Suchergebnisse

[EN] This study evaluates the technology and work systems used in order to harvest residual biomass from pruning in the specific conditions of Mediterranean fruit orchards (narrow distances between crop-rows). Harvesting has been divided into several types of operations pruning, biomass alignment between crop tracks, biomass concentration in piles, chipping and bundling - which have been analyzed in five Mediterranean cultivations for three years. Altogether, three types of pruning have been analyzed: Manual, previous mechanical followed by manual, and fully mechanical; Two types of alignment: Manual and mechanical; Three concentration systems: Manual, tractor with a rake and a forwarder; Four chipping work organization systems: chipper driven inside orchard and manually fed by operators, mobile chipper driven inside orchard with pick-up header, mobile chipper fed by means of mechanical crane, chipper mounted on a truck fed by means of mechanical crane, which was working in a fixed position in a border of the plot after wood concentration. Also two bundling organization systems were checked: bundler machine working in a fixed position after wood concentration and working inside the plot driven among the crops. Previous concentration of the materials was the best alternative for their chipping or bundling in the studied conditions. Regression models have been calculated to predict the time of work of machinery and labor for each alternative. These equations were used to implement logistic planning as the Borvemar model, which defines a logistics network for supplying bio-energy systems. ; The research shown in this paper was developed by the project AGL2007-62328 funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain, and FEDER funds of European Union. ; Velázquez Martí, B.; Fernández-González, E.; Callejón-Ferre, ÁJ.; Estornell Cremades, J. (2012). Mechanized methods for harvesting residual biomass from Mediterranean fruit tree cultivations. Scientia Agricola. 69(3):180-188. ...

[EN] A rule-based topology software system providing a highly flexible and fast procedure to enforce integrity in spatial relationships among datasets is presented. This improved topology rule system is built over the spatial extension Jaspa. Both projects are open source, freely available software developed by the corresponding author of this paper. Currently, there is no spatial DBMS that implements a rule-based topology engine (considering that the topology rules are designed and performed in the spatial backend). If the topology rules are applied in the frontend (as in many GIS desktop programs), ArcGIS is the most advanced solution. The system presented in this paper has several major advantages over the ArcGIS approach: it can be extended with new topology rules, it has a much wider set of rules, and it can mix feature attributes with topology rules as filters. In addition, the topology rule system can work with various DBMSs, including PostgreSQL, H2 or Oracle, and the logic is performed in the spatial backend. The proposed topology system allows users to check the complex spatial relationships among features (from one or several spatial layers) that require some complex cartographic datasets, such as the data specifications proposed by INSPIRE in Europe and the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) for Cadastral data ; This work has been partially supported by the research project "Creation and cartographic feeding of spatial data Infrastructures in the local government by means of a data model that integrates cadastre, planning and cultural heritage", CSO2008-04808 from the Spanish Government (CICYT) and the European Union Funds. ; Martínez Llario, JC.; Coll-Aliaga, E.; Nuñez-Andres, M.; Femenia-Ribera, C. (2017). Rule-based topology system for spatial databases to validate complex geographic datasets. Computers & Geosciences. 103:122-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.03.013 ; S ; 122 ; 132 ; 103

[ES] El patrimonio natural y cultural puede constituir un pilar para la dinamización socioeconómica de ciertos territorios, especialmente de la mano del sector turístico. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de los Fondos Estructurales y de Inversión Europeos (EIE), concretamente en el análisis del objetivo temático 6: Conservar y proteger el medio ambiente y promover la eficiencia de los recursos, Prioridad de Inversión c: la conservación, la protección, el fomento y el desarrollo del patrimonio natural y cultural del Fondo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). Así, se reflexiona en torno a las directrices y requerimientos de este objetivo para orientar las líneas de acción en base a la dinamización turística del patrimonio. ; Viñals Blasco, MJ.; Martinez-Sanchis, I.; Alonso-Monasterio Fernandez, P. (2017). El patrimonio como elemento dinamizador de la socioeconomia de las comunidades locales en el marco de las Políticas Europeas. Propuesta de acciones y actuaciones turísticas. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles. (73):543-549. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21138/bage.2424 ; S ; 543 ; 549 ; 73

In the 1890 s and early 1900s, the National Geographic Institute (IGN) of Spain carried out geodetic studies required to georeference the boundaries of every single municipality in Spain, survey the boundaries and mark them out. The field notes for these studies still exist and can still be referenced today. Nowadays, most of the landmarks that were located in these studies have disappeared; replacing these monuments could be of great interest to the local government, both administratively and economically. The indeterminacy or change of municipal boundaries can lead to tax collection and even supply problems. This paper studies the accuracy of those studies. Furthermore, a technical method for locating the lost monuments is shown; this method could also be used to map the monuments in a precise and reliable way. In this way, the problem of replacing boundaries is subsequently analysed. ; Garrido-Villén, N.; Berné Valero, JL.; Antón Merino, A.; Anquela Julián, AB. (2014). Jurisdictional boundaries in Spain, survey and marking of boundaries in Teruel (Spain). Survey Review. 46(336):205-212. doi:10.1179/1752270613Y.0000000071 ; S ; 205 ; 212 ; 46 ; 336 ; Berné J. L.et al. 2008. Catastro en España, Ed. UPV, Valencia. ; Capdevila i Subirana J. 2005. Treballs de la SCG, 60. ; Collier, P. (2009). International Boundary Surveys and Demarcation in the Late 19thand Early 20thCenturies. Survey Review, 41(311), 2-13. doi:10.1179/003962608x325457 ; Dale, P. F. (2006). Reflections on the Cadastre. Survey Review, 38(300), 491-498. doi:10.1179/sre.2006.38.300.491 ; Demir, O., Uzun, B., & Çete, M. (2008). Turkish cadastral system. Survey Review, 40(307), 54-66. doi:10.1179/003962608x253484 ; Dirección General del Catastro, www.catastro.meh.es/esp/normativa1.asp?lu = m6&im = m6i#menu1_3 (accessed 23 June 2010). ; Fábrega Golpe J.et al. 2007. Proyecto que desarrolla de la Metodología para la optimización de la base de datos de líneas límite del Instituto Geográfico Nacional ; National Geographical Institute of Spain ...

This article describes expert opinion and expert reports commonly requested by courts and lawyers in those technical disciplines related to real estate, within the framework of the current Spanish legislation. As established in Spanish Civil Code Article 348 ¿property means the right to possess, enjoy and dispose of anything of value with no limitations other than those established by law. In addition, the owner is entitled to claim property ownership as its holder and its possessor¿. This regulation has resulted in many litigation proceedings in Spain. Performance appraisal reports can be of aid to non-judicial experts and lawyers in relation to technical issues and can at times be decisive. ; Garrido-Villén, N.; Antón Merino, A.; Berné Valero, JL.; Femenia Ribera, C. (2013). Land surveyors as expert witnesses in real estate litigation matters in Spain (Izvedeniska Dejavnost na Podroèju Nepremiénin v Spaniji). Geodetski Vestnik. 57(1):66-84. doi:10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2013.01.066-084 ; S ; 66 ; 84 ; 57 ; 1

Uno de los objetivos buscados en el desarrollo de este artículo, es reflejar el estado de la Coordinación entre el Registro de la Propiedad y el Catastro a través de un breve repaso por la historia más reciente (a partir de principios del siglo XX) con la exposición de la legislación durante ese periodo y la legislación que actualmente rige. Destacando los últimos intentos legislativos, referentes a un identificador común entre las parcelas catastrales y las fincas registrales: la referencia catastral; y la inminente implantación de la cartografía catastral en los Registros de la Propiedad mediante el Proyecto GEOBASE. ; Berné Valero, JL.; Femenia Ribera, C. (2003). Gestión de la Propiedad: Coordinación Registro de la Propiedad y Catastro. Estudios Geográficos. LXIV(253):1-1. doi:10.3989/egeogr.2003.i253.199 ; S ; 1 ; 1 ; LXIV ; 253

[EN] BIM is the process of creating and managing information of a construction product in a three dimensional computer model that incorporates data of all its life cycle. The Member States of the European Union have been recommended to use the BIM methodology in public funded projects since April 2016 by the Directive 2014/24/EU. Particularly, the Spanish Government has approved in 2015 the transposition of this Directive where a Commission has been created, under the auspice of the Ministerio de Fomento, for the implementation of BIM methodology in Spain from 2018. This fact implies a transformation for the building sector which has important implications for those people responsible for higher education in Engineering and Architecture: the BIM competences of the new graduates have to be ensured because of the requirements of the Directive for future professionals. Universities, then, must meet that requirement because the responsibility of the design of the degrees in our country relies on them. Moreover, they have to do it efficiently in a context of the global crisis whose effects are specially affecting the building sector. In addition, a hostile environment is around: today's valuation of this methodology is still poor, although it will be soon become compulsory by the legal requirements. After analyzing the state of the art in the building sector, in the profession of building engineer, in the legal framework related to it, in similar experiences that have occurred in other countries and taking into account the basis of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), a strategy for the integration of BIM in the curriculum of the Degree in Building Engineering is proposed. ; [ES] BIM es el proceso de creación y gestión de la información de un producto de la construcción en un modelo informático tridimensional que incorpora datos relativos a todo su ciclo de vida. La Directiva2014/24/UE sobre Contratación Pública de la Unión Europea recomienda a los estados miembros el uso de la metodología BIM en los proyectos ...

[EN] To understand soil erosion processes, it is vital to know how the weather types and atmospheric situations, and their distribution throughout the year, affect the soil erosion rates. This will allow for the development of efficient land management practices to mitigate water-induced soil losses. Vineyards are one of the cultivated areas susceptible to high soil erosion rates. However, there is a lack of studies that link weather types and atmospheric conditions to soil erosion responses in viticultural areas. Thus, the main aim of this research is to assess the impacts of weather types and atmospheric conditions on soil erosion processes in a conventional vineyard with tillage in eastern Spain. To achieve this goal, rainfall events from 2006 to 2017 were monitored and the associated runoff and soil loss were collected from experimental plots. Our results showed that the highest volume of runoff and soil erosion is linked to rainfall associated with the eastern winds that accounted for 59.7% of runoff and 63.9% of soil loss, while cold drops in the atmospheric situation classifications emerged as the highest contributor of 40.9% in runoff and 44.1% in soil loss. This paper provides new insights into the development of soil erosion control measures that help to mitigate the negative impact of extreme rainfall and runoff considering atmospheric conditions. ; This research was funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant No. 603498 (RECARE Project). ; Rodrigo-Comino, J.; Senciales-González, JM.; Terol, E.; Mora Navarro, JG.; Gyasi-Agyei, Y.; Cerdà, A. (2020). Impacts of Weather Types on Soil Erosion Rates in Vineyards at "Celler Del Roure" Experimental Research in Eastern Spain. Atmosphere. 11(6):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060551 ; S ; 1 ; 14 ; 11 ; 6 ; Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Meusburger, K., van der Zanden, E. H., Poesen, J., & Alewell, C. (2015). Modelling the effect of support practices (P-factor) on the reduction of soil erosion by water at European ...

[EN] The importance of Geographic Information in relation to decision-making and addressing administrative issues, is considered vital by the different bodies managing the territory. Geographic Information Systems are designed to treat this type of information, aimed at solving complex planning and land administration. Because of its versatility, the scope of these systems is very broad and can be used in most activities in which a spatial component involved. Such is the case of those for local administrations, which are, according to the Spanish legal system, the basic units of the division of territory. A properly implemented enterprise GIS would be responsible for providing geographical information to all individuals who are part of that administration, considering all levels: operational, tactical and strategic. Thus, the geo generated could be shared, not only internally, but also with external agencies to the entity, whether belonging to the administration, or public or private companies linked to municipal management. However, although the implementation methodology in a local administration is highly developed, and have implemented many processes, reality shows turbidity. Many projects, ambitious in its design, fail to crystallize and reduced to mere departmental GIS end in a disorderly manner. The reasons given by organizations are mainly based on the awareness of not need some of the advanced possibilities offered by GIS, or the waste produced by their workers, or reducing funding . But these reasons given by the different agencies that have not achieved success in exploiting GIS Are symptoms or diseases? Is it of subjective references that gives a sick or diseases themselves ?. To heal the patient, it would be more operational focus on the study of causality in the case of an implementation of a GIS in local government, is reflected in determining the factors that influence the success or failure, and indicate which of them They are critical. In this thesis these sensitive factors are determined, ...

Land demarcation is a fundamental requirement when determining to what extent property owners and public administrations can apply their rights. Just as international boundaries must be clearly marked so that there can be no doubt as to which jurisdiction is to be applied, municipal boundaries must be clearly defined in order to avoid disputes between local administrations. In Spain the Geographical Institute carried out the demarcation of all municipal boundaries at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, defined their limits on cadastral maps and represented them on the 1:50,000 scale National Topographical Map. At the present time, more than a hundred years after this survey, in many cases parts of the original municipal limits have been lost for one reason or another, both on the maps and on the ground itself, and it has now become necessary to take steps to recover them. This paper defines a method of using the municipal councils own historical information to trace original boundary lines. The work included both a study and a series of tests carried out in different municipal areas in the Province of Valencia, Spain. The original reports and field notebooks of the Geographical Institute were used as the basic material of the study, supported by cadastral maps from different periods, as well as historical and contemporary orthophotos to help locate possible boundary markers. GPS techniques were employed to look for, survey and reinstate boundary marker positions. ; This work has been partially supported by the research project 'The Land Registry as the basic tool for organising spatial information; INSPIRE Directive, spatial data and metadata (II)', DER2011-23321 from the Spanish Government. ; Femenía Ribera, C.; Benítez Aguado, E.; Mora Navarro, JG.; Martínez Llario, JC. (2014). Method of recovering municipal boundary lines in Province of Valencia (Spain) by means of historical cadastral maps. Survey Review. 46(337):255-266. https://doi.org/10.1179/1752270613Y.0000000081 ; S ; 255 ; 266 ...

The Fort of Borj El Loutani is part of an architectural complex of three Ottoman fortresses and an old harbour with arsenal dating back to the 17th century. It is located in Ghar El Melh (60 km from Tunis), on the north-western side of the Gulf of Tunis, on the shore of the lagoon with the same name. The conformation of this coastal land has historically resulted in its use as a strategic site for many civilisations that found in this place a safe refuge—one that is very defensible and away from immediate attacks by sea. The Fort was built by the Ottomans in 1659 and was used as a military base by an artillery division and as a prison. Over time, the Fort has undergone significant transformations and in 1922 was finally listed as a Tunisian Historic Monument. In 1964, the prison was closed, and, in 1990, the Tunisian government launched a restoration and enhancement project for this site. An interpretation centre was the first modern initiative implemented in 2013. This centre is devoted to Tunisian Wetlands. This work intends to demonstrate the importance of using these relevant monuments to allocate educational facilities in order to guarantee their maintenance and, thus, to highlight the social dimension of the heritage. ; Viñals Blasco, MJ.; Alonso-Monasterio Fernandez, P.; Alonso Monasterio Fernandez, ML.; Morant González, M. (2014). The Tunisian Westlands Centre: modern uses for the Ottoman Fort of Borj El Loutani (Ghar El Melh). WIT Transactions on the Built Environment. 143:209-220. doi:10.2495/DSHF140181 ; S ; 209 ; 220 ; 143

[EN] The abandonment of agricultural plots entails a low economic productivity of the land and a higher vulnerability to wildfires and degradation of affected areas. In this sense, the local government of Galicia is promoting new methodologies based on high-resolution images in order to classify the territory in basic and generic land uses. This procedure will be used to control the sustainable management of plots belonging to the Land Bank. This paper presents an application study for maintaining and updating land use/land cover geospatial databases using parcel-oriented classification. The test is performed over two geographic areas of Galicia, in the northwest of Spain. In this region, forest and shrublands in mountain environments are very heterogeneous with many private unproductive plots, some of which are in a high state of abandonment. The dataset is made of high spatial resolution multispectral imagery, cadastral cartography employed to define the image objects (plots), and field samples used to define evaluation and training samples. A set of descriptive features is computed quantifying different properties of the objects, i.e. spectral, texture, structural, and geometrical. Additionally, the effect on the classification and updating processes of the historical land use as a descriptive feature is tested. Three different classification methodologies are analyzed: linear discriminant analysis, decision trees, and support vector machine. The overall accuracies of the classifications obtained are always above 90 % and support vector machine method is proved to provide the best performance. Forest and shrublands areas are especially undefined, so the discrimination between these two classes is low. The results enable to conclude that the use of automatic parcel-oriented classification techniques for updating tasks of land use/land cover geospatial databases, is effective in the areas tested, particularly when broad and well defined classes are required. ; The authors appreciate the collaboration and ...

[EN] Augmented Reality (AR) applications have experienced extraordinary growth recently, evolving into a well-established method for the dissemination and communication of content related to cultural heritage¿including education. AR applications have been used in museums and gallery exhibitions and virtual reconstructions of historic interiors. However, the circumstances of an outdoor environment can be problematic. This paper presents a methodology to develop immersive AR applications based on the recognition of outdoor buildings. To demonstrate this methodology, a case study focused on the Parliament Buildings National Historic Site in Ottawa, Canada has been conducted. The site is currently undergoing a multiyear rehabilitation program that will make access to parts of this national monument inaccessible to the public. AR experiences, including simulated photo merging of historic and present content, are proposed as one tool that can enrich the Parliament Hill visit during the rehabilitation. Outdoor AR experiences are limited by factors, such as variable lighting (and shadows) conditions, caused by changes in the environment (objects height and orientation, obstructions, occlusions), the weather, and the time of day. This paper proposes a workflow to solve some of these issues from a multi-image tracking approach. ; This work has been developed under the framework of the New Paradigms/New Tools for Heritage Conservation in Canada, a project funded through the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). ; Blanco-Pons, S.; Carrión-Ruiz, B.; Duong, M.; Chartrand, J.; Fai, S.; Lerma, JL. (2019). Augmented Reality Markerless Multi-Image Outdoor Tracking System for the Historical Buildings on Parliament Hill. Sustainability. 11(16):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164268 ; S ; 1 ; 15 ; 11 ; 16 ; Bekele, M. K., Pierdicca, R., Frontoni, E., Malinverni, E. S., & Gain, J. (2018). A Survey of Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality for Cultural Heritage. Journal on Computing and Cultural ...

[EN] This paper describes a methodological protocol to project a terrestrial photograph of a coastal area or whatever indicator is contained on it in a georeferenced plane taking advantage of the terrestrial horizon as a geometric key. This feature, which appears in many beach photos, helps in camera repositioning and as a constraint in collinearity adjustment. This procedure is implemented in a tool called Coastal Projector (C-Pro) that is based on Matlab and adapts its methodology in accordance with the input data and the available parameters of the acquisition system. The method is tested in three coastal areas to assess the influence that the horizon constraint presents in the results. The proposed methodology increases the reliability and efficient use of existing recreational cameras (with non-optimal requirements, unknown image calibration, and at elevations lower than 7 m) to provide quantitative coastal data. ; This study is part of the PhD dissertation of the first author, which is supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (I+D+i 2013–2016). Two other projects participated: one from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CGL2015-69906-R) and the other from the Valencia Regional Government (AICO/2015/098). The Department of Geology, Faculty of Science of the University of Lisbon provided Magoito data thanks to a PhD stay of the first author under the supervision of Dr. Rui Taborda. The authors gratefully acknowledge the constructive comments provided by Dr. Jaime Almonacid. ; Sánchez García, E.; Balaguer-Beser, Á.; Pardo Pascual, JE. (2017). C-Pro: A coastal projector monitoring system using terrestrial photogrammetry with a geometric horizon constraint. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 128:255-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.03.023 ; S ; 255 ; 273 ; 128

[EN] In recent years, heritage documentation processes have largely benefited from the application of both 2D imagery analysis and 3D techniques for recording and visualization of assets. In this paper, a combined 2D-3D methodological workflow, especially helpful for the documentation of graffiti on closed and narrow spaces, is presented. It is proposed, firstly, the use of structure from motion software to obtain the 3D model and texture information. Then, the use of decorrelation stretching algorithms is used to obtain enhanced textures. This study found that the performance of the algorithms usually recommended for enhancement of the different colours is sometimes suboptimal. Finally, the integration of 2D and 3D information into Blender, a powerful 3D open-source tool, allows for a detailed exploration of the areas containing graffiti. Additionally, it allows high quality rendition of the resulting model that helps to better understand and record heritage resources. This methodological approach has been applied to the military defense heritage site of Puig-Carassols trench line in Spain. ; Palomar-Vázquez, J.; Baselga Moreno, S.; Viñals Blasco, MJ.; García-Sales, C.; Sancho-Espinós, I. (2017). Application of a combination of digital image processing and 3D visualization of graffiti in heritage conservation. Journal of Archaeological Science Reports. 12:32-42. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.01.021 ; S ; 32 ; 42 ; 12