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This paper examines the effects of the transformations and the changing notions of the national and international security, especially by the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) in Greek policies. In this frame, it discusses the debate over "new wars", as one that incorporates the rhetoric of globalization, the increasing role of information technologies, as well as the "preemptive wars" as response to "new threats". Furthermore, this paper discusses the development of the ESDP and categorizes different sets of arguments that focus on the relationship between ESPD and the nation state. These sets of arguments refer to the EU as an emerging global superpower, as an agent of governmentality in agendas of "good governance" and "humanitarian intervention", as a response to the decline of nation states in the frame of globalization and also, as a coalition where the nation state remains predominant and operates as a reference level for the EU. As far as Greece is concerned, this paper summarizes its basic foreign policy features, the problem of its high defence expenditure, its participation to several ESDP-institutions, police missions and peace- keeping operations, as well as problems that concern both the EU and Greece as a border and transition country, such as the migration from belligerent countries. ; peer-reviewed

This report presents and analyses the legal system, policies and practices regarding border management and migration control in Greece as a EU and Schengen member state. Since 2011, border management and migration control have significantly expanded in the country. A significant number of events and transformations formed the context of the period in question (2011-2018) such as: the Integrated Border Management Program for Combating Illegal Immigration (2011); the adoption of the Law 3907/2011 regarding the Establishment of an Asylum Service and a First Reception Service; the construction of the Evros fence; the increased arrivals since 2015; the closure of the so-called Western Balkans Corridor; the Joint EU–Turkey Statement of 18 March 2016; the adoption of the Law 4375/2016; and the Hotspot Approach and the Hotspot implementation; and the geographical restriction in the northeastern Aegean islands.

This report presents and analyses the legal system, policies and practices regarding border management and migration control in Greece as a EU and Schengen member state. Since 2011, border management and migration control have significantly expanded in the country. A significant number of events and transformations formed the context of the period in question (2011-2018) such as: the Integrated Border Management Program for Combating Illegal Immigration (2011); the adoption of the Law 3907/2011 regarding the Establishment of an Asylum Service and a First Reception Service; the construction of the Evros fence; the increased arrivals since 2015; the closure of the so-called Western Balkans Corridor; the Joint EU–Turkey Statement of 18 March 2016; the adoption of the Law 4375/2016; and the Hotspot Approach and the Hotspot implementation; and the geographical restriction in the northeastern Aegean islands.

Intro -- U.S. BORDER SECURITY -- U.S. BORDER SECURITY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 BORDER SECURITY: THE ROLE OF THE U.S. BORDER PATROL -- Summary -- Recent Legislative Developments -- Administration Request for Border Security Funds -- Congressional Action on Border Security -- Background -- Organization and Composition -- Evolution of the National Strategic Plan -- National Border Patrol Strategy -- Budget and Resources -- Surveillance Assets (Secure Border Initiative) -- Automated Biometrics Identification System (IDENT) -- Apprehensions Statistics -- Multiple Apprehensions -- Successful Illegal Entries -- Multiple Correlations -- Southwest Border -- Prevention through Deterrence in Action -- Southern Border Manpower -- Southwest Border Apprehensions -- Border Safety Initiative -- Interior Repatriation Program -- Northern Border -- U.S.-Canadian Cooperation -- Northern Border Manpower -- Integrated Border Enforcement Teams (IBET) -- Northern Border Apprehensions -- Border Patrol Issues for Congress -- 9/11 Report and the Northern Border -- Migrant Deaths -- Attacks on Border Patrol Agents -- Interior Enforcement70 -- Integration of IDENT/IAFIS Law Enforcement Databases -- Deployment of SBInet Technology -- Coordination with Other Federal Agencies -- Civilian Humanitarian Groups -- Staffing and Training Issues -- Agent Attrition -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 SECURING AMERICA'S BORDERS: THE ROLE OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY -- Summary -- Background -- The Border Security Effort -- A Role for Intelligence Agencies -- Particular Challenges for Intelligence Agencies -- Epic and Other Fusion Centers -- Issues for Congress -- Balancing Intelligence Missions -- Deconfliction -- Civil Liberties of U.S. Persons -- U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico Relations -- Conclusion -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 SECURING AMERICA'S BORDERS: THE ROLE OF THE MILITARY

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "One of the primary missions of the new Department of Homeland Security (DHS) focuses on border control--preventing the illegal entry of people and goods into the United States. Part of this mission is controlling the passage of travelers through official ports of entry into the United States. Facilitating the flow of people while preventing the illegal entry of travelers requires an effective and efficient process that authenticates a traveler's identity. Generally, identifying travelers at the ports of entry is performed by inspecting their travel documents, such as passports and visas, and asking them questions. Technologies called biometrics can automate the identification of individual travelers by one or more of their distinct physiological characteristics. Biometrics have been suggested as a way of improving the nation's ability to determine whether travelers are admissible to the United States."

"Border security is a topic that's often talked about by politicians, on the news, and on social media, but what does it mean? Readers discover the answer as they explore the heated debates surrounding this controversial issue. The unbiased main text enhances critical-thinking skills by encouraging readers to understand the many different points of view people have about border security. Full-color photographs and fact boxes create a unique and informative reading experience, and a helpful graphic organizer makes this crucial current events topic feel more accessible to young readers"--

This report discusses the U.S.-Canada Immigration Border Issues related to Border Security.

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The possibility that terrorists and criminals might exploit border vulnerabilities and enter the United States poses a serious security risk, especially if they were to bring radioactive material or other contraband with them. Although Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has taken steps to secure the 170 ports of entry on the northern and southern U.S. borders, Congress is concerned that unmanned and unmonitored areas between these ports of entry may be vulnerable. In unmanned locations, CBP relies on surveillance cameras, unmanned aerial drones, and other technology to monitor for illegal border activity. In unmonitored locations, CBP does not have this equipment in place and must rely on alert citizens or other information sources to meet its obligation to protect the border. Today's testimony will address what GAO investigators found during a limited security assessment of seven border areas that were unmanned, unmonitored, or both--four at the U.S.-Canada border and three at the U.S.-Mexico border. In three of the four locations on the U.S.-Canada border, investigators carried a duffel bag across the border to simulate the cross-border movement of radioactive materials or other contraband. Safety considerations prevented GAO investigators from attempting to cross north into the United States from a starting point in Mexico."

The Mission supports Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in ensuring open and secure borders. This includes attaining an integrated border security and management system that effectively prevents all forms of cross-border crime and threats while still enabling the unhindered movement of persons, goods, services and commerce. Such assistance is framed by the OSCE Border Security and Management Concept which entails a whole-of-government approach and promotes co-operation among all relevant agencies as well as international co-operation.

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Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) reports that the nearly 2,000-mile U.S. border with Mexico is vulnerable to cross-border illegal activity. The Office of Border Patrol (Border Patrol), within DHS's U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), is responsible for securing the border between U.S. ports of entry and has divided responsibility for southwest border miles among nine Border Patrol sectors. CBP reported spending about $3 billion on Border Patrol's southwest border efforts in fiscal year 2010, apprehending over 445,000 illegal entries. This testimony provides preliminary observations on (1) the extent to which DHS reported progress in achieving operational control--Border Patrol was able to detect, respond, and interdict cross-border illegal activity--of the southwest border; (2) the extent to which operational control reflects Border Patrol's ability to respond to illegal activity at the border or after entry into the United States; and (3) how DHS reports the transition to new border security measures will change oversight and resource requirements for securing the southwest border. This testimony is based on GAO's ongoing work for the House Committee on Homeland Security. GAO analyzed DHS border security documents and data supporting border security measures reported by DHS for fiscal years 2005 through 2010, and interviewed DHS officials. DHS generally agreed with the information in this statement and provided clarifying language, which we incorporated."