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Describes the attempt to preserve historical buildings alongside the modern urban designs of Solidère, a private corporation created in 1992 to rebuild nearly 400 acres in the city.

Controversial operation of the second multinational force, deployed to Beirut in 1982. Violence in the Shouf, political factors, peacekeeping in urban areas, results of the Oct. 23 bomb attacks, effect on the city.

This thesis of social and radical geography focuses on power relations in Beirut through an analysis of the housing of migrant workers in the outskirts of the city. As a population with few resources and subject to stigmatization, African and Asian migrant workers nevertheless try to find lodgings within the capital. Taking a micro and intersected approach to the study of specific neighbourhoods (Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra and the Palestinian camp of Mar Elias) and their inhabitants reveals the interweaving of long- and short-term migrant groups and frictions between the commercial interests of the existing community and those, admittedly more chaotic, of newcomers. While the outskirts of Beirut have now become a transition zone, spaces in which new plural dynamics are emerging at various levels, they are also spaces of exclusion and poverty, where the coexistence of these communities is constantly being challenged and weakened by instances of social injustice and civil inequality. This study of mobility, rental accommodation, access to housing and the ethnic economy draws on observations of spaces, interviews with actors and video films and provides insights into the complex realities within a marginal urban population. It also highlights contemporary transformations and local tensions caused by the social, economic and political crisis in Lebanon and the Middle East through the prism of international migration. In fine, this thesis takes a decentralized and ordinary approach to analysing an urban structure usually observed from the perspective of confessional politics and, at the same time, questions the overall Lebanese political regime ; Ma thèse de doctorat s'inscrit dans le champ de la géographie sociale et radicale. Elle traite des rapports de domination à Beyrouth à travers l'habiter des travailleurs migrants dans les marges urbaines. Population aux ressources faibles, discriminée et stigmatisée dans une ville fragmentée, les travailleurs migrants originaires d'Afrique et d'Asie tentent malgré ...

This thesis of social and radical geography focuses on power relations in Beirut through an analysis of the housing of migrant workers in the outskirts of the city. As a population with few resources and subject to stigmatization, African and Asian migrant workers nevertheless try to find lodgings within the capital. Taking a micro and intersected approach to the study of specific neighbourhoods (Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra and the Palestinian camp of Mar Elias) and their inhabitants reveals the interweaving of long- and short-term migrant groups and frictions between the commercial interests of the existing community and those, admittedly more chaotic, of newcomers. While the outskirts of Beirut have now become a transition zone, spaces in which new plural dynamics are emerging at various levels, they are also spaces of exclusion and poverty, where the coexistence of these communities is constantly being challenged and weakened by instances of social injustice and civil inequality. This study of mobility, rental accommodation, access to housing and the ethnic economy draws on observations of spaces, interviews with actors and video films and provides insights into the complex realities within a marginal urban population. It also highlights contemporary transformations and local tensions caused by the social, economic and political crisis in Lebanon and the Middle East through the prism of international migration. In fine, this thesis takes a decentralized and ordinary approach to analysing an urban structure usually observed from the perspective of confessional politics and, at the same time, questions the overall Lebanese political regime ; Ma thèse de doctorat s'inscrit dans le champ de la géographie sociale et radicale. Elle traite des rapports de domination à Beyrouth à travers l'habiter des travailleurs migrants dans les marges urbaines. Population aux ressources faibles, discriminée et stigmatisée dans une ville fragmentée, les travailleurs migrants originaires d'Afrique et d'Asie tentent malgré ...

This thesis of social and radical geography focuses on power relations in Beirut through an analysis of the housing of migrant workers in the outskirts of the city. As a population with few resources and subject to stigmatization, African and Asian migrant workers nevertheless try to find lodgings within the capital. Taking a micro and intersected approach to the study of specific neighbourhoods (Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra and the Palestinian camp of Mar Elias) and their inhabitants reveals the interweaving of long- and short-term migrant groups and frictions between the commercial interests of the existing community and those, admittedly more chaotic, of newcomers. While the outskirts of Beirut have now become a transition zone, spaces in which new plural dynamics are emerging at various levels, they are also spaces of exclusion and poverty, where the coexistence of these communities is constantly being challenged and weakened by instances of social injustice and civil inequality. This study of mobility, rental accommodation, access to housing and the ethnic economy draws on observations of spaces, interviews with actors and video films and provides insights into the complex realities within a marginal urban population. It also highlights contemporary transformations and local tensions caused by the social, economic and political crisis in Lebanon and the Middle East through the prism of international migration. In fine, this thesis takes a decentralized and ordinary approach to analysing an urban structure usually observed from the perspective of confessional politics and, at the same time, questions the overall Lebanese political regime ; Ma thèse de doctorat s'inscrit dans le champ de la géographie sociale et radicale. Elle traite des rapports de domination à Beyrouth à travers l'habiter des travailleurs migrants dans les marges urbaines. Population aux ressources faibles, discriminée et stigmatisée dans une ville fragmentée, les travailleurs migrants originaires d'Afrique et d'Asie tentent malgré ...

AbstractBased on interviews with Beirut intellectuals and architects, this essay endeavours to trace the contours for a phenomenology or anthropology of civil war. Thomas Hobbes serves as a guide, with his idea of civil war representing a relapse into the 'state of nature'; as absence of sovereignty resulting in a 'war of everybody against everybody'. The effects of ever‐latent civil war in Beirut are far‐reaching: the fragmentation of urban space and the disappearance of public space, the loss of memory and the fragmentation of time, even the reification of language. In the collective imagination and in the arts, Beirut appears as a ghost town, a spectral city with a spectral civility. What we discover is a city, its inhabitants, its social behaviour, but also its art and literature, in the grip of post‐traumatic stress syndrome. From all this, we take home two things: first, any city can (at least in principle) relapse into a similar state of nature — Beirut can become a paradigm of latent civil war; and second, the traumatic modernity of Beirut mirrors the traumatic artistic expressions of modernism — the shock of modernity is also always a modernity of shock.Résumé Ce texte, basé sur des interviews d'intellectuels et d'architectes beyrouthins, tente de délimiter une phénoménologie ou une anthropologie de la guerre civile. Thomas Hobbes en est le guide, avec l'idée de la guerre civile comme rechute dans «l'Etat de Nature», comme absence de souveraineté conduisant à la «guerre de tous contre tous». Les effets de la guerre civile, toujours latente à Beyrouth, sont très vastes: la fragmentation de l'espace urbain et la disparition de l'espace public, la perte de la mémoire et la fragmentation du temps, jusqu'à la réification du langage. Dans l'imagination collective et dans l'art, Beyrouth apparaît comme une ville fantôme, une cité spectrale avec une citoyenneté spectrale. Nous découvrons une ville, sa société, son art et sa littérature en proie à un syndrome de stress post‐traumatique. Tout cela nous conduit à deux conclusions: d'abord, toute ville peut, au moins en principe, retomber dans un tel Etat de Nature; Beyrouth peut devenir le paradigme d'une guerre civile latente. Ensuite: la modernité traumatisante de Beyrouth reflète les expressions artistiques traumatiques du modernisme; le choc de la modernité est aussi un modernisme du choc.