Suchergebnisse

Front Matter -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction: Privacy Issues in Research -- The Potential-and the Threat-of Genetic Information -- Can We-and Should We-Ensure Genetic Privacy? -- Handling Genetic Data in the Laboratory -- Institutional Safeguards -- What, If Anything, Should the Federal Government Do? -- APPENDIX A Program and Discussion Questions -- APPENDIX B Agenda -- APPENDIX C A Comment by Frederick R. Anderson -- APPENDIX D Participant Biographies.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Philosophical Foundations -- 1 Embryo Research Ethics -- 1.1 Research on Human Embryos -- 1.1.1 The 14-Day Rule -- 1.1.2 Expanding Research Beyond 14 Days -- 1.1.3 Doubts About the 14-Day Rule -- 1.2 Research on Synthetic Embryoid Beings -- References -- 2 The Ethics of Medical Research -- 2.1 Covid-19: Three Urgencies -- 2.2 Reasons and Motives -- 2.3 Beneficence, Truth, Communication -- 2.4 Conditional and Unconditional Imperatives -- 2.5 Idealistic Dedication -- 2.6 Religious Dedication -- References -- 3 Genopolitics: Biotechnology Norms and the Liberal International Order -- 3.1 The Age of Biotechnology -- 3.2 Bioethics and the Liberal Consensus -- 3.3 Along Came Dr. He -- 3.4 Hard Bioethics -- 3.5 Postscript: The Death of an Article of Faith -- References -- Part II Vulnerability -- 4 Persons and Groups: Protection of Research Participants with Vulnerabilities as a Process -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Transformations of the Concept of Vulnerability -- 4.3 Some Conceptual Considerations -- 4.4 Different Users, Different Stages, Different Information -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Centring the Human Subject: Catalyzing Change in Ethics and Dementia Research -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Background to Project -- 5.3 Problems of Exclusion and Tokenistic Gestures -- 5.3.1 Exclusionism in Human Subject Research -- 5.3.2 Tokenism in Patient and Public Involvement -- 5.4 Stigma and Tackling Unconscious Bias -- 5.4.1 Stigma -- 5.4.2 Unconscious Bias Manifested in Informed Consent Processes -- 5.4.3 Unconscious Bias Manifested in Assumptions About Vulnerability -- 5.4.4 Unconscious Bias Manifested as Epistemic Hierarchy -- 5.5 Adopting a Strength-Based Approach -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Genetics.

The ethics of medical care and biomedical research are rapidly becoming global. This volume gathers leading bioethicists to explore many new questions raised by the internationalization of medical care and biomedical research. Topics covered include, amongst others, the impact of globalization and the relation of religion to global bioethics.

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What are the moral challenges that confront doctors as they manage healthcare institutions? How do we build trust in medical organisations? How do we conceptualize moral action? Based on accounts given by senior doctors from organisations throughout the UK, this book discusses the issues medical leaders find most troubling and identifies the moral tensions they face. Moral Leadership in Medicine examines in detail how doctors protect patients' interests, implement morally controversial change, manage colleagues in difficulty and rebuild trust after serious medical harm. The book discusses how leaders develop moral narratives to make sense of these situations, how they behave while balancing conflicting moral goals and how they influence those around them to do the right thing in difficult circumstances. Based on empirical ethical analysis, this volume is essential reading for clinicians in leadership roles and students and academics in the fields of healthcare management, medical law and healthcare ethics

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Selected concepts of logic and philosophy -- 3 Science in historical perspective -- 4 Philosophy of science in historical perspective -- 5 Mathematical modelling -- 6 Measurement -- 7 Scientific explanation -- 8 Context of discovery -- 9 Context of justification -- 10 Uncertainty of technoscientific knowledge -- 11 Basic concepts of Western ethics -- 12 Western ethics in historical perspective -- 13 System of values associated with technoscience -- 14 Principles of moral decision-making -- 15 General issues of research ethics -- 16 Ethical aspects of experimentation -- 17 Ethical aspects of information processing -- 18 Legal protection of intellectual property -- 19 Ethical issues implied by information technologies -- 20 Concluding remarks -- Appendix 1 Milestones in history of science -- Appendix 2 Realistic instrumentalism -- References -- Index of names -- Index of terms.

We already entered the era of Unmanned Vehicles, drones, boats and more recently cars are going to be "driven" by software, sensors, cameras, radars and more are the senses of our vehicles. If the risk that a flying or floating drone can be hacked is concerning us as well as the temporary lack of specific legislation, what about the concerns related to ethical and moral aspects, not neglecting the legal ones, concerning autonomous road vehicles such as cars and buses ? Safety and security standards for such devices are not set actually, how will behave two cars, both from the same builder or not, in case of imminent collision? Of course, the cyber-driver is supposed to be perfect but the environment may introduce some bias, hence on the moral and ethical side how will the cyber-driver take decisions? As an additional concern, today even cars may be subject to cyber-attacks as it already happened to Jeep vehicles in the United States, if on one side the regular car service or re-call for update can be performed through the permanent car connection to the Internet, no more need to physically take the car back to the service (this might lead to unwanted outcomes), on the other side in case of cyber-attacks our car might behave in a unpredictable way. As a consequence, possibly before a mass diffusion of such vehicles, we must be aware about some aspects: the risk of cyber-attacks that may turn everyday commodities like cars into "weapons" and the "programmed" behaviour of cars in case of "risky" scenarios. Security standards and harmonised "behaviours" together with an appropriate legal framework will probably help.

Intro -- Dedication -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Perinatal HIV Prevention Trials -- 1.2 The SUPPORT Study -- 1.3 Hospital Quality Improvement Research -- 1.4 Henrietta Lacks -- 1.5 The Facebook Study -- 1.6 Overview of This Book -- Chapter 2: Historical Background -- 2.1 Research with Human Subjects Before World War II -- 2.2 Research with Human Subjects During World War II -- 2.3 Research with Human Subjects After World War II -- 2.4 The Belmont Report -- 2.5 The U.S. Federal Regulations -- 2.6 Continuing Scandals and Controversies -- 2.7 Concerns About Integrity in Biomedical Research -- 2.8 Jesse Gelsinger's Death -- 2.9 Concerns About Research on Human Biosamples -- 2.10 Conclusion: Human Research Regulations and Guidelines in Historical Context -- Chapter 3: Moral Theory -- 3.1 What Is a Moral Theory? -- 3.2 Moral Subjectivism and Relativism -- 3.3 Classifying Moral Theories -- 3.4 Divine Command Theory -- 3.5 Virtue Ethics -- 3.6 Natural Law Theory -- 3.7 Utilitarianism -- 3.8 Kantianism -- 3.9 Natural Rights Theories -- 3.10 Pluralistic Theories -- 3.11 Conclusion: Toward a Decision-Making Framework -- Chapter 4: Trust as a Foundation for Research with Human Subjects -- 4.1 What Is Trust? -- 4.2 Trust in Research Involving Research with Human Subjects -- 4.3 Trust as a Foundation for the Ethics of Research with Human Subjects: Some Alternative Views -- 4.4 Trust as a Foundation for the Ethics of Research with Human Subjects: My View -- 4.5 Promoting Trust in Research with Human Subjects -- 4.6 The Relationship Between Moral Principles and Research Regulations and Guidelines -- 4.7 The Role of Trust in Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in Research with Human Subjects -- 4.8 Objections to My View -- 4.9 Conclusion -- Chapter 5: Informed Consent -- 5.1 Trust and Informed Consent

This book explores central aspects of genetic modification of animals for scientific purposes in the context technological possibilities, regulatory issues in different regions, animal welfare implications and wider ethical issues exemplified through current theories and frameworks. This discussion of lab animals produced through modern biotechnologies becomes increasingly pressing as CRISPR-Cas9 technology advances rapidly, challenging legal and ethical frameworks all over the world. Such animals are now affordable and readily available to almost every branch of scientific research. This not only raises enormous potential for creating tailored' models for human diseases but also rubs up against the traditional guiding principles (the 3Rs) for the humane use of animals for scientific experiments and raises wider ethical issues around death, integrity and naturalness. In this book, expert authors from diverse backgrounds in laboratory animal care, animal research, technology and animal rights explore a range of topics, from the science behind biotech research animals and the regulation of their use, to utilitarian, animal rights, virtue ethics and ethics of care, and critical animalstudiers' perspectives on the use of these technologies. Whatever your background or role in animal research, this book will challenge and stimulate deeper consideration of the benefits, disadvantages and ethical consequences of the use of biotechnology in the animal laboratory.