Suchergebnisse

When using the rating and weighting (RAW) method in land suitability assessment, planners often substitute the theoretical weight-value range [0, 1] with a weight-value set, an ordered set of discrete values reduced from the continuous weight-value range. In constructing such a weight-value set, one needs to decide on how many weight values should be used (size of the value set) and where in the value range they should be placed (the choice of weight values). At present, one must make these decisions and defend their credibility on the basis of "professional judgments", as a theoretical framework for such purposes is simply not available. Can a theoretical framework be established so that one can make these decisions systematically? If so, is it advantageous to use such a framework, instead of the existing methods, in constructing weight-value sets? In this paper these two issues are explored. I found that the theoretical weight-value range [0, 1] is actually sliced into segments; that in producing land suitability scores, weight-value sets that are constructed from these segments function just as effectively as the weight-value range; and that a five-rule framework comprised of these weight-value sets offers a higher level of efficiency and greater transparency than existing methods.

"A Business Continuity Management System (BCMS) is a management framework that creates controls to address risks and measure an organization's ability to manage disruptions. The International Standard, ISO 22301, helps protect against the threats, including natural disaster, IT failure, staff illness, terrorist threat or a disruption in the supply chain. It provides a framework for assessing critical suppliers and their associated risks, assessing current business practices and planning contingency measures, so when disruptions happen, businesses are prepared and able to respond effectively.Business Continuity Management System offers a complete guide to implementing a fit-for-purpose resilience capability in any organization. Structured in line with ISO22301 and with a focus on performance improvement throughout, chapters cover developing, establishing and operating a BCMS initiative. Built upon the principles of the International Standard and current best practice, with a practical focus on theories and models, this book offers an objective, thorough solution for the practitioner. "--

AbstractCareer plateauing has been described as a subjective state that is emotionally unpleasant and associated with unethical work behaviors, yet there is little theoretical explanation or robust evidence to support such claims. This study contributes a theoretical framework for the relationships between career plateauing, emotions, and counterproductive work behaviors (CWB). Building on the stressor‐emotion model of CWB, we propose that employees who perceive themselves as experiencing plateau are likely to commit CWB when they experience negative emotions. We also predict that the strength of this process depends on individuals' emotion regulation ability. Through regression analysis of data from 193 UK‐based employees across three time points, our study finds that both hierarchical and job content plateauing are associated with negative emotions and indirectly related to CWB via negative emotions; neither plateau type is directly related to CWB. Additionally, lower emotion regulation ability strengthens the relationship between job content plateauing and negative emotions, leading to more CWB. This study offers a novel theoretical explanation of how plateauing affects employees' emotions and deviant behaviors. It also provides important practical guidance for managers by showing that plateaued employees are not inherently problematic to the organization. By proactively understanding and managing plateaued individuals' feelings, managers can more likely prevent negative emotions from triggering deviant behaviors.

A new approach to button design has recently been proposed that uses natural segments, instead of even intervals, on the weight value range in determining the number of tabs that should be incorporated in a button system and the value each button carries. Button systems so designed do not have the problems of redundancy and underrepresentation that are common to the conventionally designed button systems. Presently limited to the map overlays that involve only two parent maps, this approach is extended to the case of three parent maps in this paper.

Participation of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) is important in emergency management because NPOs often work in conjunction with governments to offer assistance and resources in the emergency management process. NPO participation in disaster relief efforts is a valuable experience for public officials and practitioners, but research investigating NPOs&rsquo ; experiences in disaster relief efforts is limited. This study examines Taiwan&rsquo ; s NPO collaboration mechanisms during disaster relief efforts and specifically examines the lessons drawn from two major catastrophes by focusing on the opinions of NPO managers in the 88 Flooding Service Alliance who joined the disaster relief operation for the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China and 2009 Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan. The vital strategies and factors that contributed to successful NPO collaborations in disaster relief operations were determined through a survey on NPOs&rsquo ; strategies for resource sharing and service integration and semi-structured interviews with 19 NPO managers. The findings indicate that NPO engagement in disaster services was crucial for the relief efforts of the two disaster events, and that long-term disaster service alliances are effective mechanisms for emergency collaboration in relief work.

Volunteers play a vital role in helping local schools accomplish their goals and missions. Yet, little is known about the determinants of volunteering in local schools. This study expects that community factors, citizens' concerns, and personal characteristics are possible determinants of general and school volunteering. Utilizing a 2007 survey from a local county, this study finds that citizens receiving public assistance or having higher satisfaction with their local community are more likely to volunteer in any type of organizations. Moreover, having children under the age of 18, concerns about the availability of affordable child care, and working in the education sector are positively related to school volunteering. Implications for research and practice are addressed.

Land-development scenarios as a means of representing the future have been in the planner's toolkit for several decades. In this paper we provide a systematic view of four basic issues that concern scenarists and scenario users—the concepts, functions, credentials, and efficacy of land-development scenarios. Drawing upon the wealthy and expanding pool of knowledge and experience as reported in the literature, we put forward the notion that a land-development scenario set is both a bridge that connects the process of modeling with that of planning and a cognitive apparatus that stretches people's thinking and broadens their views in planning. The dual function entitles a scenario set to be a favored member of a family of innate instruments that humans operate in making decisions. Under this overarching framework, we propose three credentials that are by no means exhaustive yet are claimed to be essential for a scenario set to perform best the dual function. These are plausible unexpectedness, informational vividness, and cognitively ergonomic design. After exploring the efficacy issue of a scenario set with respect to its impacts on communities at large, we suggest that basic research efforts be underway that aim at the development of unified theories of land-development scenarios, or even scenarios in general, under a possible name of scenariology—the study of scenarios.

Buttons or tabs are function keys on a computer screen that are designed to facilitate users' direct manipulations. One increasingly popular application of the button technique in a GIS environment is weighted map overlays for land suitability assessment. Here, buttons are coded with weighting values to indicate maps' importance to their associations. There are, however, a number of flaws in the existing button designs that can affect the quality of land-suitability assessment. In this paper, we first examine two common problems of redundancy and underrepresentation in button design, and then present a button system that is free from these problems.

AbstractRisk perception varies across contexts like different risk agents and cultures. The roles of trust, confidence in authorities, and responsibility attribution in natural hazards risk perception are understudied. In this paper, the correlations between trust in authorities, confidence in authorities, responsibility attribution, and natural hazards (typhoon and earthquake) risk perception are explored using an updated representative data set from Taiwan (the 2013 and 2019 Taiwan Social Change Survey). The perceived probability, perceived controllability, and degree of worriment were used as the three dimensions of risk perception in the 2013 survey, while only the worrisome dimension was included in the 2019 survey. The results of Ordered Logit Models demonstrate that trust in authorities and confidence in authorities' disaster response are only negatively associated with the perceived consequence of typhoons, not the probability or worrisome dimensions. The responsibility attribution and risk perception's correlations are only significant for the perceived probability of an earthquake. On the contrary, variables like disaster experience, family income, and educational attainment have more consistent effects, either in 2013 or 2019. This paper highlights the importance of the risk perception measurements and contexts of hazards in investigating the roles of trust, confidence, and responsibility attribution in natural hazards scenarios.