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Cover -- Contents -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- II. Experience of Advanced Countries -- III. GDP Volume Measures in Sub-Saharan African Countries -- IV. Data Analysis of chain linking in three Sub-Saharan African countries -- V. Simulation analysis of deflation techniques and detailed level of classifications -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Figures -- 1. Country A: Differences in Growth Rates of GDP and Components -- 2. Country B: Differences in Growth Rates of GDP and Components -- 3. Country C: Differences in Growth Rates of GDP and Components -- 4. Difference in Growth Rates for Country B (Single minus Double Deflation) -- 5. Country C: Comparison of Growth Rates for Manufacturing -- Tables -- 1. Differences in Growth Rates of Selected Advanced Countries -- 2. Share of Agriculture and Mining in GDP for Selected SSA Countries (2013) -- 3. Sub-Saharan African Countries: CPI and PPI: Weights Vintage and Coverage -- Appendices -- Appendix 1: GDP Base / Reference Year, and Weights Vintage and Coverage of CPI and PPI for SSA Countries.

We evaluated the prediction that postural instability would precede the subjective symptoms of motion sickness in a fixed-base flight simulator. Participants sat in a cockpit in a video projection dome and were exposed to optical flow that oscillated in the roll axis with exposure durations typical of flight simulation. The frequencies of oscillation were those that characterize spontaneous postural sway during stance. Head motion was measured prior to and during exposure to imposed optical flow. Of 14 participants, 6 were classified as motion sick, either during or after exposure to the optical oscillation. Prior to the onset of subjective symptoms, head motion among participants who later became sick was significantly greater than among participants who did not become motion sick. We argue that the results support the postural instability theory of motion sickness. Actual or potential applications include the prevention or mitigation of motion sickness in virtual environments.

"This industry-leading textbook covers all aspects relating to the operation, marketing, and management of fixed-base operators (FBOs). Author Dr. C. Daniel Prather, an experienced aviation industry professional educator, presents key considerations for FBO managers and prepares university-level students for this competitive business field. This text begins by covering the history of general aviation and the scope of the current industry and then examines all elements of FBO operations, including line service, aircraft maintenance, flight operations, aircraft sales, aircraft charter, customer service, and more. A focus on marketing an FBO explores the role of marketing, sales and promotion, marketing research, and transportation needs assessment. As a management resource, this book examines methods of acquiring a business aircraft, management functions and organization, risk management, financial planning, and human resources as well as presents current and future challenges confronting FBOs. Each chapter contains resources to aid readers' learning, including definitions of key terms, review questions, and real-world scenarios to help students apply their learning to challenges encountered by FBOs. Entrepreneurs establishing an FBO will find practical discussions of FBO services to consider, safe line service practices, proper legal structures, marketing plans, risk management, and more"--

This work investigates differences in lateral displacement when driving on curved and straight road sections in real-road and simulator conditions. We observed 100 licensed drivers on a rural road and 100 in a fixed-base simulator. Speed and lateral position on the real road were measured using videocameras. The analysis indicates that the mean vehicle lateral displacement is in general higher on the real road than in the simulator. However, these differences decrease for higher speeds at curved sections and for lower speeds at straight sections. It was also found that the standard deviation of the vehicle lateral displacement is significantly lower on the real road than the corresponding values in the simulator, at either curved or straight sections. Actual or potential applications of this research are related to a more realistic assessment of driving behavior scenarios derived on the basis of simulation experiment results.

This report describes an investigation of the effects of moderate levels of blood alcohol on ability to steer a constantly turning course in a fixed-base shadowgraph driving simulator. An analysis of tracking error responses showed a statistically significant impairment of the performance of subjects less than 35 years old at a blood alcohol level of 50 mg%. Subjects over the age of 35 had difficulty operating the equipment. It is suspected that part of the decrement experienced by the older subjects must be attributed to task difficulty artificially raised by mechanical limitations of the simulator.

Objective: This study (a) compares the effectiveness of different types of feedback for novices who learn to land a virtual aircraft in a fixed-base flight simulator and (b) analyzes the informational variables that learners come to use after practice. Background: An extensive body of research exists concerning the informational variables that allow successful landing. In contrast, few studies have examined how the attention of pilots can be directed toward these sources of information. Method: In this study, 15 participants were asked to land a virtual Cessna 172 on 245 trials while trying to follow the glide-slope area as accurately as possible. Three groups of participants practiced under different feedback conditions: with self-controlled concurrent feedback (the self-controlled group), with imposed concurrent feedback (the yoked group), or without concurrent feedback (the control group). Results: The self-controlled group outperformed the yoked group, which in turn outperformed the control group. Removing or manipulating specific sources of information during transfer tests had different effects for different individuals. However, removing the cockpit from the visual scene had a detrimental effect on the performance of the majority of the participants. Conclusion: Self-controlled concurrent feedback helps learners to more quickly attune to the informational variables that allow them to control the aircraft during the approach phase. Applications: Knowledge concerning feedback schedules can be used for the design of optimal practice methods for student pilots, and knowledge about the informational variables used by expert performers has implications for the design of cockpits and runways that facilitate the detection of these variables.

Accelerating the innovation and development of the Industrial Internet Platform is inevitably necessary for the integration of new-generation information technology and the manufacturing industry. It is also the key point for promoting the construction of manufacturing power and network power. In this paper, based on the comprehensive analysis of the relevant problems of China's Industrial Internet Platform development monitoring, the development index of the Industrial Internet Platform is designed. Taking a typical domestic Industrial Internet Platform as an example, the development index of the Industrial Internet Platform in 2018, 2019, and 2020 are comprehensively calculated in this paper. The results show that China's Industrial Internet Platform is rapidly growing in many aspects, such as industrial equipment cloud and industrial APP. There is a large space for improving the industrial knowledge accumulation reuse and the application promotion of small/medium-sized enterprises. The results in this paper can provide scientific suggestions and practical references for the government, enterprises, scientific research institutions, which is of great significance in promoting the healthiness and sustainability of the Industrial Internet Platform.

Driver education classes were once seen as a remedy for young drivers overin-volvement in crashes, but research results from the early 1970s were disappointing. Few changes in the content or methods of instruction occurred until recently, but this could change rapidly. Personal computers (PCs) can now present videos or photorealistic simulations of risky, cognitively demanding traffic scenarios that require quick responses without putting the participant at risk. As such programs proliferate, evaluating their effectiveness poses a major challenge. We report the use of a fixed-base driving simulator to study the effects of both experience on the road and PC-based risk awareness training on younger drivers' part-task simulator driving performance in risky traffic scenarios. We ran three groups of drivers on the simulator: one group first trained on the PC (younger, inexperienced drivers) and two groups who received no PC training (younger, inexperienced and experienced drivers). Overall, the younger, inexperienced drivers who were trained on a PC operated their vehicles in risky scenarios in ways that differed measurably from those of the untrained younger, inexperienced drivers and, more important, in ways that we believe would decrease their exposure to risk considering that, on average, their behavior was more similar to the behavior of the untrained, experienced drivers. More research is needed to demonstrate whether these findings apply on the open road to the larger population of younger drivers. However, at least initially, the research suggests that PC-based risk awareness training programs have the potential to reduce the high crash rate among younger, inexperienced drivers.

Under the Lisbon Treaty, the distribution of mandates to the European Parliament should satisfy the condition of degressive proportionality. A proposition of such distributions, known as the Cambridge Compromise, assumes a proportional adjustment of an initial, degressively proportional, base distribution. First, a fixed base number of seats is allocated, and then the actual solution is determined by the divisor method, adding to the base a number of seats that results from the proportional allocation subject to rounding up. The paper presents some modifications of this idea as regards the choice of a base and its proportional adjustment.

AbstractThis paper provides scarce insider econometric evidence on the structure of management compensation and on the incentive effects of fixed base salaries and bonus payments. Six years of personnel data of 177 managers in a German company are analyzed with special emphasis on the highest achievable bonuses under a Management‐by‐Objectives (MBO) incentive scheme. The main finding of panel negative binomial regressions is that higher achievable bonus payments are correlated with fewer absent working days, which supports the incentive effect of performance pay for managers. The fixed base salary component is, however, not significantly correlated with managers' work absence.

Decisions regarding destination choice for subsistence activities, such as employment and education, are typically taken on a medium or long-term basis. In activity-based modeling for transport research those are traditionally modeled after the allocation of daily activity plans to the individuals, with a few exceptions. This paper presents a comparison of two proceedings, namely the modeling of the destination choice for subsistence activities in advance and its traditional late modeling. Firstly, different destination choice models for employment and education were developed for the agent-based demand model TAPAS. In order to perform the comparison two scenarios were simulated: a base scenario and a scenario with a fee-based parking zone in the city center of Berlin. The results show the validity of both proceedings and their different application.