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Problem setting. There is a fairly extensive network of museums in Ukraine. These cultural institutions have different forms of ownership and subordination: public, communal, private. Study, preservation and popularization of the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine; development of cultural, educational and research museum activities related to the acquisition of museum collections, exhibition, fund, publishing, restoration, monument protection work, aesthetic, intellectual, civic, national and patriotic education; the solution of problematic issues of the museum affairs requires an effective public policy in this area. Bringing all components of such a policy in line with the challenges of the time, focusing on state-building guidelines, developing identity, satisfying the public interest is an extremely important task today. Recent research and publications analysis. The research topics of Ukrainian and foreign scholars relate to various areas of the museum sphere: the connection of economic processes and museum activities; local communities and the development of museums in a pandemic; transformation of museum institutions; balanced development, sustainability, etc. The following scientists studied the essence and content of these processes: I. Panteleychuk, R. Mankovskaya, N. Filipchuk, Y. Klyuchko, L. Pleshakova, T. Shlyapakova, B. Boniface, S. Cooper, R. Mencarelli, C. Alcaraz, I. Pop, A. Borza, T. Komarac and others. The paper objective – analysis of indicators illustrating the problems and trends of public policy in the field of museum affairs in Ukraine, the functioning of museums in crises, in particular, which are a consequence of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The paper main body. The Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine is the main body in the system of central executive bodies, which ensures the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of museum affairs. There is no complete list of existing museums of various forms of ownership. The last update of the list, as stated on the website of the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine, took place on May 10, 2018. The most common type of museum in Ukraine is local lore. There are 567 such museums of various forms of ownership: state (regional, district, city) and non-state. The number of historical museums is 235 units. 196 museums have national status. There are 89 registered art museums in the database, including 52 art museums and 37 art galleries. Given the military actions in eastern Ukraine caused by the occupation of part of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, museums related to military affairs and memory are popular: troops - 63, military glory - 51, war - 6. Minimizing the negative impact of the political factor on the development of museums would help to improve the performance of museum institutions of their social functions, regardless of which model (elite, democratic or mixed) is a museum. Indicators of museum activity, which are summarized by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine by regions and the country as a whole are: number of museums, museum branches, distribution of museums by status, by profile, number of main and auxiliary funds, classification of funds by regions and museum profile , movement of funds, area of the museum territory, research, exposition and exhibition work, number of visitors, main characteristics of museum staff, etc. The study of trends in museum activities is carried out in comparison with the development of tourism. The relative growth rates of the number of museum visitors and the growth rates of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents for the corresponding period are calculated. The analysis shows that a significant decrease in indicators occurred in 2014, when the Russian Federation annexed Crimea and the Russian-Ukrainian war began. The growth rate of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents in almost all years exceeds the growth rate of the number of museum visitors for the period 2011-2019. The growth rate is calculated relative to the previous year. The biggest difference in the growth rate is 2018: 62% increase in the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents against 4.88% increase in the number of museum visitors. The leaders in the number of museums per 1 million population in Ukraine are Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr and Odessa regions. Conclusions of the research. It is determined that the legal basis of museum affairs in Ukraine is prescribed in the legislation, in particular, in the Law of Ukraine «On Museums and Museum Affairs». The basic indicators illustrating problems and tendencies of realization of the public policy in the field of museum affairs in Ukraine are considered. Analysis of the performance of the museum affairs in the crisis, which is a consequence of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and the annexation of the autonomous Republic of Crimea, proves a significant decrease in all indicators in 2014-2015 and a gradual increase in subsequent years. Relative indicators have been calculated that indicate the impact of armed aggression on museum activities, such as: the growth rate of the number of museum visitors and the growth rate of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents for the relevant period. The analysis shows that a significant decline occurred in 2014, when Russia occupied Crimea and the Russian-Ukrainian war began. It is noted that for Ukraine the negative factor influencing the development of museums is still political, which is illustrated by the example of the Odessa Art Museum, the Ivan Honchar Museum and «Mystetskyi Arsenal» National Culture, Arts and Museum Complex. Emphasis is placed on the need for the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine to develop a state strategy for the development of the museum industry. ; Розглянуто базові показники, що ілюструють проблеми та тенденції реалізації державної політики у сфері музейної справи в Україні. Досліджено вплив політичного чинника на діяльність музеїв. Визначено взаємозв'язок між показниками туристичної та музейної діяльності. Обґрунтовано потребу у виробленні державної стратегії розвитку музейної галузі в Україні. Ключові слова: державна політика; музеї; туризм; показники; розвиток; стратегія.

The institutional bases of modernization of the language policy model are investigated. It is substantiated that the institutional basis for the modernization of political networks of the language policy model is Ukrainian or other. language (at different times – it is Kiev, Church Slavonic, Old Ukrainian, Russian, etc.) as a state institution, which in the XV and XVI centuries. used in church translations and in the service of God. The language policy of modernization affected the church sphere precisely when the Ukrainian church became independent, when priests had the opportunity to conduct services and read sermons in Ukrainian (Church Slavonic). The definition of "modernization" is given, which we understand as: cultural and democratic changes; renewal of the activity of a certain institution or branch, which carries significant vestiges of the past and is subordinated to its tasks; profound changes in the educational authoritarian worldview; revision of the principles of functioning of education, its reform in accordance with the new requirements. The activity of those institutions that the independent Ukrainian state inherited from the USSR is described, one of the reasons for its collapse is that this superpower tried to build a stateless monolingual society, which in the new democratic conditions cannot function constructively and fully. It turned out that ignoring national, in particular linguistic factors, was one of the factors of the viability of the empire, as a multinational state needs a pluralism of political and ideological views. Emphasis is placed on the fact that with the restoration of independence, new democratic institutions (the President's Institute, the Legislative Institute, which is the Verkhovna Rada in Ukraine, the Executive Institute – the Cabinet of Ministers, and a network of judicial, communication, administrative, educational and other institutions) have defined the type of construction. model of language policy in Ukraine, which is monocultural, as well as – the democratic direction of development of its language policy. It is determined that the indicator of the political networks of the model is the Ukrainian language as a state institution, as well as other political institutions that regulate language policy, determine its vector of development and solve language and political problems. In this sense, it is revealed that the tension arises due to the competition of two main political institutions and their ideologies – national-democratic and communist, which provoke confrontation, for example, in areas of Ukrainian and Russian nationalisms. It was found that the modernization of the political network of the language policy model took place during the rule of Kuchma and other pro-Russian politicians, who steadily and purposefully led the Ukrainian community to its polarization, division and language-political crisis. Given the activities of various political institutions, as well as the vision of the state and its model of language policy, it was found that between the "right" (national democratic political forces) and "left" (Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats, etc.) political institutions arise misunderstandings, confrontations and linguistic-political conflicts that occur during the discussion of language laws, their ratification and adoption.It has been proven that the functioning of the institutions that are the basis for the modernization of the political network of the language policy model depends on the prevailing ideology, political culture of the subjects, political consciousness and political behavior. ; Досліджуються інституційні основи модернізації моделі мовної політики. Обґрунтовано, що інституційною основою модернізації політичних мереж моделі мовної політики є українська або ін. мова (у різні часи – це києворуська, церковнослов'янська, староукраїнська, руська та ін.) як державна інституція, яка у XV-му та XVI-му ст. використовувалася у церковних перекладах та у службі Божій. Мовна політика модернізації торкнулася церковної сфери саме тоді, коли українська церква стала незалежною, коли священики мали можливість проводити службу Божу та читати проповіді українською (церковнослов'янською) мовою. Дається визначення поняття «модернізація», що розуміємо як: культурні і демократичні зміни; оновлення діяльності певної інституції чи галузі, яка несе значні рудименти минулого та підпорядкована його завданням; глибокі зміни в освітньому авторитарному світогляді; перегляд принципів функціонування освіти, її реформування відповідно до нових вимог. Охарактеризовано діяльність тих інститутів, які незалежна Українська держава отримала у спадок від СРСР, однією із причин розпаду якого є те, що ця наддержава намагалася побудувати безнаціональне одномовне суспільство, яке у нових демократичних умовах не може функціонувати конструктивно та повноцінно діяти. З'ясовано, що ігнорування національних, зокрема мовних факторів, виявилося одним із чинників нежиттєздатності імперії, позаяк багатонаціональній державі потрібен плюралізм політичних та ідеологічних думок. Акцентується увага на тому, що з відновленням незалежності нові демократичні інститути (інститут Президента, законодавчий інститут, яким є в Україні Верховна Рада, виконавчий інститут – Кабінет Міністрів, а також мережа судових, комунікаційних, управлінських, освітніх та ін. інститутів) визначили тип побудови моделі мовної політики в Україні, яка є монокультурною, а також – демократичний напрямок розвитку її мовної політики. Визначено, що індикатором політичних мереж моделі є українська мова як державна інституція, а також інші політичні інституції, які регулюють мовну політику, визначають її вектор розвитку та розв'язують мовно-політичні проблеми. У цьому сенсі виявлено, що напруження виникає унаслідок конкуренції двох основних політичних інститутів та їх ідеологій – національно-демократичної та комуністичної, які провокують протистояння, приміром, у ділянках українського і російського націоналізмізмів. З'ясовано, що модернізація політичної мережи моделі мовної політики відбулася у добу правління Л. Кучми та інших проросійськи налаштованих політиків, які неухильно і цілеспрямовано вели українську спільноту до її поляризації, розколу та мовно-політичної кризи. Враховуючи діяльність різних політичних інститутів, а також бачення розвитку держави та її моделі мовної політики, виявлено, що між «правими» (національнодемократичні політичні сили) та «лівими» (комуністи, соціалісти, соціал-демократи та ін.) політичними інститутами виникають непорозуміння, протистояння та мовно-політичні конфлікти, які відбуваються під час обговорення мовних законів, їх ратифікації та ухвалення. Доведено, що функціонування інститутів, які є основою модернізації політичної мережи моделі мовної політики, залежить від ідеології, яка панує, політичної культури суб'єктів, політичної свідомості та політичної поведінки.

The institutional bases of modernization of the language policy model are investigated. It is substantiated that the institutional basis for the modernization of political networks of the language policy model is Ukrainian or other. language (at different times – it is Kiev, Church Slavonic, Old Ukrainian, Russian, etc.) as a state institution, which in the XV and XVI centuries. used in church translations and in the service of God. The language policy of modernization affected the church sphere precisely when the Ukrainian church became independent, when priests had the opportunity to conduct services and read sermons in Ukrainian (Church Slavonic). The definition of "modernization" is given, which we understand as: cultural and democratic changes; renewal of the activity of a certain institution or branch, which carries significant vestiges of the past and is subordinated to its tasks; profound changes in the educational authoritarian worldview; revision of the principles of functioning of education, its reform in accordance with the new requirements. The activity of those institutions that the independent Ukrainian state inherited from the USSR is described, one of the reasons for its collapse is that this superpower tried to build a stateless monolingual society, which in the new democratic conditions cannot function constructively and fully. It turned out that ignoring national, in particular linguistic factors, was one of the factors of the viability of the empire, as a multinational state needs a pluralism of political and ideological views. Emphasis is placed on the fact that with the restoration of independence, new democratic institutions (the President's Institute, the Legislative Institute, which is the Verkhovna Rada in Ukraine, the Executive Institute – the Cabinet of Ministers, and a network of judicial, communication, administrative, educational and other institutions) have defined the type of construction. model of language policy in Ukraine, which is monocultural, as well as – the democratic direction of development of its language policy. It is determined that the indicator of the political networks of the model is the Ukrainian language as a state institution, as well as other political institutions that regulate language policy, determine its vector of development and solve language and political problems. In this sense, it is revealed that the tension arises due to the competition of two main political institutions and their ideologies – national-democratic and communist, which provoke confrontation, for example, in areas of Ukrainian and Russian nationalisms. It was found that the modernization of the political network of the language policy model took place during the rule of Kuchma and other pro-Russian politicians, who steadily and purposefully led the Ukrainian community to its polarization, division and language-political crisis. Given the activities of various political institutions, as well as the vision of the state and its model of language policy, it was found that between the "right" (national democratic political forces) and "left" (Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats, etc.) political institutions arise misunderstandings, confrontations and linguistic-political conflicts that occur during the discussion of language laws, their ratification and adoption.It has been proven that the functioning of the institutions that are the basis for the modernization of the political network of the language policy model depends on the prevailing ideology, political culture of the subjects, political consciousness and political behavior. ; Досліджуються інституційні основи модернізації моделі мовної політики. Обґрунтовано, що інституційною основою модернізації політичних мереж моделі мовної політики є українська або ін. мова (у різні часи – це києворуська, церковнослов'янська, староукраїнська, руська та ін.) як державна інституція, яка у XV-му та XVI-му ст. використовувалася у церковних перекладах та у службі Божій. Мовна політика модернізації торкнулася церковної сфери саме тоді, коли українська церква стала незалежною, коли священики мали можливість проводити службу Божу та читати проповіді українською (церковнослов'янською) мовою. Дається визначення поняття «модернізація», що розуміємо як: культурні і демократичні зміни; оновлення діяльності певної інституції чи галузі, яка несе значні рудименти минулого та підпорядкована його завданням; глибокі зміни в освітньому авторитарному світогляді; перегляд принципів функціонування освіти, її реформування відповідно до нових вимог. Охарактеризовано діяльність тих інститутів, які незалежна Українська держава отримала у спадок від СРСР, однією із причин розпаду якого є те, що ця наддержава намагалася побудувати безнаціональне одномовне суспільство, яке у нових демократичних умовах не може функціонувати конструктивно та повноцінно діяти. З'ясовано, що ігнорування національних, зокрема мовних факторів, виявилося одним із чинників нежиттєздатності імперії, позаяк багатонаціональній державі потрібен плюралізм політичних та ідеологічних думок. Акцентується увага на тому, що з відновленням незалежності нові демократичні інститути (інститут Президента, законодавчий інститут, яким є в Україні Верховна Рада, виконавчий інститут – Кабінет Міністрів, а також мережа судових, комунікаційних, управлінських, освітніх та ін. інститутів) визначили тип побудови моделі мовної політики в Україні, яка є монокультурною, а також – демократичний напрямок розвитку її мовної політики. Визначено, що індикатором політичних мереж моделі є українська мова як державна інституція, а також інші політичні інституції, які регулюють мовну політику, визначають її вектор розвитку та розв'язують мовно-політичні проблеми. У цьому сенсі виявлено, що напруження виникає унаслідок конкуренції двох основних політичних інститутів та їх ідеологій – національно-демократичної та комуністичної, які провокують протистояння, приміром, у ділянках українського і російського націоналізмізмів. З'ясовано, що модернізація політичної мережи моделі мовної політики відбулася у добу правління Л. Кучми та інших проросійськи налаштованих політиків, які неухильно і цілеспрямовано вели українську спільноту до її поляризації, розколу та мовно-політичної кризи. Враховуючи діяльність різних політичних інститутів, а також бачення розвитку держави та її моделі мовної політики, виявлено, що між «правими» (національнодемократичні політичні сили) та «лівими» (комуністи, соціалісти, соціал-демократи та ін.) політичними інститутами виникають непорозуміння, протистояння та мовно-політичні конфлікти, які відбуваються під час обговорення мовних законів, їх ратифікації та ухвалення. Доведено, що функціонування інститутів, які є основою модернізації політичної мережи моделі мовної політики, залежить від ідеології, яка панує, політичної культури суб'єктів, політичної свідомості та політичної поведінки.

Problem setting. There is a fairly extensive network of museums in Ukraine. These cultural institutions have different forms of ownership and subordination: public, communal, private. Study, preservation and popularization of the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine; development of cultural, educational and research museum activities related to the acquisition of museum collections, exhibition, fund, publishing, restoration, monument protection work, aesthetic, intellectual, civic, national and patriotic education; the solution of problematic issues of the museum affairs requires an effective public policy in this area. Bringing all components of such a policy in line with the challenges of the time, focusing on state-building guidelines, developing identity, satisfying the public interest is an extremely important task today. Recent research and publications analysis. The research topics of Ukrainian and foreign scholars relate to various areas of the museum sphere: the connection of economic processes and museum activities; local communities and the development of museums in a pandemic; transformation of museum institutions; balanced development, sustainability, etc. The following scientists studied the essence and content of these processes: I. Panteleychuk, R. Mankovskaya, N. Filipchuk, Y. Klyuchko, L. Pleshakova, T. Shlyapakova, B. Boniface, S. Cooper, R. Mencarelli, C. Alcaraz, I. Pop, A. Borza, T. Komarac and others. The paper objective – analysis of indicators illustrating the problems and trends of public policy in the field of museum affairs in Ukraine, the functioning of museums in crises, in particular, which are a consequence of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The paper main body. The Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine is the main body in the system of central executive bodies, which ensures the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of museum affairs. There is no complete list of existing museums of various forms of ownership. The last update of the list, as stated on the website of the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine, took place on May 10, 2018. The most common type of museum in Ukraine is local lore. There are 567 such museums of various forms of ownership: state (regional, district, city) and non-state. The number of historical museums is 235 units. 196 museums have national status. There are 89 registered art museums in the database, including 52 art museums and 37 art galleries. Given the military actions in eastern Ukraine caused by the occupation of part of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, museums related to military affairs and memory are popular: troops - 63, military glory - 51, war - 6. Minimizing the negative impact of the political factor on the development of museums would help to improve the performance of museum institutions of their social functions, regardless of which model (elite, democratic or mixed) is a museum. Indicators of museum activity, which are summarized by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine by regions and the country as a whole are: number of museums, museum branches, distribution of museums by status, by profile, number of main and auxiliary funds, classification of funds by regions and museum profile , movement of funds, area of the museum territory, research, exposition and exhibition work, number of visitors, main characteristics of museum staff, etc. The study of trends in museum activities is carried out in comparison with the development of tourism. The relative growth rates of the number of museum visitors and the growth rates of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents for the corresponding period are calculated. The analysis shows that a significant decrease in indicators occurred in 2014, when the Russian Federation annexed Crimea and the Russian-Ukrainian war began. The growth rate of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents in almost all years exceeds the growth rate of the number of museum visitors for the period 2011-2019. The growth rate is calculated relative to the previous year. The biggest difference in the growth rate is 2018: 62% increase in the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents against 4.88% increase in the number of museum visitors. The leaders in the number of museums per 1 million population in Ukraine are Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr and Odessa regions. Conclusions of the research. It is determined that the legal basis of museum affairs in Ukraine is prescribed in the legislation, in particular, in the Law of Ukraine «On Museums and Museum Affairs». The basic indicators illustrating problems and tendencies of realization of the public policy in the field of museum affairs in Ukraine are considered. Analysis of the performance of the museum affairs in the crisis, which is a consequence of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and the annexation of the autonomous Republic of Crimea, proves a significant decrease in all indicators in 2014-2015 and a gradual increase in subsequent years. Relative indicators have been calculated that indicate the impact of armed aggression on museum activities, such as: the growth rate of the number of museum visitors and the growth rate of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents for the relevant period. The analysis shows that a significant decline occurred in 2014, when Russia occupied Crimea and the Russian-Ukrainian war began. It is noted that for Ukraine the negative factor influencing the development of museums is still political, which is illustrated by the example of the Odessa Art Museum, the Ivan Honchar Museum and «Mystetskyi Arsenal» National Culture, Arts and Museum Complex. Emphasis is placed on the need for the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine to develop a state strategy for the development of the museum industry. ; Розглянуто базові показники, що ілюструють проблеми та тенденції реалізації державної політики у сфері музейної справи в Україні. Досліджено вплив політичного чинника на діяльність музеїв. Визначено взаємозв'язок між показниками туристичної та музейної діяльності. Обґрунтовано потребу у виробленні державної стратегії розвитку музейної галузі в Україні. Ключові слова: державна політика; музеї; туризм; показники; розвиток; стратегія.

Esta ponencia es la presentación del proyecto de tesis, que tiene por objetivo estudiar el proceso de constitución y consolidación del poder judicial, responsable de la administración de justicia, como integrante del Estado provincial, legitimador de su accionar político y mediador con la sociedad civil. La investigación se ubica en la provincia de Buenos Aires, entre 1853 y 1881, que sancionó su propia Constitución en 1854, en la que declaraba en su artículo 118 que el poder judicial sería independiente de todo otro en el ejercicio de sus funciones. Es decir que en esta provincia la consagración de la teoría de los poderes del Estado y la ley como definidora de lo que era justo, requirieron de la organización del poder judicial. El sistema judicial de la provincia de Buenos Aires comenzó su formación como poder del Estado a partir de la reforma rivadaviana y el proceso alcanzó su madurez entre 1853 y 1881, como parte fundamental del proyecto liberal, asentado sobre la autoridad de la ley. El poder judicial garantizaba la legitimidad del sistema político republicano de matriz liberal, pero la dependencia con el poder ejecutivo se mantuvo en parte, representada en el presupuesto, los nombramientos y los jurys. La organización judicial en formación incluyó al ámbito rural con una fisonomía institucional que tendía a consolidar la relación entre Estado y sociedad civil; ésta manifestaba sus necesidades a través de la opinión pública y el poder las interpretaba con el fin de legitimar su acción política. En este proceso de legitimación, el poder judicial era funcional al Estado, lo que se consolidó con el tiempo. La Constitución de 1873, a pesar de ser ideal en algunas de sus propuestas, dio protagonismo y efectividad a las instituciones judiciales que se formaron y pusieron en funcionamiento con una nueva concepción de justicia, que sin dejar de lado el derecho natural se consolidaba en una función más positiva, atenta a los derechos individuales y de propiedad. Para comprender el rol que jugó el sistema de justicia en la formación del Estado es necesario desenmarañar la compleja trama de relaciones entre el poder político y los magistrados, y a su vez entre ellos y la sociedad. Pero esto no se puede realizar sin conocer y comprender que entendían por justicia, y definir de qué forma organizaron su administración. En la realización de esta investigación atenderé a las soluciones que el ordenamiento jurídico debía brindar a una determinada sociedad, las instituciones que lo formaron y las ideas de quienes lo gestaron. El uso de la fuente judicial será fundamental para observar si la letra de la ley fue cumplida en la administración de justicia y de qué manera. Pero esa fuente judicial confirmará o no la aplicación de las leyes dictadas por el poder legislativo y los decretos emanados del ejecutivo, por ello será necesario reconstruir los organigramas del Poder Judicial a partir del estudio de los Registros Oficiales y los debates legislativos de la provincia. ; This paper is the presentation of the thesis project aims to study the process of establishing and strengthening the judiciary, responsible for the administration of justice, as a member of the provincial state, legitimizing their political action and mediator with civil society. The research is located in the province of Buenos Aires, between 1853 and 1881, because despite having sworn not to the Constitution until 1860, passed its own constitution in 1854, which stated in Article 118 that the judiciary would be independent of any other in the exercise of their functions. This means that in this province the consecration of the theory of the branches of government and law as defining what was just, required the organization of the judiciary. The judicial system of the Province of Buenos Aires began his training as a power State from Rivadavia reform and the process reached maturity between 1853 and 1881, as a fundamental part of the liberal project, which sits on the authority of the law. The judiciary ensured the legitimacy of the political system matrix liberal Republican, but the dependence on the power axis remained in part, represented in the budget, appointments and jurys. The Judiciary in the rural area included training with the institutional features that tended to strengthen the relationship between state and civil society, stating its needs through the view to the public and interpreted in order to legitimize their political action. In this process of legitimation, the judiciary was functional to the State, which was consolidated over time. The Constitution of 1873, despite being ideal in some of its proposals, gave prominence and effectiveness of judicial institutions that were formed and put into operation with a new conception of justice, without ignoring the natural law was consolidated in a more positive role, listening to the individual and property rights. To understand the role played by the justice system in the formation of the state is necessary to unravel the complex web of relationships between political power and judges, and in turn between them and society . But this is not possible without knowing and understanding what they meant by justice, and to define how they organized their management. In conducting this research is to address the solutions to the legal system should provide to a particular society, the institutions that shaped him and the ideas of those who gave birth. The use of judicial power will be crucial to see if the letter of the law was fulfilled in the administration of justice and how. But the court official confirmation or implementation of laws enacted by the legislature and the executive decrees issued therefore be necessary to rebuild the organizational charts of the judiciary from the study of official records and legislative debates in the province. ; Fil: Corva, María Angélica. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Esta ponencia es la presentación del proyecto de tesis, que tiene por objetivo estudiar el proceso de constitución y consolidación del poder judicial, responsable de la administración de justicia, como integrante del Estado provincial, legitimador de su accionar político y mediador con la sociedad civil. La investigación se ubica en la provincia de Buenos Aires, entre 1853 y 1881, que sancionó su propia Constitución en 1854, en la que declaraba en su artículo 118 que el poder judicial sería independiente de todo otro en el ejercicio de sus funciones. Es decir que en esta provincia la consagración de la teoría de los poderes del Estado y la ley como definidora de lo que era justo, requirieron de la organización del poder judicial. El sistema judicial de la provincia de Buenos Aires comenzó su formación como poder del Estado a partir de la reforma rivadaviana y el proceso alcanzó su madurez entre 1853 y 1881, como parte fundamental del proyecto liberal, asentado sobre la autoridad de la ley. El poder judicial garantizaba la legitimidad del sistema político republicano de matriz liberal, pero la dependencia con el poder ejecutivo se mantuvo en parte, representada en el presupuesto, los nombramientos y los jurys. La organización judicial en formación incluyó al ámbito rural con una fisonomía institucional que tendía a consolidar la relación entre Estado y sociedad civil; ésta manifestaba sus necesidades a través de la opinión pública y el poder las interpretaba con el fin de legitimar su acción política. En este proceso de legitimación, el poder judicial era funcional al Estado, lo que se consolidó con el tiempo. La Constitución de 1873, a pesar de ser ideal en algunas de sus propuestas, dio protagonismo y efectividad a las instituciones judiciales que se formaron y pusieron en funcionamiento con una nueva concepción de justicia, que sin dejar de lado el derecho natural se consolidaba en una función más positiva, atenta a los derechos individuales y de propiedad. Para comprender el rol que jugó el sistema de justicia en la formación del Estado es necesario desenmarañar la compleja trama de relaciones entre el poder político y los magistrados, y a su vez entre ellos y la sociedad. Pero esto no se puede realizar sin conocer y comprender que entendían por justicia, y definir de qué forma organizaron su administración. En la realización de esta investigación atenderé a las soluciones que el ordenamiento jurídico debía brindar a una determinada sociedad, las instituciones que lo formaron y las ideas de quienes lo gestaron. El uso de la fuente judicial será fundamental para observar si la letra de la ley fue cumplida en la administración de justicia y de qué manera. Pero esa fuente judicial confirmará o no la aplicación de las leyes dictadas por el poder legislativo y los decretos emanados del ejecutivo, por ello será necesario reconstruir los organigramas del Poder Judicial a partir del estudio de los Registros Oficiales y los debates legislativos de la provincia. ; This paper is the presentation of the thesis project aims to study the process of establishing and strengthening the judiciary, responsible for the administration of justice, as a member of the provincial state, legitimizing their political action and mediator with civil society. The research is located in the province of Buenos Aires, between 1853 and 1881, because despite having sworn not to the Constitution until 1860, passed its own constitution in 1854, which stated in Article 118 that the judiciary would be independent of any other in the exercise of their functions. This means that in this province the consecration of the theory of the branches of government and law as defining what was just, required the organization of the judiciary. The judicial system of the Province of Buenos Aires began his training as a power State from Rivadavia reform and the process reached maturity between 1853 and 1881, as a fundamental part of the liberal project, which sits on the authority of the law. The judiciary ensured the legitimacy of the political system matrix liberal Republican, but the dependence on the power axis remained in part, represented in the budget, appointments and jurys. The Judiciary in the rural area included training with the institutional features that tended to strengthen the relationship between state and civil society, stating its needs through the view to the public and interpreted in order to legitimize their political action. In this process of legitimation, the judiciary was functional to the State, which was consolidated over time. The Constitution of 1873, despite being ideal in some of its proposals, gave prominence and effectiveness of judicial institutions that were formed and put into operation with a new conception of justice, without ignoring the natural law was consolidated in a more positive role, listening to the individual and property rights. To understand the role played by the justice system in the formation of the state is necessary to unravel the complex web of relationships between political power and judges, and in turn between them and society . But this is not possible without knowing and understanding what they meant by justice, and to define how they organized their management. In conducting this research is to address the solutions to the legal system should provide to a particular society, the institutions that shaped him and the ideas of those who gave birth. The use of judicial power will be crucial to see if the letter of the law was fulfilled in the administration of justice and how. But the court official confirmation or implementation of laws enacted by the legislature and the executive decrees issued therefore be necessary to rebuild the organizational charts of the judiciary from the study of official records and legislative debates in the province. ; Fil: Corva, María Angélica. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Esta ponencia es la presentación del proyecto de tesis, que tiene por objetivo estudiar el proceso de constitución y consolidación del poder judicial, responsable de la administración de justicia, como integrante del Estado provincial, legitimador de su accionar político y mediador con la sociedad civil. La investigación se ubica en la provincia de Buenos Aires, entre 1853 y 1881, que sancionó su propia Constitución en 1854, en la que declaraba en su artículo 118 que el poder judicial sería independiente de todo otro en el ejercicio de sus funciones. Es decir que en esta provincia la consagración de la teoría de los poderes del Estado y la ley como definidora de lo que era justo, requirieron de la organización del poder judicial. El sistema judicial de la provincia de Buenos Aires comenzó su formación como poder del Estado a partir de la reforma rivadaviana y el proceso alcanzó su madurez entre 1853 y 1881, como parte fundamental del proyecto liberal, asentado sobre la autoridad de la ley. El poder judicial garantizaba la legitimidad del sistema político republicano de matriz liberal, pero la dependencia con el poder ejecutivo se mantuvo en parte, representada en el presupuesto, los nombramientos y los jurys. La organización judicial en formación incluyó al ámbito rural con una fisonomía institucional que tendía a consolidar la relación entre Estado y sociedad civil; ésta manifestaba sus necesidades a través de la opinión pública y el poder las interpretaba con el fin de legitimar su acción política. En este proceso de legitimación, el poder judicial era funcional al Estado, lo que se consolidó con el tiempo. La Constitución de 1873, a pesar de ser ideal en algunas de sus propuestas, dio protagonismo y efectividad a las instituciones judiciales que se formaron y pusieron en funcionamiento con una nueva concepción de justicia, que sin dejar de lado el derecho natural se consolidaba en una función más positiva, atenta a los derechos individuales y de propiedad. Para comprender el rol que jugó el sistema de justicia en la formación del Estado es necesario desenmarañar la compleja trama de relaciones entre el poder político y los magistrados, y a su vez entre ellos y la sociedad. Pero esto no se puede realizar sin conocer y comprender que entendían por justicia, y definir de qué forma organizaron su administración. En la realización de esta investigación atenderé a las soluciones que el ordenamiento jurídico debía brindar a una determinada sociedad, las instituciones que lo formaron y las ideas de quienes lo gestaron. El uso de la fuente judicial será fundamental para observar si la letra de la ley fue cumplida en la administración de justicia y de qué manera. Pero esa fuente judicial confirmará o no la aplicación de las leyes dictadas por el poder legislativo y los decretos emanados del ejecutivo, por ello será necesario reconstruir los organigramas del Poder Judicial a partir del estudio de los Registros Oficiales y los debates legislativos de la provincia. ; This paper is the presentation of the thesis project aims to study the process of establishing and strengthening the judiciary, responsible for the administration of justice, as a member of the provincial state, legitimizing their political action and mediator with civil society. The research is located in the province of Buenos Aires, between 1853 and 1881, because despite having sworn not to the Constitution until 1860, passed its own constitution in 1854, which stated in Article 118 that the judiciary would be independent of any other in the exercise of their functions. This means that in this province the consecration of the theory of the branches of government and law as defining what was just, required the organization of the judiciary. The judicial system of the Province of Buenos Aires began his training as a power State from Rivadavia reform and the process reached maturity between 1853 and 1881, as a fundamental part of the liberal project, which sits on the authority of the law. The judiciary ensured the legitimacy of the political system matrix liberal Republican, but the dependence on the power axis remained in part, represented in the budget, appointments and jurys. The Judiciary in the rural area included training with the institutional features that tended to strengthen the relationship between state and civil society, stating its needs through the view to the public and interpreted in order to legitimize their political action. In this process of legitimation, the judiciary was functional to the State, which was consolidated over time. The Constitution of 1873, despite being ideal in some of its proposals, gave prominence and effectiveness of judicial institutions that were formed and put into operation with a new conception of justice, without ignoring the natural law was consolidated in a more positive role, listening to the individual and property rights. To understand the role played by the justice system in the formation of the state is necessary to unravel the complex web of relationships between political power and judges, and in turn between them and society . But this is not possible without knowing and understanding what they meant by justice, and to define how they organized their management. In conducting this research is to address the solutions to the legal system should provide to a particular society, the institutions that shaped him and the ideas of those who gave birth. The use of judicial power will be crucial to see if the letter of the law was fulfilled in the administration of justice and how. But the court official confirmation or implementation of laws enacted by the legislature and the executive decrees issued therefore be necessary to rebuild the organizational charts of the judiciary from the study of official records and legislative debates in the province. ; Fil: Corva, María Angélica. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Esta ponencia es la presentación del proyecto de tesis, que tiene por objetivo estudiar el proceso de constitución y consolidación del poder judicial, responsable de la administración de justicia, como integrante del Estado provincial, legitimador de su accionar político y mediador con la sociedad civil. La investigación se ubica en la provincia de Buenos Aires, entre 1853 y 1881, que sancionó su propia Constitución en 1854, en la que declaraba en su artículo 118 que el poder judicial sería independiente de todo otro en el ejercicio de sus funciones. Es decir que en esta provincia la consagración de la teoría de los poderes del Estado y la ley como definidora de lo que era justo, requirieron de la organización del poder judicial. El sistema judicial de la provincia de Buenos Aires comenzó su formación como poder del Estado a partir de la reforma rivadaviana y el proceso alcanzó su madurez entre 1853 y 1881, como parte fundamental del proyecto liberal, asentado sobre la autoridad de la ley. El poder judicial garantizaba la legitimidad del sistema político republicano de matriz liberal, pero la dependencia con el poder ejecutivo se mantuvo en parte, representada en el presupuesto, los nombramientos y los jurys. La organización judicial en formación incluyó al ámbito rural con una fisonomía institucional que tendía a consolidar la relación entre Estado y sociedad civil; ésta manifestaba sus necesidades a través de la opinión pública y el poder las interpretaba con el fin de legitimar su acción política. En este proceso de legitimación, el poder judicial era funcional al Estado, lo que se consolidó con el tiempo. La Constitución de 1873, a pesar de ser ideal en algunas de sus propuestas, dio protagonismo y efectividad a las instituciones judiciales que se formaron y pusieron en funcionamiento con una nueva concepción de justicia, que sin dejar de lado el derecho natural se consolidaba en una función más positiva, atenta a los derechos individuales y de propiedad. Para comprender el rol que jugó el sistema de justicia en la formación del Estado es necesario desenmarañar la compleja trama de relaciones entre el poder político y los magistrados, y a su vez entre ellos y la sociedad. Pero esto no se puede realizar sin conocer y comprender que entendían por justicia, y definir de qué forma organizaron su administración. En la realización de esta investigación atenderé a las soluciones que el ordenamiento jurídico debía brindar a una determinada sociedad, las instituciones que lo formaron y las ideas de quienes lo gestaron. El uso de la fuente judicial será fundamental para observar si la letra de la ley fue cumplida en la administración de justicia y de qué manera. Pero esa fuente judicial confirmará o no la aplicación de las leyes dictadas por el poder legislativo y los decretos emanados del ejecutivo, por ello será necesario reconstruir los organigramas del Poder Judicial a partir del estudio de los Registros Oficiales y los debates legislativos de la provincia. ; This paper is the presentation of the thesis project aims to study the process of establishing and strengthening the judiciary, responsible for the administration of justice, as a member of the provincial state, legitimizing their political action and mediator with civil society. The research is located in the province of Buenos Aires, between 1853 and 1881, because despite having sworn not to the Constitution until 1860, passed its own constitution in 1854, which stated in Article 118 that the judiciary would be independent of any other in the exercise of their functions. This means that in this province the consecration of the theory of the branches of government and law as defining what was just, required the organization of the judiciary. The judicial system of the Province of Buenos Aires began his training as a power State from Rivadavia reform and the process reached maturity between 1853 and 1881, as a fundamental part of the liberal project, which sits on the authority of the law. The judiciary ensured the legitimacy of the political system matrix liberal Republican, but the dependence on the power axis remained in part, represented in the budget, appointments and jurys. The Judiciary in the rural area included training with the institutional features that tended to strengthen the relationship between state and civil society, stating its needs through the view to the public and interpreted in order to legitimize their political action. In this process of legitimation, the judiciary was functional to the State, which was consolidated over time. The Constitution of 1873, despite being ideal in some of its proposals, gave prominence and effectiveness of judicial institutions that were formed and put into operation with a new conception of justice, without ignoring the natural law was consolidated in a more positive role, listening to the individual and property rights. To understand the role played by the justice system in the formation of the state is necessary to unravel the complex web of relationships between political power and judges, and in turn between them and society . But this is not possible without knowing and understanding what they meant by justice, and to define how they organized their management. In conducting this research is to address the solutions to the legal system should provide to a particular society, the institutions that shaped him and the ideas of those who gave birth. The use of judicial power will be crucial to see if the letter of the law was fulfilled in the administration of justice and how. But the court official confirmation or implementation of laws enacted by the legislature and the executive decrees issued therefore be necessary to rebuild the organizational charts of the judiciary from the study of official records and legislative debates in the province. ; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

Abstract. The article reveals the essential characteristics of state youth policy, summarizes the main stages of formation and evolution of state policy in support of youth development. The historical aspect of the origin and implementation of the state youth policy at the highest level of government in the form of structures and bodies engaged in its development and coordination is indicated. The concepts of "youth" and "politics" are outlined as components of the concept of "youth policy". The subject and object in the field of youth support at the state level, the main purpose and objectives are highlighted. It is determined that the goal of state youth policy is perceived as the implementation of comprehensive, consistent and mutually agreed measures of public authorities, local governments and non-governmental organizations that actively represent the interests of the younger generation in the formation of state youth policy, as well as implementation and creation of social economic, political, organizational and legislative conditions in promoting education, employment, initiatives, creative and innovative activities of young people. State youth policy is defined as a priority and specific direction of the state, which is carried out in the interests of young people, society, state and taking into account state opportunities, its economic, social, historical, cultural development and world experience of state support for youth. Youth support takes place systematically, in the relationship between the state and the younger generation, youth groups or individuals. Implemented in the activities of all branches of government (legislative, executive, judicial), in order to provide socio-economic, political, organizational, legal conditions and guarantees for the vital self-determination of young people and the realization of all their goals and needs. It is noted that in modern conditions of development, relying on European experience and practice, the state youth policy of Ukraine requires immediate implementation and practical implementation of a set of measures, especially to address all employment issues, provide equal opportunities in the labor market, increase wages, assistance in small business development, etc. Therefore, solving all the problems of youth is a key moment in the implementation of state youth policy, and its proper education is a prospect for the effectiveness of state youth policy. Key words: youth, policy, youth policy, state youth policy, subjects of realization of the state youth policy, objects of the state youth policy, the purpose and tasks of the state youth policy, implementation of the youth policy. ; Аннотация. В статье раскрыто сущностные характеристики государственной молодежной политики, обобщены основные этапы формирования и эволюции государственной политики при поддержке развития молодежи. Указано исторический аспект происхождения и внедрение государственной молодежной политики на высшем властном уровне в виде структур и органов, занимающихся ее разработкой и координацией. Указанные понятия «молодежь» и «политика», как составляющие понятия «молодежной политики». Освещены субъект и объект в сфере поддержки молодежи на государственном уровне, основную цель и задачи. Определено, что цель государственной молодежной политики воспринимается как реализация всесторонних, последовательных и взаимно согласованных мероприятий органов государственной власти, органов местного самоуправления и неправительственных организаций, которые активно представляют интересы молодого поколения, в процессе формирования государственной молодежной политики, а также реализация и создание социально экономических, политических, организационных и законодательных условий в содействии развитию образования, занятости, инициативам, творческой и инновационной деятельности молодежи.Государственную молодежную политику принято определять приоритетным и специфическим направлением деятельности государства, которая осуществляется в интересах молодого человека, общества, государства с учетом государственных возможностей ее экономического, социального, исторического, культурного развития и мирового опыта государственной поддержки молодежи. Поддержка молодежи происходит системно, в соотношении между государством и молодым поколением, молодежными группировками или одной личностью. Реализуется в деятельности всех ветвей власти (законодательной, исполнительной, судебной), с целью предоставления социально-экономических, политических, организационных, правовых условий и гарантий для жизненного самоопределения молодежи и реализации всех своих целей и потребностей. Отмечено, что в современных условиях развития, полагаясь на Европейский опыт и практики, государственная молодежная политика Украины требует безотлагательного внедрения и практической реализации комплекса мероприятий, в особенности по решению всех проблемных вопросов по занятости, предоставления равных возможностей на рынке труда, повышение уровня оплаты труда, содействие в развитии малого бизнеса и тому подобное. Поэтому, решение всех проблем молодежи - ключевой момент в реализации государственной молодежной политики, а должное его воспитание - перспектива результативности государственной молодежной политики.Ключевые слова: молодежь, политика, молодежная политика, государственная молодежная политика, субъекты реализации государственной молодежной политики, объекты государственной молодежной политики, цели и задачи государственной молодежной политики, внедрение молодежной политики. ; Анотація. У статті розкрито сутнісні характеристики державної молодіжної політики, узагальнено основні етапи формування та еволюції державної політики за підтримки розвитку молоді. Зазначено історичний аспект походження й впровадження державної молодіжної політики на вищому владному рівні у вигляді структур й органів, які займаються її розробкою та координацією. Окреслені поняття «молодь» і «політика», як складові поняття «молодіжної політики». Висвітлено суб'єкт і об'єкт у сфері підтримки молоді на державному рівні, основну мету і завдання. Визначено, щомета державної молодіжної політики сприймається як реалізація всебічних, послідовних та взаємно-узгоджених заходів органів державної влади, органів місцевого самоврядування та неурядових організацій, які активно представляють інтереси молодого покоління, в процесі формування державної молодіжної політики, а також реалізація та створення соціально-економічних, політичних, організаційних та законодавчих умов у сприянні розвитку освіти, зайнятості, ініціативам, творчій та інноваційній діяльності молоді. Державну молодіжну політику прийнято визначати пріоритетним і специфічним напрямом діяльності держави, який здійснюється в інтересах молодої людини, суспільства, держави та з урахуванням державних можливостей, її економічного, соціального, історичного, культурного розвитку і світового досвіду державної підтримки молоді. Підтримка молоді відбувається системно, у співвідносинах між державою та молодим поколінням, молодіжними угрупуваннями чи однією особистістю. Реалізується в діяльності усіх гілок влади (законодавчої, виконавчої, судової), з метою надання соціально-економічних, політичних, організаційних, правових умов та гарантій для життєвого самовизначення молоді й реалізації усіх їхніх цілей і потреб. Зазначено, що в сучасних умовах розвитку, покладаючись на Європейський досвід і практики, державна молодіжна політика України вимагає невідкладного впровадження і практичної реалізації комплексу заходів, в особливості стосовно всіх проблемних питань із зайнятості, надання рівних можливостей на ринку праці, підвищення рівня оплати праці, сприяння у розвитку малого бізнесу тощо. Тож, розв'язання усіх проблем молоді - ключовий момент в реалізації державної молодіжної політики, а належне її виховання - перспектива результативності державної молодіжної політики. Ключові слова: молодь, політика, молодіжна політика, державна молодіжна політика, суб'єкти реалізації державної молодіжної політики, об'єкти державної молодіжної політики, мета та завдання державної молодіжної політики, впровадження молодіжної політики.

Problem setting. In order to ensure the proper effectiveness of state support for the development of education in the field of physical culture, it is necessary: synergy of efforts of the authorities, business and civil society; consistency of installations and actions – strategic (purpose, goals, vectors, tasks, roadmap, priorities and indicators) and tactical (action plan, implementation of measures, application of appropriate mechanisms, technologies, methods and management tools).Recent research and publications analysis. Different aspects of public administration in the field of physical culture and sports in Ukraine are covered in the works of B. Averyanov, O. Andriiko, V. Bazenko, E. Borodin, V. Huzar, M. Dutchak, V. Zhukov, I. Zaliubovska, N. Kalashnyk, V. Kudelko, O. Kuzmenko, C. Lishchuk, Y. Michuda, M. Oliinyk, M. Studenikina, in particular, the issues of management of educational development in the field of physical culture were studied by such scientists as: V. Andrushenko, T. Boichenko, C. Vavreniuk, V. Horaschuk, I. Hasiuk, O. Duboghai, M. Dutchak, O. Mozolev, L. Sushchenko, O. Shyyan. However, the analysis of the conformity of state policies concerning the provision of effective mechanisms for the development of education in the field of physical culture at the regional level in the conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine has not been carried out in modern scientific research.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. It is advisable to use theoretical generalizations about the conformity of state policies in the field of education and physical culture and sports as a methodological basis for determining ways, directions and effective mechanisms for the development of education in physical culture at the regional level in order to ensure sustainable development of the sphere of physical culture and sports in Ukraine in the context of decentralization of power.Paper main body. The term "education in the field of physical culture" is to be specified in the aspects of content and form in the categorical plane "physical culture - physical education - physical training - subjects of the field of physical culture and sports - institutions of physical culture and sports - citizens - public associations (institutes of civil society) of physical and sports orientation". It is found out that physical education combines two components – educational and physical training. The educational component of the activity of subjects of the physical culture sphere is synonymous with the concept of "education in the field of physical culture".Considering the different types of activity and its subjects, several meanings, according to its size and content, of the concept of "education in the field of physical culture" are distinguished: specialized education of sports direction; pedagogical education by the industry – 01 Education by training levels; education in physical culture and sports. There are analyzed: subjects of the field of physical culture and sports; forms (mechanisms, means) of assistance by public authorities and local self-government bodies in the development of physical culture in its main spheres; the role of the state in the issues of the personnel provision in the field of physical culture and sports, in particular, concerning the training, retraining and advanced training of personnel in this field, participation of the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine. The thesis is substantiated that ensuring the proper development of education in the field of physical culture is a comprehensive solution to the issues of education and physical culture, and that is why in the system of management in this field there is needed the consistency of the activity of the authorities of the general, interbranch (functional), branch (special) competence at central, regional and local levels and relevant structures of local self-government bodies, which should be incorporated at the stage of public policies' development. A general structural and functional model of providing education in the field of physical culture is suggested. Attention is drawn to the fact that: the consistency of activities of public administration entities and its effectiveness concerning the development of education in the field of physical culture is fundamentally formed on the awareness and recognition by them the social sense, the importance of their tasks and the area of their own responsibility for them; the conformity of the attitudes and content of public policies regarding the promotion of the development of education in the field of physical culture is advisable to be built in the plane of implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine 2020".State assistance for the development of education in the field of physical culture at the regional level is defined as the implementation through a set of measures, tools, mechanisms, forms and methods of a system of goals and objectives of public policy, consistent with the peculiarities of the historical, political, economic, social, environmental, humanitarian development of the region by means of the coordinated actions of central and local executive authorities, local self-government bodies and civil society institutions. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. State assistance of the education development in the field of physical culture is a complex systemic composition of interrelated and interdependent economic, social, and humanitarian components. The provisions of the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine 2020" are unwrapped (are developed, detailed, and specified) in the processes of development and implementation of relevant reforms and programs, which, due to the "genetic" origin out of the Strategy, are fundamentally consistent according to the content, mechanisms, procedures, time and the subjects of implementation. In this plane, state assistance for the development of education in the field of physical culture is a systemic process that is itself part of the system of public administration by the development of society. Considering the necessity to take into account the specificity of the development of regions, it is advisable to concentrate further scientific research on the problem of reflecting these features and needs in case of modelling and conducting the professional training of specialists in the physical culture and sports speciality. ; Обґрунтовано необхідність ефективного державного сприяння розвитку освіти у сфері фізичної культури як важливого фактора формування і розвитку фізичного, психічного, соціального та духовного здоров'я суспільства та його членів. Проаналізовано систему взаємовідносин між органами виконавчої влади, органами місцевого самоврядування, організаціями фізкультурно-спортивної спрямованості щодо розвитку освіти у сфері фізичної культури шляхом поліпшення її організаційного, нормативно-правового, кадрового, матеріально-технічного, фінансового, наукового, медичного, інформаційного забезпечення. Узагальнено концептуальні засади структурно-функціональної моделі узгодження державних політик щодо сприяння розвитку освіти у сфері фізичної культури.

Problem setting. In order to ensure the proper effectiveness of state support for the development of education in the field of physical culture, it is necessary: synergy of efforts of the authorities, business and civil society; consistency of installations and actions – strategic (purpose, goals, vectors, tasks, roadmap, priorities and indicators) and tactical (action plan, implementation of measures, application of appropriate mechanisms, technologies, methods and management tools).Recent research and publications analysis. Different aspects of public administration in the field of physical culture and sports in Ukraine are covered in the works of B. Averyanov, O. Andriiko, V. Bazenko, E. Borodin, V. Huzar, M. Dutchak, V. Zhukov, I. Zaliubovska, N. Kalashnyk, V. Kudelko, O. Kuzmenko, C. Lishchuk, Y. Michuda, M. Oliinyk, M. Studenikina, in particular, the issues of management of educational development in the field of physical culture were studied by such scientists as: V. Andrushenko, T. Boichenko, C. Vavreniuk, V. Horaschuk, I. Hasiuk, O. Duboghai, M. Dutchak, O. Mozolev, L. Sushchenko, O. Shyyan. However, the analysis of the conformity of state policies concerning the provision of effective mechanisms for the development of education in the field of physical culture at the regional level in the conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine has not been carried out in modern scientific research.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. It is advisable to use theoretical generalizations about the conformity of state policies in the field of education and physical culture and sports as a methodological basis for determining ways, directions and effective mechanisms for the development of education in physical culture at the regional level in order to ensure sustainable development of the sphere of physical culture and sports in Ukraine in the context of decentralization of power.Paper main body. The term "education in the field of physical culture" is to be specified in the aspects of content and form in the categorical plane "physical culture - physical education - physical training - subjects of the field of physical culture and sports - institutions of physical culture and sports - citizens - public associations (institutes of civil society) of physical and sports orientation". It is found out that physical education combines two components – educational and physical training. The educational component of the activity of subjects of the physical culture sphere is synonymous with the concept of "education in the field of physical culture".Considering the different types of activity and its subjects, several meanings, according to its size and content, of the concept of "education in the field of physical culture" are distinguished: specialized education of sports direction; pedagogical education by the industry – 01 Education by training levels; education in physical culture and sports. There are analyzed: subjects of the field of physical culture and sports; forms (mechanisms, means) of assistance by public authorities and local self-government bodies in the development of physical culture in its main spheres; the role of the state in the issues of the personnel provision in the field of physical culture and sports, in particular, concerning the training, retraining and advanced training of personnel in this field, participation of the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine. The thesis is substantiated that ensuring the proper development of education in the field of physical culture is a comprehensive solution to the issues of education and physical culture, and that is why in the system of management in this field there is needed the consistency of the activity of the authorities of the general, interbranch (functional), branch (special) competence at central, regional and local levels and relevant structures of local self-government bodies, which should be incorporated at the stage of public policies' development. A general structural and functional model of providing education in the field of physical culture is suggested. Attention is drawn to the fact that: the consistency of activities of public administration entities and its effectiveness concerning the development of education in the field of physical culture is fundamentally formed on the awareness and recognition by them the social sense, the importance of their tasks and the area of their own responsibility for them; the conformity of the attitudes and content of public policies regarding the promotion of the development of education in the field of physical culture is advisable to be built in the plane of implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine 2020".State assistance for the development of education in the field of physical culture at the regional level is defined as the implementation through a set of measures, tools, mechanisms, forms and methods of a system of goals and objectives of public policy, consistent with the peculiarities of the historical, political, economic, social, environmental, humanitarian development of the region by means of the coordinated actions of central and local executive authorities, local self-government bodies and civil society institutions. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. State assistance of the education development in the field of physical culture is a complex systemic composition of interrelated and interdependent economic, social, and humanitarian components. The provisions of the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine 2020" are unwrapped (are developed, detailed, and specified) in the processes of development and implementation of relevant reforms and programs, which, due to the "genetic" origin out of the Strategy, are fundamentally consistent according to the content, mechanisms, procedures, time and the subjects of implementation. In this plane, state assistance for the development of education in the field of physical culture is a systemic process that is itself part of the system of public administration by the development of society. Considering the necessity to take into account the specificity of the development of regions, it is advisable to concentrate further scientific research on the problem of reflecting these features and needs in case of modelling and conducting the professional training of specialists in the physical culture and sports speciality. ; Обґрунтовано необхідність ефективного державного сприяння розвитку освіти у сфері фізичної культури як важливого фактора формування і розвитку фізичного, психічного, соціального та духовного здоров'я суспільства та його членів. Проаналізовано систему взаємовідносин між органами виконавчої влади, органами місцевого самоврядування, організаціями фізкультурно-спортивної спрямованості щодо розвитку освіти у сфері фізичної культури шляхом поліпшення її організаційного, нормативно-правового, кадрового, матеріально-технічного, фінансового, наукового, медичного, інформаційного забезпечення. Узагальнено концептуальні засади структурно-функціональної моделі узгодження державних політик щодо сприяння розвитку освіти у сфері фізичної культури.

Представленная тема исследования особенно актуальна в условиях развития рыночных отношений в России, когда обозначились проблемы, решение которых обуславливает положительные результаты реформирования экономической системы, важное место в которой занимает оборонно-промышленный комплекс (ОПК). Среди них особую актуальность приобретают те, которые связаны с необходимостью формирования таких экономических отношений, которые бы обеспечивали и гарантировали эффективное, конкурентоспособное и устойчивое развитие оборонных предприятий. В новых экономических условиях возникла необходимость решения проблем финансового обеспечения организаций оборонно-промышленного комплекса, создание эффективной системы управления этим процессом в кризисный период и необходимости поиска путей стабилизации воспроизводственного процесса в России. Превращение потенциальных военно-экономических возможностей в реальную военную мощь происходит на основе функционирования военной экономики, обеспечивающей производство и распределение вооружений и военной техники. Военная экономика отвечает, с одной стороны, экономическим возможностям страны, с другой характеру и требованиям современной войны. Она призвана обеспечить поддержание постоянной высокой боеготовности вооруженных сил и должна быть способна быстро наращивать свою мощь до уровня, необходимого для срыва военной агрессии. Проблемы реализации военно-экономического потен циала определяются степенью использования военно-экономических возможностей, а также эффективностью использования финансовых ресурсов. Цель / задачи: Целью статьи является анализ проблем по формированию и исполнению расходов на оборону. Задачи статьи: выявить особенности исполнения оборонной составляющей федерального бюджета в кризисном периоде экономического развития РФ. Методология: Методической основой данной статьи являются экономико-статистические методы анализа. Результаты: Учитывая, что управления ОПК будут преобразованы, необходимо использовать положительный международный экономический опыт для обеспечения устойчивости их финансового обеспечения. Вместе с тем, в интересах государства и общества создание системы эффективного финансирования предприятий ОПК тре бует особого подхода в силу следующих причин: наличие эффективной системы финансирования предприятий ОПК необходимо для обеспечения экономической безопасности страны; создание механизма перераспределения финансовых ресурсов посредством экономического преобразования усиливает контроль государства за целевым использования финансовых средств; необходимы, новые подходы к оценке и принятию решений по усовершенствованию финансовой устойчивости предприятий ОПК. От стабильного финансового положения предприятия ОПК зависит и развитие экономики в целом. Проведенное исследование дает основание утверждать, что в настоящее время в России замедлились темпы развития предприятий ОПК, сложилась несбалансированная отраслевая структура. В связи с этим исследование проблем, связанных с разработкой инструментария теоретической и практической оценки финансового обеспечения предприятий ОПК требует повышенного внимания. Осуществление рациональной финансово-экономической политики, совершенствование финансовой поддержки предприятий оборонно-промышленного комплекса со стороны государства, определение путей повышения финансовой устойчивости в период трансформации рыночной экономики является объективной необходимостью. Выводы / значимость: Практическая значимость работы заключается в ориентации положений, выводов и рекомендаций работы на широкое использование при совершенствовании механизма обеспечения оборонной безопасности, а предложения, изложенные в статье (по совершенствованию системы планирования и использования средств, выделяемых из бюджета страны на оборону) могут использоваться законодательными и исполнительными органами Российской Федерации, в том числе и Министерством обороны, в текущей деятельности. ; The presented research topic is particularly relevant in terms of development of market relations in Russia, when indicated problems whose solution determines the positive results of reforming the economic system, an important place in which occupies the military-industrial complex (MIC). Among them special urgency are those that relate to the need to develop such economic relations that would ensure and guarantee the efficiency, competitiveness and sustainability of defense enterprises. In the new economic conditions, it became necessary to address the problems of financial security organizations, the military-industrial complex, the creation of an effective system to manage this process during the crisis and the need to find ways to stabilize the reproduction process in Russia. The conversion of potential military-economic opportunities in the real military power takes place on the basis of the functioning of the military economy that ensures the production and distribution of arms and military equipment. The war economy is responsible, on the one hand, the economic opportunities of the country, on the other the nature and requirements of modern warfare. It is designed to ensure the maintenance of a constant high combat readiness of the armed forces and must be able to rapidly increase its power to the level required for the breakdown of military aggression. Problems of realization of military and economic potential are determined by the degree of use of the military and economic opportunities, as well as the eff ective use of financial resources. Objectives: The aim of the article is to analyze the problems of the formation and execution of defense spending. Objectives of the article: identify design characteristics of the defense component of the federal budget during the crisis of Economic Development. Methods: Methodological basis of this article are of economic and statistical methods of analysis. Results: Given that the management of the defense industry will be converted, you must use the positive experience of the international economic order to ensure the sustainability of their financial security. However, in the interests of the state and society to establish an efficient funding of defense enterprises requires a special approach for the following reasons: an effective system of financing of defense enterprises need to ensure the economic security of the country; establish a mechanism of redistribution of financial resources through economic transformation strengthens state control over the targeted use of funds; necessary, new approaches to the assessment and decision-making to improve the financial sustainability of defense enterprises. From a stable financial situation of the company and the development of DIC depends on the economy as a whole. The study gives reason to believe that at the present time in Russia slowed down the pace of development of defense industry enterprises, has developed an unbalanced branch structure. In this regard, the study of problems related to the development of theoretical and practical tools for assessing the fi nancial security of defense enterprises require special attention. The implementation of sound fi nancial and economic policy, improving financial support to enterprises of the military-industrial complex of the state, identifying ways to improve the financial sustainability in transformation of the market economy is an objective necessity. Conclusions and Relevance: The practical significance of the work lies in the orientation of the provisions of the conclusions and recommendations of the work on the widespread use in improving the mechanism for defense and security, and the proposals contained in the article (to improve the planning and use of funds allocated from the state budget on defense) may be used by the legislative and executive bodies the Russian Federation, including the Ministry of Defence, in the current activity.

Importance: The presented research topic is particularly relevant in terms of development of market relations inRussia, when indicated problems whose solution determines the positive results of reforming the economic system, an important place in which occupies the militaryindustrial complex (MIC). Among them special urgency are those that relate to the need to develop such economic relations that would ensure and guarantee the efficiency, competitiveness and sustainability of defense enterprises. In the new economic conditions, it became necessary to address the problems of financial security organizations, the military-industrial complex, the creation of an effective system to manage this process during the crisis and the need to find ways to stabilize the reproduction process inRussia. The conversion of potential military-economic opportunities in the real military power takes place on the basis of the functioning of the military economy that ensures the production and distribution of arms and military equipment. The war economy is responsible, on the one hand, the economic opportunities of the country, on the other – the nature and requirements of modern warfare. It is designed to ensure the maintenance of a constant high combat readiness of the armed forces and must be able to rapidly increase its power to the level required for the breakdown of military aggression. Problems of realization of military and economic potential are determined by the degree of use of the military and economic opportunities, as well as the effective use of financial resources.Objectives: The aim of the article is to analyze the problems of the formation and execution of defense spending. Objectives of the article: identify design characteristics of the defense component of the federal budget during the crisis of Economic Development. Methods: Methodological basis of this article are of economic and statistical methods of analysis.Results: Given that the management of the defense industry will be converted, you must use the positive experience of the international economic order to ensure the sustainability of their financial security. However, in the interests of the state and society to establish an efficient funding of defense enterprises requires a special approach for the following reasons: an effective system of financing of defense enterprises need to ensure the economic security of the country; establish a mechanism of redistribution of financial resources through economic transformation strengthens state control over the targeted use of funds; necessary, new approaches to the assessment and decision-making to improve the financial sustainability of defense enterprises. From a stable financial situation of the company and the development of DIC depends on the economy as a whole. The study gives reason to believe that at the present time inRussiaslowed down the pace of development of defense industry enterprises, has developed an unbalanced branch structure. In this regard, the study of problems related to the development of theoretical and practical tools for assessing the financial security of defense enterprises require special attention. The implementation of sound financial and economic policy, improving financial support to enterprises of the military-industrial complex of the state, identifying ways to improve the financial sustainability in transformation of the market economy is an objective necessity.Conclusions and Relevance: The practical significance of the work lies in the orientation of the provisions of the conclusions and recommendations of the work on the widespread use in improving the mechanism for defense and security, and the proposals contained in the article (to improve the planning and use of funds allocated from the state budget on defense) may be used by the legislative and executive bodies the Russian Federation, including the Ministry of Defence, in the current activity. ; Предмет / тема: Представленная тема исследования особенно актуальна в условиях развития рыночных отношений в России, когда обозначились проблемы, решение которых обуславливает положительные результаты реформирования экономической системы, важное место в которой занимает оборонно-промышленный комплекс (ОПК). Среди них особую актуальность приобретают те, которые связаны с необходимостью формирования таких экономических отношений, которые бы обеспечивали и гарантировали эффективное, конкурентоспособное и устойчивое развитие оборонных предприятий. В новых экономических условиях возникла необходимость решения проблем финансового обеспечения организаций оборонно-промышленного комплекса, создание эффективной системы управления этим процессом в кризисный период и необходимости поиска путей стабилизации воспроизводственного процесса в России. Превращение потенциальных военно-экономических возможностей в реальную военную мощь происходит на основе функционирования военной экономики, обеспечивающей производство и распределение вооружений и военной техники. Военная экономика отвечает, с одной стороны, экономическим возможностям страны, с другой – характеру и требованиям современной войны. Она призвана обеспечить поддержание постоянной высокой боеготовности вооруженных сил и должна быть способна быстро наращивать свою мощь до уровня, необходимого для срыва военной агрессии. Проблемы реализации военно-экономического потенциала определяются степенью использования военно-экономических возможностей, а также эффективностью использования финансовых ресурсов.Цель / задачи: Целью статьи является анализ проблем по формированию и исполнению расходов на оборону. Задачи статьи: выявить особенности исполнения оборонной составляющей федерального бюджета в кризисном периоде экономического развития РФ. Методология: Методической основой данной статьи являются экономико-статистические методы анализа. Результаты: Учитывая, что управления ОПК будут преобразованы, необходимо использовать положительный международный экономический опыт для обеспечения устойчивости их финансового обеспечения. Вместе с тем, в интересах государства и общества создание системы эффективного финансирования предприятий ОПК требует особого подхода в силу следующих причин: наличие эффективной системы финансирования предприятий ОПК необходимо для обеспечения экономической безопасности страны; создание механизма перераспределения финансовых ресурсов посредством экономического преобразования усиливает контроль государства за целевым использования финансовых средств; необходимы, новые подходы к оценке и принятию решений по усовершенствованию финансовой устойчивости предприятий ОПК. От стабильного финансового положения предприятия ОПК зависит и развитие экономики в целом. Проведенное исследование дает основание утверждать, что в настоящее время в России замедлились темпы развития предприятий ОПК, сложилась несбалансированная отраслевая структура. В связи с этим исследование проблем, связанных с разработкой инструментария теоретической и практической оценки финансового обеспечения предприятий ОПК требует повышенного внимания. Осуществление рациональной финансово-экономической политики, совершенствование финансовой поддержки предприятий оборонно-промышленного комплекса со стороны государства, определение путей повышения финансовой устойчивости в период трансформации рыночной экономики является объективной необходимостью.Выводы / значимость: Практическая значимость работы заключается в ориентации положений, выводов и рекомендаций работы на широкое использование при совершенствовании механизма обеспечения оборонной безопасности, а предложения, изложенные в статье (по совершенствованию системы планирования и использования средств, выделяемых из бюджета страны на оборону) могут использоваться законодательными и исполнительными органами Российской Федерации, в том числе и Министерством обороны, в текущей деятельности.

L'articolo ripercorre la vicenda professionale e umana di Anita Mondolfo (Senigallia, 1886-1977), figura di indiscutibile originalità nel panorama bibliotecario italiano, che - per le sue origini ebraiche e per le convinzioni politiche non allineate - dovette subire le persecuzioni del regime fascista. Laureatasi all'Istituto di studi superiori pratici e di perfezionamento a Firenze - una scuola di studi rigorosi e di severità intellettuale e morale - dopo la specializzazione in paleografia, la Mondolfo intraprende per scelta (ma sarebbe più giusto dire per vocazione) la carriera nelle biblioteche governative. Prima sede di servizio è la Biblioteca nazionale di S. Marco a Venezia (1909-1911), dalla quale viene trasferita, per suo espresso desiderio, alla Nazionale centrale di Firenze (1911), dove in breve diventa responsabile delle sale di consultazione. Negli anni della prima guerra mondiale frequenta gli ambienti antifascisti e partecipa ad iniziative di soccorso in favore dei profughi rifugiatisi a Firenze, avvicinandosi alle idee di Gaetano Salvemini e Piero Calamandrei, al cui movimento parteciperà più direttamente nel secondo dopoguerra (sarà candidata con "Unità Popolare" alle elezioni del 1953). Risale probabilmente a questo periodo la conoscenza di Croce e Gentile, che avranno un ruolo centrale nei momenti cruciali della sua biografia. Dopo due anni di reggenza della Biblioteca governativa di Lucca (1926-1928), la Mondolfo viene chiamata a dirigere la Marucelliana di Firenze (1928-1936), dove dà prova di notevoli doti organizzative continuando l'azione intrapresa anni prima da Guido Biagi. Spinta dalla preoccupazione di conservare il suo lavoro (da lei più volte definito «lo scopo della mia vita») che sente minacciato dalla progressiva irreggimentazione ideologica, si iscrive - seppur tardivamente - al Fascio di Firenze: è il 1933, anno in cui l'appartenenza al partito diventa requisito obbligatorio per i dipendenti pubblici. Nel 1936 è chiamata a ricoprire la direzione della Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Firenze, dove dà inizio a uno schema unificato di soggetti che, col titolo di Soggettario per i cataloghi delle biblioteche italiane, uscirà nel 1956 con la sua prefazione. Circa un anno dopo, il Ministero le comunica il trasferimento alla Biblioteca universitaria di Padova: da tempo la Mondolfo era sorvegliata dalla questura fiorentina (che aveva anche intercettato una sua lettera diretta all'«oppositore Benedetto Croce»), e le era stata, inoltre, annullata d'ufficio l'iscrizione al PNF. Riesce - con l'aiuto di Gentile - a essere mandata a Roma, dove lavorerà alla collana ministeriale «Indici e cataloghi delle biblioteche italiane» e alla redazione dell'Enciclopedia italiana, alla quale collaborava già da qualche anno. Con l'applicazione delle leggi razziali (1938) Anita Mondolfo viene licenziata dal Ministero e collocata in pensione. Il 10 giugno 1940, giorno dell'entrata in guerra dell'Italia, è tratta in arresto come «ebrea antifascista» giudicata «capace di turbare l'ordine pubblico in tempi eccezionali». Dopo alcuni giorni di detenzione nel carcere di Regina Coeli, viene tradotta a Montemurro (Potenza) e poi a Senigallia, entrambe località d'internamento per dissidenti politici: dovrà attendere il dicembre del 1942 quando - per intervento di Gentile - potrà tornare libera in seguito alla grazia concessale da Mussolini. Dopo la Liberazione riesce, con qualche difficoltà, a essere reintegrata al suo posto di direttrice della Nazionale (che, nel frattempo, il Ministero aveva affidato ad Anna Saitta Revignas): riorganizza la biblioteca e la dirige, con riconosciuta autorevolezza e competenza, dal 1945 fino al 1953, anno in cui le viene conferito l'incarico di ispettrice generale bibliografica, col quale chiuderà la sua carriera (1955). Nel corso della sua lunga attività Anita Mondolfo ha dato un apporto fondamentale ai più importanti temi di politica bibliotecaria, intervenendo ai congressi dell'AIB (lungimirante, in quello del 1931, la sua proposta di «accentramento di schedatura»), ricoprendo importanti incarichi (fu membro del Centro nazionale per il catalogo unico e docente di biblioteconomia all'Università di Firenze), pubblicando contributi originali sulle principali riviste e repertori italiani. I suoi scritti sono riuniti per la prima volta nell'esauriente bibliografia che segue all'articolo, omaggio postumo a una singolare figura di bibliotecaria sino ad oggi non abbastanza ricordata dalle nostre riviste professionali. ; The article traces the professional and personal history of Anita Mondolfo, an Italian librarian of Jewish origins who in 1940, on the day (June 10th) of the declaration of war, was arrested and accused of being an element capable of disrupting the public order in exceptional times. She, then at the age of 54, was released only in December 1942, after two and a half years of political confinement. Born in Senigallia in 1886, even as a teenager Anita Mondolfo was conspicuous by her temperament, which was inclined to literature and study. After high school, she studied philosophy and philology at Florence's Institute of Higher Practical Studies (today's University). After a short period as a teacher, she was appointed assistant librarian in 1909 and from 1911 worked at the National Central Library of Florence, where she was responsible for the reference department. During the First World War, Mondolfo worked for soldiers and their families, being an active participant in solidarity and aid initiatives. Matured by the experiences of difficult years, Mondolfo increasingly rejected the culture and rhetoric of the fascist regime, a rejection which was to become more radical over the years. Hers was not so much political acceptance of the ideas of her many antifascist friends, but rather a sort of intellectual and moral attraction. In 1926 she was appointed to her first executive position, as director of the State Library of Lucca, and in 1928 she moved to Florence's Marucelliana Library. In 1931 she was one of the speakers at the first conference of the Association of Italian Librarians, where she proposed arrangements for central and cooperative cataloguing. In 1933 she joined the Florence branch of the Fascist Party, because membership was mandatory for public servants. In 1936, she was appointed director of the National Library of Florence, a post from which she was dismissed a year later because she was considered an opponent of the fascist regime. Until her confinement Anita Mondolfo lived in Rome, working for the national series of printed library catalogues («Indici e cataloghi») and the Enciclopedia italiana. After the Liberation, in 1945, Anita Mondolfo was reappointed as director of the National Library of Florence, where she undertook various projects, including the revision of the alphabetical catalogues and of the reference rooms, as well as the updating of the subject headings. Of Mondolfo's long career, we would mention also a number of publications (an exhaustive bibliography is appended) and her activities as a lecturer at the School for Librarians and Archivists-Palaeographers of Florence. Anita Mondolfo died in Senigallia in 1977, aged 91.

Critics derisively call him "King" – or "Queen,"
given his penchant for drama during Bossier City Council meetings – but disclosure
data demonstrate that among Bossier Parish officials Republican Councilor David
Montgomery truly is the monarch when it comes to grifting taxpayer dollars, something
about which the city's Charter Review Commission should take notice and repair,
along with a couple of other potential conflicts.

Financial disclosure forms for Louisiana elected
and appointed officials, except judges who don't have to file, were due May 15,
detailing 2023 activities. Of the 52 such Bossier officials from government
bodies or executive offices that have taxing authority and whose jurisdictions
are almost exclusively within the parish and are sufficiently large – the
Police Jury, School Board, Bossier City, the Levee Board, the Cypress Black
Bayou Commissioners, sheriff, assessor, clerk of court, and coroner – of the 50
required to file (because two appointees only assumed their posts earlier this
year), 40 did so by the end of last week.

In all but two cases, in their reporting about
compensation they or their spouses received from other governments they listed
items such as salary (including if a spouse worked for a government), money
received for serving on a board connected to their positions, or pension
payments, with two exceptions. One
was recently-elected Republican Coroner Mike Williams, who received in 2023 over
$37,000 as he serves, and has for 23 years, as medical director for city fire,
police, and emergency medical services.

The other was Montgomery. He reported from his
position with the family
insurance firm (a half-owner) or in one instance on his own raking in $202,313
for insurance sales to seven different local governments with a Bossier
presence. This means since 2008, the first year state law had changed to
require this disclosure, Montgomery has gotten $3,172,612 from Bossier-based
governments (although none from the city, as it is illegal for an entity's
elected officials to do business with it).

That figure is likely a few hundred thousand
dollars greater for Montgomery's time in office, since he was elected first in
2001. He reported about
$60,000 in the first year of required disclosure, so an estimate of his
total earnings from local taxpayers during his entire time in office could be
over $3.5 million. Possibly he has one of the highest totals of any elected
official in Louisiana since the institution of disclosure.

Some of his buyers he has authority over with his
position as councilor, along with other councilors. For example, the Council
selects a member of the Cypress
Black Bayou Recreation and Water Conservation District Commission, and it occasionally
doles out funds to Visit
Shreveport-Bossier, formerly called the Shreveport-Bossier Convention and
Tourist Bureau, most recently
this spring.

This raises serious ethical issues about whether Montgomery
ever has used his position to entice business from these taxpayer-funded entities,
although it is not illegal for him to have a business relationship with any
government entity except for Bossier City. Nor is there any evidence that he
has pressured, by whatever means through his position, any local government
into doing business with him.

But even the appearance of possible impropriety should
not be encouraged by him and these entities in their dealings. Unknown is how
these agencies go about awarding insurance contracts and whether they use an
open and competitive bidding process; some have been Montgomery clients for 15
years. Possibly Montgomery is an incredible insurance agent who underbids
everybody and provides great service, but public records requests of this
various agency clients likely would reveal he annually racks up a series of
no-bid contracts, with a likely unspoken and unwritten motive of the buyers
being a desire to keep on his good side lest he and his political allies make
trouble for them, something that doesn't require an explicit or even indirectly
acknowledged quid quo pro relationship or any communications between he
and they other than those strictly business in nature, nor does it require that
he have any motive to leverage his elected position into drumming up business
as the perception that he could is what matters.

This possibility of unethical behavior by a city
elected official in his business dealings, or the perception of other governments
over which one can exert some kind of authority that they have to shape their
business dealings to please such an official whether that official makes such
demands, should be addressed by the city's ongoing Charter Review Commission. A
revised charter could have inserted a passage dictating that any of its elected
officials cannot do business with any governmental entity with any jurisdiction
in Bossier Parish or with any other entity established by ordinance or state
law that receives appropriations from the city the year after that
appropriation, and that no such business can be conducted until four years have
passed after leaving city office.

While the example of Montgomery points to a major
deficiency in city ethics regulation, a couple of other lesser cases also
deserve attention in any charter revisions. Republican Santi Parks was elected city
judge in 2020, yet as in the case of all past city judges is not prohibited by statute
to run a law practice on the side. Judges don't have to file disclosure
statements, but because his wife GOP Police Juror Julianna
Parks must, information is present on his activities. In 2023,
besides his salary (over $110,000, paid in part by the city court and the rest
by the city) he earned over $55,000 from what she described as "Judicial Branch
of Louisiana," but, more relevantly, earned over $100,000 from his private law
practice in its entirety.

Problematically, potential lenient treatment of
individuals in court could be leveraged to drive business a judge's way, even
as there is no evidence Parks ever has engaged in this, solicited this, or been
motivated to act this way. The state's Civil Code of Procedure
provides for recusal by a judge, which in this instance likely lands the case
in a district court or requires appointment of an ad hoc judge, but it's
not automatic and it's best to avoid all the involved procedures in the first
place. Here again, a charter change could prohibit the city judge from earning
any outside income, who takes home a nice chunk of change from his salary in
any event, as a means of avoiding these situations.

Finally, the city recently appointed Jerry Wilhite
to serve on the Cypress Black Bayou Commission. Wilhite disclosed
his more than 10 percent ownership in Wilhite Electric, which occasionally lands
city contracts (the latest such being last
year). The charter revision could prohibit a firm of which any of its
appointees to other local governments that own at least a tenth stake in it
from competing for any city contracts.

As long as a charter review is underway, best
practices demand any end product include tightening existing ethics loopholes that
decrease citizen confidence that city elected officials and their appointees don't
use their positions or relationships to feather their own nests.