oliver Leaman -- 10. Education : reclaiming the sacred common ground of Jewish-Muslim experiences of education / Moshe Sokolow and Matthew L.N. Wilkinson -- 11. Mysticism : the quest for transcendence / Aaraon W. Hughes -- 12. Communities and identity : continuity and change / Ben Gidley and Nasar Meer -- 13. Constructive dialogue : a Muslim and Jewish perspective on dialogue between Islam and Judaism / Akbar Ahmed and Edward Kessler -- 14. Palestinian-Israeli conflict : a context in word and deed / Donna Robinson Divine -- 15. Muslim and Jewish women : historical and cultural contexts / Ibtissam Bouachrine and Judith L. Goldstein -- 16. Arab nationalism : Arabness, Arab Jews, and the Arab Spring / Youssef M. Choueiri -- 17. Jewish nationalism : on the (im)possibility of Muslim Jews / Yair Wallach -- 18. Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia : historical and contemporary connections and parallels / Ivan Kalmar and Tariq Ramadan -- 19. The Holocaust : narratives of complicity and victimhood / Peter Wien -- 20. The Nakba : the Palestinian catastrophe of 1948 / Alexander Flores -- 21. Cinema : Muslim-Jewish relations on screen / Dinah Assouline Stillman and Aomar Boum -- 22. Music : Muslim-Jewish sonic encounters / Edwin Seroussi -- 23. Art : art, aesthetics, and visual culture / Aaraon Rosen and Yasser Tabbaa -- 24. Food : Muslim and Jewish food and foodways / David Wained and Sami Zubaida.

Unlike the medieval city and the nineteenth-century metropolis, the operating logic of the current post-metropolis is based on an unparalleled increase in the mobility of people, goods, and capital. As opposed to the city (regional code of laws) - countryside (feudalism) division of the medieval period, and the production (colony and/or factory-suburb) - consumption division of the classical metropolis, the post-metropolis has exponentially multiplied the diversity and transversality of its main divisions. Consequently, the hegemonic political subject created by the new post-metropolitan condition no longer coincides with that of other previous models. This article reflects on the two main models of political subjects conceived by the two principle models of contemporary philosophy, based on an analysis of the new urban conditions in which these subjects develop: Negri's concept of multitude and the creative entrepreneur described by Sloterdijk. Although their conceptions and socio-political categories differ, both authors coincide in establishing a two-way productive relationship between the environment and the subject. ; A diferencia de la ciudad medieval y de la metrópolis decimonónica, la lógica de funcionamiento de las actuales postmetrópolis se basa en un incremento sin parangón de la movilidad de personas, mercancías y capitales. Frente a la división ciudad (fueros)-campo (feudalismo), propia del medioevo, y a la división producción (colonia y/o fábrica-suburbio)-consumo, característica de la metrópolis clásica, la postmetrópolis ha multiplicado exponencialmente la diversidad y transversalidad de sus principales divisiones. En consecuencia, el sujeto político hegemónico generado por la nueva condición postmetropolitana ya no coincide con los desarrollados anteriormente. Este artículo indaga en los dos principales modelos concebidos por la filosofía contemporánea a partir de un análisis de las nuevas condiciones urbanas en las que se desarrollan esos sujetos: el concepto de multitud de Negri y el de emprendedor creativo descrito por Sloterdijk. Aunque sus concepciones y categorías sociopolíticas difieren, ambos autores coinciden en establecer una relación productiva bidireccional entre el medio y el sujeto.

On the person of the state / Quentin Skinner -- The state as a social relation / Bob Jessop -- Was there any such thing as a non-modern state? / Greg Anderson -- Comparative perspectives and early states revisited / Rita P. Wright -- (Re)Introducing the state on the medieval Swahili coast / Chapurukha M. Kusimba -- Renaissance states of mind / Michael Martoccio -- Bringing the sarkar back in : translating patrimonialism and the state in early modern and early colonial India / Nicholas J. Abbott -- Revolutionary state formation : the origins of the strong American state / William J. Novak and Steven Pincus -- The founding of non-democratic states / Richard Bensel -- Empire as state : the Roman case / Clifford Ando -- Weights and measures and state formation : the view from the early American republic / Stephen Mihm -- Mapping power : the shape of the state in the post-Civil War American South / Greg P. Downs -- To bee or not to bee : the co-production of modern science and the modern state / John F.M. Clark -- Taxes and the two faces of the state since the eighteenth century / Yannis D. Kotsonis -- Regimes and repertoires of statebuilding : the two Chinas and regime consolidation in the early 1950s / Julia C. Strauss -- The Mesopotamian citizen conceptualized : affect, speech & perception / Seth Richardson -- Military mobilization and the experience of living with the Ming state / Michael Szonyi -- Ethnicity and Power in early modern Europe and Asia / Victor Lieberman -- Patriliny and modern states in the Middle East / Diane King -- Social service, convivialismo, and hegemony in Colombia / Rebecca Tally -- Idian affirmative action and the postcolonial state / Anupama Rao -- Conclusion : notes toward a global synthesis / John L. Brooke and Julia C. Strauss

Eminent critical evaluations on Machiavelli's thought discuss the Fortuna-Virtù pair. Even though such terms share well-known origins and traditions throughout Latin literary historiography, especially ancient and medieval receptions during civic humanism, their elusive features persist in Machiavelli´s arguments, enabling numerous academic debates. While the idea of Virtù maintain its ambivalence and ambiguity throughout these relevant and varied textual evidences, continual pursuits for clarification are made throughout the Florentine secretary's corpus, associating the term with other important and central concepts, e.g., desiderio, stato, forza. Political instabilities, forces beyond human control, unpredictability of civil actions are recurring themes in Machiavelli's conceptions of Fortune. In open dialogue with civic humanists who emphasize a crescent political and social participation, blending rational reflections, moral consideration, as well as discussions about different forms of regimes, this author exposes a historiographical conception, reinvigorating ancient traditions, in the creation of a civil order. This demands Virtù, a personal and public commitment in the exaltation of human potentialities and limits. Reinserting the relevance of a parity between Fortuna and Virtù in Machiavelli is a relevant step for avoiding anachronistic readings. Thus, the most significant examples of civic founders and maintainers of civic order are investigated, e.g., Romulo, Numa, Moses, Cesare Borgia, Castruccio Castracani. By studying the images of Fortune, in face of Machiavelli´s political and anthropological conceptions, the argumentative development of some main ideas of this famous political thinker sustains the centrality of the Virtù-Fortuna dyad.

The present article aims to sketch a parallel between two works of political philosophy: the unfinished pamphlet "From the Kingdom or Government of the Princes to the King of Cyprus" by St. Thomas Aquinas, and the well-known "The Prince" by Niccolo Machiavelli. The collation of texts allows direct approximations between two distant philosophical moments through the similar theme, through the philosophical treatment of the classical tradition, and through the subtlety of the argument that relates the common good to the private, in the political relations. The analysis is divided into two thematic parts: the definition of ruler, and the characteristics of his craft. In Thomas, the influence of Aristotelian politics is articulated with the way in which the private purpose of the ruler is established in a hierarchy of ends that justifies the government and is directed to the common good. In Machiavelli there is a different reception of ancient thought, connected with Roman rhetoric, and a hierarchy of ends, which is directed, similarly to the Tomasian, for the common good, but with a different treatment as to how public good relates to the private good of both the ruler and the people subjected to him. From this comparison we conclude that there is a need to establish the complexity of political philosophy in the passage from the middle ages to the renaissance that removes the idea of ​​a total rupture and allows us to understand how the modern age keep medieval elements and develops them much more than abandon them.

Recent research has pointed to the modern nature of the state that Islamists posit in contrast to medieval Islamic notions of political authority. This paper argues that a conceptual framework derived from romantic aesthetics underpinned the Islamist thought of Sayyid Qutb, who was for many years a secular literary writer. The aesthetic framework made possible the notion of human freedom and progress as the enactment of the general or collective will, which is the source of the state. Classical formulations of the general will in Rousseau, Kant, and Hegel are closely related to contemporaneous aesthetic notions of freedom as creative expression of interiority. Qutb participated in this line of thinking. The vitalist metaphysics and expressivist aesthetic theory of his literary period led him to later formulate an account of the general will that is embodied in Islamic law, the sharīʿa, which he identified with the state. He presented the Islamic state on this basis as resolving the fundamental contradiction of western modernity that romantic aesthetics had identified in the context of establishing the redemptive value of art. This contradiction, the disunity of the spiritual and the material, was equated by Qutb with the separation of church and state. Islamic law as the state is thus justified on aesthetic grounds as the reconciliation of humanity and nature now divided by Western materialism. Qutb's thought in the context of its aesthetic genesis provides valuable insight into the nature of modern notions of individual and collective will.

Beginning with a sustained analysis of Seneca's theory of monarchy in the treatise De clementia, in this 2007 text Peter Stacey traces the formative impact of ancient Roman political philosophy upon medieval and Renaissance thinking about princely government on the Italian peninsula from the time of Frederick II to the early modern period. Roman Monarchy and the Renaissance Prince offers a systematic reconstruction of the pre-humanist and humanist history of the genre of political reflection known as the mirror-for-princes tradition - a tradition which, as Stacey shows, is indebted to Seneca's speculum above all other classical accounts of the virtuous prince - and culminates with a comprehensive and controversial reading of the greatest work of renaissance political theory, Machiavelli's The Prince. Peter Stacey brings to light a story which has been lost from view in recent accounts of the Renaissance debt to classical antiquity, providing a radically revisionist account of the history of the Renaissance prince

Uncovers the relationship between early modern natural law ideas and secular conceptions of politicsProvides a fresh interpretation of the historical relationship between early modern developments in natural law theories and important features of modern political thought, including secularization and liberalismOffers a fresh, interdisciplinary reading of early Reformed Protestant natural law jurisprudence and political thoughtReframes the relationship of the Reformed Protestant tradition to both medieval and Enlightenment political thought and jurisprudence in a way that has a lasting impact on scholarly discourse in law, intellectual history, theology, and political scienceReforming the Law of Nature is a stimulating study of the development of natural law ideas in the early modern period, uncovering their connection to conceptions of the origins of politics. It brings sixteenth and seventeenth century jurisprudence, theology and political philosophy into conversation with one another to uncover the ways in which developments in political thought affected the emergence of a secular understanding of political life

This open access book is the culmination of many years of research on what happened to the bodies of executed criminals in the past. Focusing on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it looks at the consequences of the 1752 Murder Act. These criminal bodies had a crucial role in the history of medicine, and the history of crime, and great symbolic resonance in literature and popular culture. Starting with a consideration of the criminal corpse in the medieval and early modern periods, chapters go on to review the histories of criminal justice, of medical history and of gibbeting under the Murder Act, and ends with some discussion of the afterlives of the corpse, in literature, folklore and in contemporary medical ethics. Using sophisticated insights from cultural history, archaeology, literature, philosophy and ethics as well as medical and crime history, this book is a uniquely interdisciplinary take on a fascinating historical phenomenon.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Bill of Fare to the Feast: The Whats and Whys of Vegetarianism -- 1 The Human in Prehistory -- 2 Eastern Religions and Practice -- 3 Pythagoreanism -- 4 Greek Philosophy and Roman Imperium -- 5 Judaism and the Earlier Christian Heritage -- 6 Bogomils, Cathars, and the Later Medieval Mind -- 7 The Humanism of the Renaissance -- 8 The Cartesians and Their Adversaries in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries -- 9 Preaching without Practising: From Mandeville and Pope to Goldsmith and Wagner -- 10 Militant Advocates: From Oswald and Ritson to Shelley, Phillips, and Gompertz -- 11 The Victorians, the Edwardians, and the Founding of the Vegetarian Society -- 12 Vegetarians and Vegans in the Twentieth Century -- 13 Vegetarianism in North America -- Postscript Prospects -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

Introduction -- The transformation -- Charting a course -- The legacy of modernist crisis -- The threat of modernism -- The crisis within the church -- The legacy of modernism -- Jacques Maritain's search for wisdom (1882-1973) -- A relentless quest -- The destruction of the medieval synthesis -- A philosophy of nature -- Science and society -- A postscript on evolution -- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1955) and the operation of the divine in the universe -- The quest for the absolute -- The mature vision -- Cultural challenges -- The problem of being between religion and science -- Bernard Lonergan's (1904-1984) cognitive project -- Intellectual formation -- The role of Aquinas -- An integrated vision -- A critique of science and technology -- Thomas Merton's (1915-1968) contemplative critique -- How to understand Merton -- Technology invades the cloister -- A prophetic assessment of the techno-scientific culture -- Balance and the future of humanity -- The transformative century -- Boundary testing -- The winding path -- Progeny -- The path of critical openness -- Guideposts for the journey -- Concluding reflections

Distinction without a difference? Race and Genos in Plato /Rachana Kamtekar --Ethnos in the Politics : Aristotle and race /Julie K. Ward --Medieval Muslim philosophers on race /Paul-A. Hardy --Patriarchy and slavery in Hobbes's political philosophy /Tommy L. Lott --"Aninconsistency not to be excused" : on Locke and racism /William Uzgalis --Locke and the dispossession of the American Indian /Kathy Squadrito --Between primates and primitives : natural man as the missing link in Rousseau's Second discourse /Francis Moran III --Kant as an unfamiliar source of racism /Robert Bernasconi --"Thegreat play and fight of forces" : Nietzsche on race /Daniel W. Conway --Liberalism's limits : Carlyle and Mill on "The negro question" /David Theo Goldberg --Heidegger and the Jewish question : metaphysical racism in silence and word /Berel Lang --Sartre on American racism /Julien Murphy --Sartrean bad faith and antiblack racism /Lewis R. Gordon --Beauvoir and the problem of racism /Margaret A. Simons --Dewey's philosophical approach to racial prejudice /Gregory Fernando Pappas.