Letter sent from Dr. Pedro Rodgriguez Lomelí to General Plutarco Elías Calles, asking him to intercede before Mr. Octavio Véjar Vázquez, secretary of Public Education, so that he is not removed from the position of School Physician of the Incorporated Private Schools of the state of Jalisco for the intrigues which the Director of Education, Professor Hilarión Ruvalcaba, and the archbishop go against him. General Calles replied that he cannot intercede with the secretary because they are not friends, but that he will look among his friends to find a suitable person to do so. / Carta que envía el doctor Pedro Rodríguez Lomelí al general PEC solicitándole que interceda por él ante el licenciado Octavio Véjar Vázquez, secretario de Educación Pública, para que no sea removido del cargo de Médico Escolar de las Escuelas Particulares Incorporadas del estado de Jalisco por las intrigas que realizan en su contra los padres de familia, el Director de Educación, profesor Hilarión Ruvalcaba, y el arzobispo de ese lugar; contestándole el general Calles que no puede interceder ante dicho secretario por no llevar amistad con él pero que buscará entre sus amigos alguna persona adecuada para hacer la gestión a que se refiere.
Continuation of Gen. Obregón's decree denouncing the dynamite attack of November 13th, 1927, which includes the statements of Gen. Obregón, Misters Juan H. Jaime, Arturo H. Orcí, B.A., Tomás P. Bay, Ignacio Otero, Antonio y Juan Tirado, Eng. Luis Segura Vilchis, Humberto Pro Juárez, Father Miguel Agustín Pro, S.J., Mrs. Josefina Montes de Oca de Bolado, José Murillo Bañuelos, Francisco Olivera, Antonio Silva, Agustín Azcué, Antonio Quintana, Alvaro Basail, Mrs. Imelda Hernández and José Mazcorro. Letter from Mr. José Murillo Bañuelos to Father Miguel Agustín Pro, S.J., whose pseudonym was "El Cocal". / Continuación de acta de denuncia levantada por el Gral. Obregón con motivo del atentado dinamitero del 13 de noviembre de 1927, en la cual constan las declaraciones del Gral. Obregón, de los Srs. Juan H. Jaime, Lic. Arturo H. Orcí, Tomás P. Bay, Ignacio Otero, Antonio y Juan Tirado, Ing. Luis Segura Vilchis, Humberto Pro Juárez, Padre Miguel Agustín Pro, S.J., Sra. Josefina Montes de Oca de Bolado, José Murillo Bañuelos, Francisco Olivera, Antonio Silva, Agustín Azcué, Antonio Quintana, Alvaro Basail, Sra. Imelda Hernández y José Mazcorro. Carta del Sr. José Murillo Bañuelos al Padre Miguel Agustín Pro, S.J., cuyo pseudónimo era "El Cocal".
Correspondence exchanged among Gen. and Dr. Andrés G. Castro, Misters Elodio Padilla, Jesús García, Jesús Parras and other members of the Constitutionalist Liberal Party and Gen. Alvaro Obregón, regarding the endorsement of Gen. Obregón's candidacy by various labor groups in the state of Mexico. Imposition of representatives Fuentes Alanís, Franco and Solórzano; transcription of a message from Mr. Facundo S. Rodea to Gen. Obregón in which he affirms that he does not wish to cover the expenses of Gen. Obregón's political advertising. Congratulations from Gen. Andrés G. Castro to Gen. Obregón on his electoral victory. / Correspondencia entre el Gral. y Dr. Andrés G. Castro, los Srs. Elodio Padilla, Jesús García, Jesús Parras y otros miembros del Partido Liberal Constitucionalista y el Gral. Alvaro Obregón, relativa a adhesión política de varios grupos de obreros del Estado de México a la candidatura del Gral. Obregón; imposición de los diputados Fuentes Alanís, Franco y Solórzano; transcripción de mensaje del Sr. Facundo S. Rodea al Gral. Obregón en el que asienta que no desea cobrar los gastos de propaganda al Gral. Obregón; felicitación del Gral. Andrés G. Castro al Gral. Obregón por su triunfo electoral.
Correspondence of Mr. Manuel Ortiz, President of the Liberal Club of Irapuatense, Mr. A.R. Salgadi, Engr. Antonio Madrazo, Mr. Tiburcio Lira, Mr. Patricio García, and Mr. Juan Arroyo, President and Vice President of the 4th Electoral District, Mr. Rosendo Rizo, Mr. Sabas González Rangel, Special Representative of the Liberal Party of Guanajuato, Enrique Colunga, and other members, and Gen. Alvaro Obregón, concerning the endorsements of his presidential campaign; offers to form supporting political groups, minutes from the 4th Electoral District and a list or inventory of the packets received in the 4th Electoral District of Guanajuato. / Correspondencia entre el Sr. Manuel Ortiz, Presidente del Club Liberal Irapuatense, Sr. A.R. Salgadi, Ing. Antonio Madrazo, Sr. Tiburcio Lira, Srs. Patricio García y Juan Arroyo, Presidente y Vicepresidente del 4o. Distrito Electoral, Sr. Rosendo Rizo, Sr. Sabas González Rangel, Delegado Especial del Partido Liberal Guanajuatense, Enrique Colunga y otras firmas y el Gral. Alvaro Obregón, relativa a adhesiones a la campaña electoral del Gral. Obregón; ofrecimientos de formar clubes políticos, actas del 4o. Distrito Electoral y lista o inventario de los paquetes recibidos en el 4o. Distrito Electoral de Guanajuato.
In 1928, Utah Construction Company completed its first project outside of the United States with the 110 mile railroad for Southern Pacific of Mexico. Over the next 30 years, UCC continued to work on projects in Mexico including dams, roads, mining, and canals. The collection contains several booklets and correspondence along with approximately 500 photographs. ; 8.5 x 11 in. paper ; 96) Return to Harry McNev Mexico- Copper & Exploration ABSTRACT CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT MINING EXPLORATION AND MINING PRODUCTION IN MEXICO Private mining industry is experiencing difficult times in many countries that are or have been large mineral producers. Would Mexico offer opportunities for exploration and production? Mexico is a mineral rich country. For the exploration en-gineer this is the most vital point. If the exploration groups are professionally adept, they will find mineralization. A broad review of metallogenetic provinces and of past and present production in Mexico can be used as a guide to explora-tion. Although Mexico is well endowed with minerals, there are many factors that must be considered before a determination can be made that the mineral discovered is ore; (a) restrictive factors in-cluca governmental policy such as taxes, Mexicanization, commodity prices and certain laws; (b) favorable factors include a stable government, strong and freely-convertible peso, and relatively low direct-production costs. -The Mexican mining industry offers an opportunity to those willing to study the problems, accept the law, and invest in the social -as well as financial- future of Mexico. CONDITIONS THAT AffECT MINING EXPLORATION AND MINING PRODUCTION IN MEXICO I. INTRODUCTION. The potential foreign investor in Mexico's Mining In-dustry must carefully consider many facets of the industry and of the country. On the positive side, a stable govern-ment, a healthy monetary position and. above all, a mineral-iy rich country can be found. However, no investments should be made until the potential investor has investigated the min-ing law with its Mexicanization requirements, the mining taxes, the technical manpower regulations and the power of the ex-ecutive branch to set commodity prices. The official mining policy during the period 1930 to 1954, did not encourage investments in the mining industry. However, the future looks much brighter, for now Mexicanization has been accomplished for over 90% of the industry and the gov-ernment realizes that mine products provide a base for Mexico's currency and bring in foreign exchange, that mining provides an important source of government revenue and is an important con-sumer of power, supplies, and transportation services. Also, and of great future importance, Mexico's expanding industry will be in need of more raw materials to supply its demand and its increasing export of manufactured goods. II. HISTORY. The Spanish conquistadores were obsessed by the riches found in Mexico - particularly gold and silver. Thus began the systematic plundering of the new colony and the beginning of mining as the basis of Mexico's economy, Mexico became known as the ""mine and mint of Spain"". Major mining districts such as Taxco, Zacatecas, Santa Brbara and Guanajuato were discovered and brought into pro-duction between 1520 and 1550. It is interesting to note that these selected districts are ail still in production. From 1810, which saw the start, of independence from Spain to 1910 when the Mexican Revolution broke out, mining continued to play a leading role in the national economy. It probably would be fair to say that it sustained the economy. From 1875 to 1900, for example, mining accounted for 70% of the value of Mexico's exports. During the period of the 1910-1917 Revolution mineral pro-duction sharply declined. Silver, lead, and zinc, however, hit their peaks in the late 1920's nut then the general depression followed by governmental restrictions and high taxes reduced exploration which then was followed by reduced production and to date the peaks of production of the late 1920's have not been reached. Under the progressive regime of President Diaz Ordaz, which started in 1964, governmental stimulation to the mining industry has led to greater exploration which is now showing up in increased production. Today Mexico ranks as the leading producer of silver and is the fourth largest producer of lead, fifth of zinc and fourteenth of copper. Mexico also produces major amounts of mercury, bismuth, sulphur, antimony and is the leading producer of fluorite. The entire mineral industry accounts for over 20 percent of the country's foreign exchange earnings although this amounts to less than 2% of the Gross National Product. III. CONDITIONS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY OF MEXICO THAT AFFECT IN-VESTMENT. A. Mexicanization. The term Mexicanization has often been misinterpreted as nationalization. Mexicanization only implies the control of a company in Mexican hands. The transfer of control from foreign to Mexican hands proceeds on a private level by negotiations between local and foreign businessman. Although foreign capital is welcomed, the investor should not expect more favorable treatment than that accorded domestic investors. In Mexicanization it is implicit that as a country progres-ses and matures it must create a body of national capital. For if the profit earned leaves the country (although it created jobs, paid taxes, etc.) the servicing of loans and repatriation of capital would likely endanger the balance of payments leading to an unsound economy. Instead, by retaining within the country at least 51% of the profit, a national capital can be created which is so necessary for further economic expansion and industrialization. - 3 - In 1961 a mining law was passed providing that new mining concessions can be granted only to Mexican nationals, and companies in which a minimum of 51 percent of their capital stock (or 66 per-cent in some instances) is owned by Mexican nationals. This same law, however, granted tax privileges to Mexicanized companies. B. Immigration Restrictions. To protect their skilled and unskilled labor, the Mexican Government has regulated the immigration of foreign technicians in-to Mexico. However, if for the good of the country it is felt that a foreign expert is vitally needed, he can be permitted to enter generally with the stipulation that he train his replacement. Mexican universities are training mining engineers, metal lurgists and geologists but their training is principally academic and an industrial training period is necessary to make these en-gineers capable of filling normal production positions, C. The mining law of Mexico was completely redrafted in 1961, This is an extensive law and only a few of the points will be discussed, 1. Only Mexicans or Mexicanized companies have the right to obtain concessions. 2. A concession shall have a maximum surface area of 500 hectares l hr = 10,000 sq. meters). The sides of the con-cession are limited by vertical planes, 3. The total maximum concession area for a company or an individual is limited depending on the substance. However, three times this maximum can be held for a five-year exploration period. As an example for gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc, a maximum of 9000 hectares can be held for the first five years. After this five year period, a maximum of only 3000 hectares can be held. 4. Mining concessions are issued for 25 years but may be extended on proof of effective exploitation. 5. Assessment work is required. D. Taxes. Taxes paid by mining companies include: 4 1. Income Tax. This tax is modarate and has a maximum of 42%. 2. Production and Export Tax. These taxes are based on price set monthly by the Treasury Department. This official value is arbitrary and can change but generally reflects world prices. These taxes are levied whether the Company is making an operating profit or not. 3. Surface Tax. This tax is a rental on mineral concession of $1.20 dollars per hectare per year. 4. Capital Gains. Capital gains are included in gross income but at a reduced percentage depending on the length of time that assets have been held. 5. Depletion. There is no deduction allowed for depletion. 6. Amortization and Depreciation. It can be stated that deductions allowed are those that the tax authorities regard as normal and necessary for conduct of business. 7. Reduction in Taxes for New Mines. A directive calls for a five year reduction of up to 40% income tax and up to 100% of the federal portion of the production and export taxes, and accelerated depreciation and amortization for certain investment in new operations. 8. Other Taxes. Other taxes such as social security payments and distribution of a portion of annual profits to employees are required. E. Metal Prices. Metal prices for sale in Mexico are set by a govern- - 5 - merit agency. These prices are lower than world prices and act to subsidize Mexico's metal-using industries at the expense of the mining industry. F. Favorable Conditions. 1. Stable Government. The Mexican Government is stable and this stability will be entrenched each passing year with the development of a larger middle class and the strong emphasis on education. 2. Financial Stability. Exchange restrictions have never been imposed and funds are freely convertible and transferable to and from Mexico. The exchange rate has remained at 12.50 pesos per U.S. dollar since 1954. An exchange stabilisation agreement exists between Mexico and the International Monetary Fund which permits Mexico to draw on foreign currencies to maintain the parity of the peso. However, Mexico has maintained a favorable balance of payments for numerous years. 3. Low cost labor. Although there is a notable lack of qualified mining and exploration personnel of the highly technical and supervisory calibre, there is plentiful mining labor in the mining regions. In general, the mining labor is efficient and the costs are reason-able. Recent wage raises have been higher than increased productivity and management must work for higher productivity. In recent years strikes of over 15 days duration have been exceptional and peaceful labor relations are the rule. 4. High mineral potential. We can start with the premise that Mexico is a country extremely well endowed with minerals and many ore bodies await to be discovered. The fact that there has not been more than possibly three major metallic mineral discoveries in the last two decades is not that the bodies do not exist but that fiscal conditions have been such that no search has been made - 6 - for them. Now methods and philosophies of exploration have not been tried until very recently but in them lies the great ex-ploration potential of Mexico. There are three general geologic zones in Mexico. The nor-thern zone is separated from the southern zone by the volcanic-rift belt which runs east-west through Mexico City and Guadalaja-ra and has as its most obvious surface feature a belt of Cenozoic volcanics. Most of the mining in Mexico has taken place in the northern zone in which the more acidic intrusive rocks are found. The southern zone contains more basic rocks, and although there are numerous mineral occurrences, the mines are small in size and number. The scarcity of mines in this zone is undoubt-edly due, in great part, to the lack of exploration which is made difficult due to lack of roads and facilities and to the heavy vegetation covering the outcrops. The volcanic-rift belt exhibits difficult exploration con-ditions; the principal ones being the great amount of volcanic cover and the intense faulting. As in the southern zone this area has not received intensive exploration; however, the famous silver deposits of Pachuca, Taxco, El Oro and Guanajuato lie within this region or at its edge. In the northern zone a long, large northwest trending belt of middle Cenozoic volcanics is found, which constitutes the Sierra Madre Occidental. Pew large mines are known within this belt of very thick volcanics; but where the rocks below the volcanics have been exposed, they are abnormally well mineralized. Therefore, here again the scarcity of mines is due to lack of out-crops. In order to investigate the exploration possibilities in greater detail, let us evaluate the situation of various metals. a. Silver. Mexico is and has been for many years (except 1968) the world's leading producer of silver. In the past a majority of the silver came from such bonanza camps as Pachuca, Guanajuato and Tax co where the silver was found in very high-grade deposits with very minor amounts of other metals. Today. most of Mexico's silver is produced as an accessory mineral in the lead and zinc deposits. This means that with lower lead and zinc prices there has been a reduction in the production of silver although silver prices have advanced. Although the bonanza camps have been reported as ""worked out"", there are definite signs that this may not be the case. Recant high-grade discoveries in Guanajuato and Taxco indicate that if modern techniques and vigorous exploration are carried out, it is quite possible that bonanza deposits will be discovered. Silver is well distributed in many parts of Mexico and it would be difficult to pin-point exact locations favorable for exploration. Slide No.2 shows in general the major distribution of silver. Since the environments vary widely, so also would the exploration techniques. In parts of Mexico numerous silver deposits have been known but left unexploited due to lack of roads and facilities. Large, low-grade deposits probably exist but as yet company philosophies have not been such that they would explore for this type of deposit. b. Copper. Copper, like silver, appears to have a future at favor-able prices. Added to this is the great increase in demand for copper by Mexico to satisfy its rapidly expanding industry. Until this year (1970), there has been only one copper mine in Mexico that could be considered major; the Cananea mine which produces approximately 70% of Mexico's copper. The Santa Rosalia mine in Baja California could be considered a medium sized mine and the rest of the present copper production comes from very small mines or as a minor mineral from other base metal mines. Because of this limited production, Mexico is presently producing just enough copper to supply its internal demand. This picture, however, is changing rapidly. In early 1971, Asarco Mexicana, S.A. will bring into production their Inguarn mine, in the State of Michoacn, which will have a mill capacity of 2000 metric tons per day of 1.8% copper which will more than take care of Mexico's immediate industrial demands for copper. Then in the future lies the immense deposit, La Ca-ridad, of Mexicana de Cobre, which has reserves in excess of 600 million metric tons of 0.75% copper with values in molybdenum. The exact size of this deposit is as yet unknown. Work is now underway to bring this deposit into production in 1974. -8- The reason for not producing more copper in Mexico has been the lack of exploration incentive by the mining companies. The small prospector is not equipped to explore for bulk, low-grade copper deposits and only in the last year or so have major companies made an exerted effort in this field. A very favorable copper mineral province exists in the State of Sonora, Perhaps the most important structural characteristic of this area is its location (Slide #3) along the north-trending Wasatch-Jerome crustal lineament at or near its intersection with the northwest-trending Texas lineament. Correlation between these lineaments and the distribution of the bulk low-grade deposits has been remarkable. Mexico's largest copper producer at Cananea and the previously mentioned La Caridad deposit lie along the Wasatch-Jerome near the intersection with the Texas lineament. Although northern Sonora is a most favorable area in which to explore for copper, this area should not be considered as the only target area since favorable areas exist in other parts of Mexico. Molybdenum can often be expected as an accessory metal with the copper mineralization. If unfavorable conditions for mining investment in Zambia, Peru and Chile -all major copper producing countries- continue or worsen, Mexico will become a major exporter of copper within the next ten years. Even if conditions become better in those countries, Mexico will still play a major role as a copper producing country. c. Lead and Zinc. Although the long term picture for lead and zinc, with silver as an accessory metal, may not be as bright as for copper, established smelter capacity and both local and foreign markets exist and, therefore, exploration for lead and zinc can be con-sidered by both large and small companies. For many years there has been little exploration for new lead and zinc deposits and there has been no exploration with the use of modern tools for locating unexposed bodies. The greatest exploration provinces for lead and zinc are shown on Slide #5. In these areas substantial silver values associated with the lead and zinc could be expected. - 9 d. Other Metals and Minerals. Mexico is a major producer of fluorite, barite, mercury, tungsten and antimony. Exploration will continue for these ma-terials depending primarily on world prices. i IV. SUMMARY OF CONDITIONS. Prom the foregoing, we can quickly summarize the conditions that exist in Mexico that directly affect investment in the mining industry. A. Regulatory. 1. Mexicanization. The requirement of majority investment by Mexican nationals by itself is certainly not unfavorable; however, risk capital is difficult to find. 2. Immigration Restrictions. It is often difficult to obtain highly technical personnel and companies are limited to the number of foreign personnel they can hire. 3. Mining Law. The mining law has been updated and is meant to broaden the mining industry base in Mexico. However restrictions and control are an essential part of the law. 4. Taxes. Income Taxes are moderate but production and ex-port, taxes are a severance tax not based on profit. There is no reduction in taxes for depletion. 5. Metal Prices. Mexico's industry is subsidised at the expense of the mining industry through official prices set slightly lower than world prices -10- B. Favorable. l. Mexico is a mineral-rich country. 2. Mexico has a stable government. 3. Mexico has a strong-convertible currency. 4. Direct production costs for medium to large operations are low. 5. The proximity to the United States assures a large market in addition to the growing market in Mexico. Future. The most striking feature about Mexico today is the tremendous social gains. Education receives, by far, the largest share of the national budget; health facilities are readily available and are ex-panding; electricity and roads are coming to the small villages and wages are being raised in an attempt to make even the poor farmer a consumer. Mexico is expanding industrially to keep in step with the local demands and manufacturing more and more of its necessities in or-der to reduce the need to import, which makes its trade balance more favorable. Mexico yearly increases the export of manufactured goods where previously the country had only been an exporter of raw material and crafts. Politically Mexicans are, and should be, proud of their ancient past and their recant history. They are, therefore, ready and anxious to work with foreign companies if this partership will assist in the development of Mexico as a country and to the advantage of the Mexican people. The exploitation of Mexico to the advantage of other peoples is a thing of the past. Mexico is a developed country and expects to be treated as such. The Mexican mining industry offers an opportunity to those willing to study the problems accept the laws and invest in the social -as well as financial- future of Mexico. D.F. Coolbaugh Mexico, D.F. Mexico, May 1970. DFC/mfb. - 11 -
FMSR (Austria) ; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) ; FWO (Belgium) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; MES (Bulgaria) ; Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) ; MoST (China) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; COLCIENCIAS (Colombia) ; MSES (Croatia) ; Research Promotion Foundation (RPF) ; MoER (Estonia) ; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ; Academy of Finland ; MEC (Finland) ; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) ; Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules (IN2P3/CNRS) ; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) ; HGF (Germany) ; General Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT) ; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) ; NKTH (Hungary) ; Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) - India ; Department of Science and Technology (DST) - India ; Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) ; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) ; WCU (Korea) ; LAS (Lithuania) ; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) ; SEP (Mexico) ; UASLP-FAI (Mexico) ; MSI (New Zealand) ; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) ; MSHE (Poland) ; NSC (Poland) ; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) ; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) ; MON (Russia) ; Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation (ROSATOM) ; RAS (Russia) ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) ; Ministry of Science and Technological Development (MSTD) - Serbia ; MICINN (Spain) ; Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (CPAN) ; Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland) ; NSC (Taipei) ; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) ; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu (TAEK) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; DOE (USA) ; National Science Foundation (NSF) - USA ; Marie-Curie programme ; European Research Council (European Union) ; Leventis Foundation ; A. P. Sloan Foundation ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium) ; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT) ; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - India ; HOMING PLUS of the Foundation for Polish Science ; European Union ; MoER: SF0690030s09 ; A search is reported for the standard model Higgs boson in the H -> ZZ -> l(+)l(-)tau(+)tau(-) decay mode, where l = mu or e, in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. No evidence is found for a significant deviation from the background expectation. An upper limit four to twelve times larger than the predicted value is set at 95% confidence level for the product of the standard model Higgs boson production cross section and decay branching fraction in the mass range 190 < m(H) < 600 GeV.
FMSR (Austria) ; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) ; FWO (Belgium) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; MES (Bulgaria) ; Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) ; CAS ; MoST ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; COLCIENCIAS (Colombia) ; MSES (Croatia) ; Research Promotion Foundation (RPF) ; MoER ; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ; Academy of Finland ; MEC ; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) ; CEA ; Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules (IN2P3/CNRS) ; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) ; HGF (Germany) ; General Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT) ; OTKA ; NKTH (Hungary) ; DAE ; Department of Science and Technology (DST) - India ; Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) ; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; NRF ; WCU (Korea) ; LAS (Lithuania) ; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) ; SEP ; UASLP-FAI (Mexico) ; MSI (New Zealand) ; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) ; MSHE ; NSC (Poland) ; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) ; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) ; MON ; Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation (ROSATOM) ; RAS ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) ; Ministry of Science and Technological Development (MSTD) - Serbia ; MICINN ; Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (CPAN) ; Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland) ; NSC (Taipei) ; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) ; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu (TAEK) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; Department of Energy (DOE) ; NSF (U.S.A.) ; Marie-Curie programme ; European Research Council (European Union) ; Leventis Foundation ; A. P. Sloan Foundation ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium) ; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT) ; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - India ; HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation for Polish Science ; European Union, Regional Development Fund ; MoER: SF0690030s09 ; The production of b jets in association with a Z/gamma* boson is studied using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV and recorded by the CMS detector. The inclusive cross section for Z/gamma* + b-jet production is measured in a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 fb(-1). The Z/gamma* + b-jet cross section with Z/gamma* -> ll (where ll = ee or mu mu) for events with the invariant mass 60 25 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar 0.5 is found to be 5.84 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.72 (syst.)(-0.55)(+0.25) (theory) pb. The kinematic properties of the events are also studied and found to be in agreement with the predictions made by the MADGRAPH event generator with the parton shower and the hadronisation performed by PYTHIA.
11 9 ; S ; [EN] We propose a multi-objective approach for portfolio selection, which allows investors to consider not only return and downside risk criteria but also to include environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores in the investment decision-making process. Owing to the uncertain environment of portfolio selection, the return and ESG score of each asset are considered as independent L-R power fuzzy variables. To make the model more realistic, we take budget, floor ceiling and cardinality constraints into account. In order to select the optimal portfolio along the efficient frontier, we apply the Sortino ratio in a credibilistic environment. The subsequent empirical application uses a data set from Bloomberg's ESG Data in combination with US Dow Jones Industrial Average data. The experimental results show that the proposed model offers promising results for socially responsible investors seeking ethical and sustainability goals beyond the return-risk trade-off and its ability to beat the benchmark García García, F.; Gonzalez-Bueno, J.; Oliver-Muncharaz, J.; Riley, N. (2019). Selecting socially responsible portfolios: A fuzzy multicriteria approach. Sustainability. 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092496 Ballestero, E., Pérez-Gladish, B., & Garcia-Bernabeu, A. (2014). The Ethical Financial Question and the MCDM Framework. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 3-22. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11836-9_1 Zopounidis, C., & Doumpos, M. (2002). Multicriteria classification and sorting methods: A literature review. European Journal of Operational Research, 138(2), 229-246. doi:10.1016/s0377-2217(01)00243-0 ARRIBAS, I., GARCÍA, F., GUIJARRO, F., OLIVER, J., & TAMOŠIŪNIENĖ, R. (2016). MASS APPRAISAL OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE USING MULTILEVEL MODELLING. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 20(1), 77-87. doi:10.3846/1648715x.2015.1134702 García, F., Guijarro, F., Oliver, J., & Tamošiūnienė, R. (2018). HYBRID FUZZY NEURAL NETWORK TO PREDICT PRICE ...
The President of the Republic, Gen. Alvaro Obregón, congratulates Gen. Plutarco Elías Calles on the birth of his grandson. Mr. A.G. Montero congratulates Mr. Fernando Torreblanca on the birth of his son. Reply thanking him. Birth and baptism announcement of Dr. Bernardo Gastélum's son. The President of the Republic, Plutarco Elías Calles, requests that Engr. Ortiz Rubio, of the Mexican Legation in Berlin, Germany, send him reports on Dr. Arturo M. Wolksier who is courting his daughter, Natalia Elías Calles. Reply indicating that his finances are compromised. Mr. Fernando Torreblanca asks Mr. Enrique Torreblanca if Gen. Obregón has replied to a letter. Mr. Antonio Galván Duque indicates to Fernando Torreblanca that the business "Hulera" issued two hundred more shares, suggests that they purchase some and asks to be advised how many to reserve. Telegrams exchanged among Mr. Fernando Torreblanca and Misters Enrique D. Ruiz and L.M. Salazar, regarding the payment of freight charges for some furniture. Report of objects for domestic use. Mr. Alejo Bay, Governor of the state of Sonora, tells Mr. Fernando Torreblanca the date of his family's arrival in Cajeme, Sonora. Fernando Torreblanca sends his regards to Mr. José Polín. Fernando Torreblanca requests some films from Mr. Quintín Tosas, Manager of Customs in Nogales, Sonora. Reply thanking him for the shipment. Mr. Antonio Robles Santacruz announces the birth of his son to Mr. Torreblanca. Mr. Torreblanca asks Mrs. Natalia Chacón-Elías Calles about the health of her son, Fernando Torreblanca Elías Calles. Gen. Alvaro Obregón wishes Mister Rafael Gabilondo and Rafael Martínez Escobar a happy Name Day. Telegrams exchanged among Misters Fernando Torreblanca, Antonio Galván Duque, Santiago Dodier, Gen. Alvaro Obregón and Miguel F. Romo, regarding the delivery of same animals to Gen. Obregón. Gen. Obregón sends Fernando Torreblanca some animal pelts. Reply thanking him and indicating that a very fine donkey will be sent. Mrs. Hortensia Elías Calles-Torreblanca asks Mr. Fernando Torreblanca when he is returning. Brochure advertising some toys from Buddy "L" Steel playthings. / El Presidente de la República, Gral. Alvaro Obregón, felicita al Gral. Plutarco Elías Calles por el nacimiento de su nieto. El Sr. A.G. Montero felicita al Sr. Fernando Torreblanca por el nacimiento de su hijo. Respuesta agradeciendo. Participación del nacimiento y bautizo del hijo del Dr. Bernardo Gastélum. El Presidente de la República, Plutarco Elías Calles solicita al Ing. Ortiz Rubio, de la Legación de México en Berlín, Alemania, le envíe informes sobre el Dr. Arturo M. Wolkiser, quien formalizó relaciones con su hija Natalia Elías Calles. Respuesta indicando que sus finanzas están comprometidas. El Sr. Fernando Torreblanca pregunta al Sr. Enrique Torreblanca si el Gral. Obregón ya contestó una carta. El Sr. Antonio Galván Duque comunica a Fernando Torreblanca que la empresa "Hulera" emitió doscientas acciones más, sugiere sean compradas algunas y pide que le avise cuántas reserva. Telegramas cruzados entre el Sr. Fernando Torreblanca y los señores Enrique D. Ruiz y L.M. Salazar, relativos al pago de fletes de algunos muebles. Relación de objetos de uso doméstico. El Sr. Alejo Bay, Gobernador del estado de Sonora comunica al Sr. Fernando Torreblanca el día de llegada de su familia a Cajeme, Son. Fernando Torreblanca envía saludos al Sr. José Polín. Fernando Torreblanca solicita al Sr. Quintín Rosas, Administrador de la Aduana de Nogales, Son. unas películas. Respuesta agradeciendo el envío. El Sr. Antonio Robles Santacruz participa al Sr. Torreblanca el nacimiento de su hijo. El Sr. Torreblanca pregunta a la Sra. Natalia Chacón de Elías Calles sobre la salud de su hijo Fernando Torreblanca Elías Calles. Felicitaciones por onomástico del Gral. Alvaro Obregón a los señores Rafael Gabilondo y Rafael Martínez Escobar. Fernando Torreblanca felicita al Sr. Rafael Torreblanca. Telegramas cruzados entre los señores Fernando Torreblanca, Antonio Galván Duque, Santiago Dodier, Gral. Alvaro Obregón y Miguel F. Romo, relativos al envío de unos animales al Gral. Obregón. El Gral. Obregón envía a Fernando Torreblanca las pieles de unos animales. Respuesta agradeciendo y comunicando que le envía un burro muy fino. La Sra. Hortensia Elías Calles de Torreblanca pregunta al Sr. Fernando Torreblanca el día de su regreso. Folleto de unos juguetes de Buddy "L" Steel playthings.
To which extent does the concept of gender can be strategic to understand links between health and territorial dynamics ? The following study aims to investigate this topic by analyzing the attendance at colorectal cancer screening sessions and its promotion in the Hauts-de-Seine (Paris region). We draw a comparison between the towns of Boulogne-Billancourt and Gennevilliers, and two of their popular districts, based on quantitative (attendance rates to screening sessions) and qualitative data (observations, semi-structured interviews). Among the findings it appears that spatial and gendered disparities regarding colorectal cancer screening vary depending on the places studies and do not reflect the unequal distribution of social classes. The analysis of health-seekink behaviors to general pratictioners _ a key actor of this screening programm _ highlights spatial representations and practices wich are specific to the contexts in Boulogne-Billancourt and in Gennevilliers, as well as wommen and men. This study of the promotion of colorectal cancer screening also enables us to better understand the ways these towns and districts are developed and organized (type and network of political, professional and associative stakeholders). In addition, the study stresses on the necessity to take gender into account when it comes to the analysis of local implementations of a national public health policy. Lastly, professional brackgrounds, dominant social norms and spatial dynamics are an integral part of general practioners's representations and practices. ; Dans quelle mesure le concept de genre constitue-t-il une clé de lecture pertinente pour comprendre les dynamiques sanitaires inscrites dans un territoire donné ? Cette thèse propose de répondre à cette interrogation en analysant la participation au dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal et sa promotion dans les Hauts-de-Seine (92). Les villes de Boulogne-Billancourt et de Gennevilliers, ainsi que deux quartiers populaires de chacune d'elles sont comparés à partir de ...
To which extent does the concept of gender can be strategic to understand links between health and territorial dynamics ? The following study aims to investigate this topic by analyzing the attendance at colorectal cancer screening sessions and its promotion in the Hauts-de-Seine (Paris region). We draw a comparison between the towns of Boulogne-Billancourt and Gennevilliers, and two of their popular districts, based on quantitative (attendance rates to screening sessions) and qualitative data (observations, semi-structured interviews). Among the findings it appears that spatial and gendered disparities regarding colorectal cancer screening vary depending on the places studies and do not reflect the unequal distribution of social classes. The analysis of health-seekink behaviors to general pratictioners _ a key actor of this screening programm _ highlights spatial representations and practices wich are specific to the contexts in Boulogne-Billancourt and in Gennevilliers, as well as wommen and men. This study of the promotion of colorectal cancer screening also enables us to better understand the ways these towns and districts are developed and organized (type and network of political, professional and associative stakeholders). In addition, the study stresses on the necessity to take gender into account when it comes to the analysis of local implementations of a national public health policy. Lastly, professional brackgrounds, dominant social norms and spatial dynamics are an integral part of general practioners's representations and practices. ; Dans quelle mesure le concept de genre constitue-t-il une clé de lecture pertinente pour comprendre les dynamiques sanitaires inscrites dans un territoire donné ? Cette thèse propose de répondre à cette interrogation en analysant la participation au dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal et sa promotion dans les Hauts-de-Seine (92). Les villes de Boulogne-Billancourt et de Gennevilliers, ainsi que deux quartiers populaires de chacune d'elles sont comparés à partir de ...
To which extent does the concept of gender can be strategic to understand links between health and territorial dynamics ? The following study aims to investigate this topic by analyzing the attendance at colorectal cancer screening sessions and its promotion in the Hauts-de-Seine (Paris region). We draw a comparison between the towns of Boulogne-Billancourt and Gennevilliers, and two of their popular districts, based on quantitative (attendance rates to screening sessions) and qualitative data (observations, semi-structured interviews). Among the findings it appears that spatial and gendered disparities regarding colorectal cancer screening vary depending on the places studies and do not reflect the unequal distribution of social classes. The analysis of health-seekink behaviors to general pratictioners _ a key actor of this screening programm _ highlights spatial representations and practices wich are specific to the contexts in Boulogne-Billancourt and in Gennevilliers, as well as wommen and men. This study of the promotion of colorectal cancer screening also enables us to better understand the ways these towns and districts are developed and organized (type and network of political, professional and associative stakeholders). In addition, the study stresses on the necessity to take gender into account when it comes to the analysis of local implementations of a national public health policy. Lastly, professional brackgrounds, dominant social norms and spatial dynamics are an integral part of general practioners's representations and practices. ; Dans quelle mesure le concept de genre constitue-t-il une clé de lecture pertinente pour comprendre les dynamiques sanitaires inscrites dans un territoire donné ? Cette thèse propose de répondre à cette interrogation en analysant la participation au dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal et sa promotion dans les Hauts-de-Seine (92). Les villes de Boulogne-Billancourt et de Gennevilliers, ainsi que deux quartiers populaires de chacune d'elles sont comparés à partir de ...
In the universe of intellectuals and Colombian thinkers, along with Rufino José Cuervo, Félix Restrepo, S.J., Marco Fidel Suárez, Miguel Antonio Caro, Alberto Lleras Camargo and more recently, professors and jurists such as Rafael Nieto Navia and Hugo Palacios Mejía, the name of one of the most important Colombian philosophers and thinkers appears: Nicolás Gómez Dávila. His contribution to juridical sciences from the philosophical point of view is without question remarkable. With his particular technique of writing by using "escolios" (annotations) in composing in-depth axiomatic, synthetic and analytical pieces of amazing clarity regarding among other topics what law is and means, or in other words what "laws ought to be like," a profound wisdom and scholarship can be seen and discovered. With this essay (a revision-type essay) we present several paraphrases of the "escolios" (annotations) created by Nicolás Gómez Dávila, one of the most notable Colombian philosophers; hence, his viewpoints and our analytical paraphrases of pivotal concepts of juridical science such as State, Constitution, Laws, Will, Law, Ethics, Democracy, Patriotism, etc., are presented and analyzed, to arrive at and support a conclusion-thesis we have presented on other occasions: the effective law and effective laws are those that are customary. ; Dentro del conjunto de cumbres intelectuales colombianas, al lado de Rufino José Cuervo, Félix Restrepo S.J., Marco Fidel Suárez, Miguel Antonio Caro, Alberto Lleras Camargo y más recientemente de juristas como Rafael Nieto Navia y Hugo Palacios Mejía, el nombre de uno de los pensadores más importantes que ha tenido Colombia debe aparecer: Nicolás Gómez Dávila. Su aporte a las ciencias jurídicas desde el punto de vista filosófico es innegable. Desde sus escolios deja ver su formación que permite delinear y componer de manera profunda conceptos sintéticos y analíticos de increíble profundidad sobre lo que es el derecho, o en otras palabras, sobre el "deber ser" de las leyes. Con este ensayo de revisión se presenta una paráfrasis de los "sucesivos escolios" creados por Nicolás Gómez Dávila, uno de los máximos filósofos y pensadores colombianos y se presentan adicionalmente puntos de vista sobre conceptos fundamentales y cardinales de las ciencias jurídicas: Estado, constitución, ley, voluntad, ética, etc., para concluir y soportar una tesis central que el autor ha sostenido ya varias veces: el derecho efectivo es el consuetudinario.
Il sistema basato sulla dottrina politica nazionalsocialista non nacque accompagnato né da una base culturale giuridica propria, né con il presupposto di "appoggiarsi" allo Stato per poter riorganizzare la vita sociale ed economica tedesca. In effetti, furono i numerosi giuristi nazionalsocialisti ad elaborare una sorta di "struttura delle fonti giuridiche" che costituisse una riserva di strumenti giuridici da utilizzare per raggiungere un punto di "fusione" tra impianto istituzionale e dottrina politica di indirizzo.Gli effetti distorsivi che il nuovo "Diritto Nazionalsocialista" ebbe nella gestione dei territori, specie in quelli occupati durante la guerra, si manifestarono con maggiore intensità sul territorio polacco, o meglio su quella porzione di territorio rinominato Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete; sia negli alti livelli della Zivilverwaltung, sia nell'amministrazione dei distretti locali (Kreise), i personalismi dei funzionari si manifestarono con forza, anche grazie all'uso di forme di decretazione personale dotate di differente efficacia.L'obiettivo di questo scritto è porre in relazione gli strumenti giuridici di decretazione personale con l'operato dei molti "piccoli Führer" che operarono in una entità amministrativa atipica come il Governatorato generale di Polonia mostrando, talvolta prima conl'inadeguatezza che con la brutalità, il volto peggiore della Zivilverwaltung. ; The system based on National Socialist political doctrine was born neither accompanied by a legal cultural basis of its own, nor with the premise of "relying on" the State in order to reorganize German social and economic life. In fact, it was the numerous National Socialist jurists who elaborated a sort of "structure of legal sources" which constituted a reserve of legal instruments to be used to reach a point of "fusion" between institutional structure and political doctrine.The distorting effects that the new "National Socialist Law" had in the management of territories, especially in those occupied during the war, manifested themselves with greater intensity on Polish territory or, more precisely, on that portion of territory renamed Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete, more simply the General Government of Poland; both in the high levels of the Zivilverwaltung and in the administration of the local districts (Kreise), the personalisms of the officials manifested themselves strongly, also thanks to the use of forms of personal decree with different effectiveness. The objective of the "codification" of the regime thus became the object of exploitation, both by the upper echelons of the party (including Hitler), and by those who worked in the administration of the GG, especially some local officials. They, in different forms and with different intensity, fulfilled their functions as petty dictators, using juridically different and territorially limited versions of the personal decree.Frank found himself in the position of having to justify to his Führer the leadership of the «Gau of the Vandals» and his being at the same time a man of law. Hitler expressed his contempt for the category of jurists whom he considered "traitors to the people", calling them «mentally handicapped from birth or destined to become so with the passage of time» and declared in a speech to the Reichstag on April 26, 1942 that he would have no «peace until every German was convinced that being a jurist was a shameful disgrace». Curiously, the actual exercise of power by the dictator, based on his undisputed personal and political authority, was justified on the juridical level by the doctrinal interpretation of some singular normative instruments, the Führererlasse, the maximum expression of "compromise", between justification of existing power and an attempt to codify its strength and contents in a peculiar Nazi "constitutional" structure.They were never formally part of the German legal order, but were de facto an element approved and amply justified by the National Socialist juridical doctrine, which influenced the life of the Reich and the territories it controlled, feeding and amplifying that system of double institutional levels. which had its most chaotic realization in the GG. The attitude of absolute sovereign on the part of the Kreishauptmänner was typical in the local districts; even from these childish behaviors and from the ostentation of a pomp which was often the result of robbery and looting, it was possible to recognize both the amateurism of a large slice of the administrative staff, and the almost unlimited possibilities caused by the use of personal instruments in the hands of district chiefs.The command practice was based on recommended and unpunished violence: the existence of some very rare "oases of normal administration" depended exclusively on the will of the individual local leaders and on the resonance that their actions could have at the top of the state nomenclature. The way the population was treated was aimed at leaving a mark on German occupation policy and showing the efficiency of the administrators, through construction work (Aufbauarbeit) of a testimony of the historische Mission in Ostgebiet.The objective of this paper is to relate the instrument of personal decree with the powers of which they were at the same time cause and consequence, and the behavior of the individual officials who operated in the various institutional levels taken into account, mentioning some cases of an atypical administrative entity like GG.
6423 6434 65 24 ; S ; [EN] In this paper, we present a distributed affine projection (AP) algorithm for an acoustic sensor network where the nodes are acoustically coupled. Every acoustic node is composed of a microphone, a processor, and an actuator to control the sound field. This type of networks can use distributed adaptive algorithms to deal with the active noise control (ANC) problem in a cooperative manner, providing more flexible and scalable ANC systems. In this regard, we introduce here a distributed version of the multichannel filtered-x AP algorithm over an acoustic sensor network that it is called distributed filtered-x AP (DFxAP) algorithm. The analysis of the mean and the mean-square deviation performance of the algorithm at each node is given for a network with a ring topology and without constraints in the communication layer. The theoretical results are validated through several simulations. Moreover, simulations show that the proposed DFxAP outperforms the previously reported distributed multiple error filtered-x least mean square algorithm. This work was supported in part by EU together with Spanish Government under Grant TEC2015-67387-C4-1-R (MINECO/FEDER), and in part by Generalitat Valenciana under PROMETEOII/2014/003. Ferrer Contreras, M.; Gonzalez, A.; Diego Antón, MD.; Piñero, G. (2017). Distributed Affine Projection Algorithm Over Acoustically Coupled Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 65(24):6423-6434. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2017.2742987