Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the study of a possibility of designating the boundaries of sanitary zones (distancing) for traffic arteries outside settlements within the right-of-way.The study was conducted regarding the current Russian laws, projects of possible changes in legislation and draft amendments. It offers definitions of the right-of-way and of sanitary zone and highlights topics that have not yet been regulated.At the same time, the research methods are of universal character and after introducing other regulatory parameters may be applied for similar research in other countries as well.Calculations and field studies allowed to find that within the railway right-of-way and with the existing train traffic intensity, equivalent continuous sound pressure level in aggregate does not exceed the established maximum permissible level of 80dBA for personnel performing their labour functions within the railway rightof-way.A growth in the Leq/LAeq on the right-of-way from 80,0 to 95,0 dBA may lead to an increase in the hazard class (subclass).An analysis of the actual results of a special assessment of working conditions at JSC Russian Railways showed in the vast majority of cases the acceptability of working conditions evaluated according to noise factor measured at the workplaces of employees working during full or part-time shift on the right-of-way. Hazardous working conditions at the level of some subclasses for certain professions (operator of track measurement, railway track worker) arise rather due to indicators of severity of the labour process. ; Статья посвящена вопросу исследования возможности установления границ санитарных зон (разрывов) для транспортных магистралей вне населённых пунктов по полосе отвода.Исследование проводилось применительно к требованиям действующего российского законодательства с учётом проектов его изменений. Даны определения полосы отвода, санитарной зоны и отмечены не урегулированные вопросы, связанные с ними.Вместе с тем методы исследования носили универсальный характер и с условием изменения нормативных параметров могут быть применены для аналогичных исследований в других странах.В результате проведённых расчётов и натурных исследований было установлено, что в пределах полосы отвода железнодорожной магистрали при существующей интенсивности движения поездов эквивалентный уровень шума в совокупности не превышает для персонала, исполняющего свои трудовые функции в пределах полосы отвода железной дороги, установленный предельно допустимый уровень в 80 дБА.Увеличение на полосе отвода эквивалентного уровня шума с 80,0 до 95,0 дБА может приводить к повышению класса (подкласса) вредности.Анализ фактических результатов специальной оценки условий труда в ОАО «РЖД» показал, что в абсолютном большинстве случаев на рабочих местах работников, находящихся полную или неполную рабочую смену на полосе отвода, регистрируются по фактору «шум» допустимые условия труда. Вредные условия труда на уровне ряда подклассов для отдельных профессий (оператор по путевым измерениям, монтёр пути, работник искусственных сооружений) формируются за счёт показателей тяжести трудового процесса.

The tendencies of change of domestic requirements to sanitary protection zones are analyzed. It was found that the criteria and mechanisms for rationing of sanitary protection zones and their sizes in Ukraine have not changed significantly over the past 30 years. The foreign experience of sanitary classification of industrial enterprises and the sizes of sanitary protection zones for them is studied. The criteria and mechanisms of rationing of sanitary protection zones in relation to residential areas in different countries of the world are revealed. Classification of countries according to the mechanisms of rationing of sanitary protection zones has been carried out. There were detected tree groups of countries in which: on the nationwide level approved a clear sanitary classification of enterprises, industries and facilities and strictly regulated sizes of sanitary protection zones for them; on the nationwide level, the sanitary classification of enterprises is of a recommendatory nature, there are regional or local regulations on the sizes of buffer zone, setback distances and safe zone; sanitary classification of industrial facilities of hazard classes is unclear, the sizes of sanitary protection zones are set only for certain types of industrial enterprises. There were identified reasons for differences in the sizes and criteria for the establishment of sanitary protection zones in different countries. The differences between the sizes of sanitary protection zones and the criteria for their establishment in different countries are explained by: using different of technologies in production; different sanitary requirements for the relative positions of industrial facilities and residential areas; time of writing and validity of standards and regulations for the establishment of sanitary protection zones; the speed of response of legislative and regulatory government agencies to the emergence of new technologies for use in production processes; decision-making mechanism for the establishment of sanitary ...

The sanitary protection zones (SPZ) are established according to potencial pollutions sources to protect the environment and people's health from possible influence. SPZ are set with detail projects, mostly during the projecting of potencial pollution source construction and remains valid till the SPZ specification. And to specify the SPZ is possible by doing measurement of pollution scatter or in other lawful cases. According to reasoned requests of residents, the SPZ are being enlarged because of people's complaints and tangible appropriate effect of pollution. Similarly, after the measurement of pollution's scatter by requests of SPZ user, introducing modern pollution scatter decrease ways or processes. Also, the SPZ, which were established long-ago, nowadays may be motiveless too large or too small; because introducing of new modern technologies or forbidding long-time and larger pollution emitted sources exploitation, herewith comes possibility to reduce SPZ. The aim of this study is to project and specify the SPZ borders of Kaunas International Airport. The study analyses Kaunas International Airport's SPZ, which is set according to detail project and is valid since July 7, 1998, under the special terms of handling land and forests. However, the calculated and established SPZ borders were not equalized with the noise made by planes and other aircrafts , because then hygiene standards did not introduce methods of measurements of aerial noise. When Lithuania entered the European Union, plenty of normative acts were transfered to the law base of Lithuania and due to that the noise and its influence to environment have started to be regulated more strictly. Moreover, foreign investors have got safer and more desirable conditions in Lithuanian air traffic range. And that determined to exploit modern and more quiet airplanes in Lithuanian aircraft as well as to limit exploitation of loud airplanes according to various legal bounds. But then increased the flights of passengers and cargo transit as well as fligt's noise became steadier. Therefore came the necessity to specify SPZ of Lithuanian airports according to particular noise levels induced by airplanes flights. Sustaining the nonfiction the necessity to specify Kaunas International Airport SPZ borders was established according to airplanes noise levels. The newly projected SPZ after the perspective maps of noise does not show remarkable changes – 21 ha; however, the SPZ's shape has changed and more than 50 premise were involved to the noise zone C. Also a major part of this zone has changed its location from the west side (a settled one) to the east side where agriculture sites stretch in Jonava district.

The sanitary protection zones (SPZ) are established according to potencial pollutions sources to protect the environment and people's health from possible influence. SPZ are set with detail projects, mostly during the projecting of potencial pollution source construction and remains valid till the SPZ specification. And to specify the SPZ is possible by doing measurement of pollution scatter or in other lawful cases. According to reasoned requests of residents, the SPZ are being enlarged because of people's complaints and tangible appropriate effect of pollution. Similarly, after the measurement of pollution's scatter by requests of SPZ user, introducing modern pollution scatter decrease ways or processes. Also, the SPZ, which were established long-ago, nowadays may be motiveless too large or too small; because introducing of new modern technologies or forbidding long-time and larger pollution emitted sources exploitation, herewith comes possibility to reduce SPZ. The aim of this study is to project and specify the SPZ borders of Kaunas International Airport. The study analyses Kaunas International Airport's SPZ, which is set according to detail project and is valid since July 7, 1998, under the special terms of handling land and forests. However, the calculated and established SPZ borders were not equalized with the noise made by planes and other aircrafts , because then hygiene standards did not introduce methods of measurements of aerial noise. When Lithuania entered the European Union, plenty of normative acts were transfered to the law base of Lithuania and due to that the noise and its influence to environment have started to be regulated more strictly. Moreover, foreign investors have got safer and more desirable conditions in Lithuanian air traffic range. And that determined to exploit modern and more quiet airplanes in Lithuanian aircraft as well as to limit exploitation of loud airplanes according to various legal bounds. But then increased the flights of passengers and cargo transit as well as fligt's noise became steadier. Therefore came the necessity to specify SPZ of Lithuanian airports according to particular noise levels induced by airplanes flights. Sustaining the nonfiction the necessity to specify Kaunas International Airport SPZ borders was established according to airplanes noise levels. The newly projected SPZ after the perspective maps of noise does not show remarkable changes – 21 ha; however, the SPZ's shape has changed and more than 50 premise were involved to the noise zone C. Also a major part of this zone has changed its location from the west side (a settled one) to the east side where agriculture sites stretch in Jonava district.

The application of groundwater vulnerability methods has great importance for the sanitary protection zones delineation of karstic sources. Source vulnerability assessment of karst groundwater has mainly relied on the European approach (European Cooperation in Science and Technology—COST action 620), which includes analysis of the K factor, which refers to water flow through the saturated zone of the karst system. In the paper, two approaches to groundwater vulnerability assessment have been applied, COP + K and TDM (Time-Dependent Model) methods, to produce the most suitable source vulnerability map that can be transformed into sanitary protection zones maps. Both methods were tested on the case example of Blederija karst spring in Eastern Serbia. This spring represents a classical karst spring with allogenic and autogenic recharge. Dual aquifer recharge points out the necessity for the inclusion of the vulnerability assessment method created especially for the assessment of karst groundwater. Obtained vulnerability maps show similar results, particularly in the spring and the ponor areas, and these zones are most important for future protection. The COP + K method brings out three vulnerability classes that can be directly transformed into three sanitary protection zones. Contrary to the previous one, the TDM method uses water travel time as a vulnerability degree. The results show that the final map can be easily used to define sanitary zones considering different national legislation.

• "Plan Will Be Similar to That Operated Around Military Camps."• "Seven More Deaths Reported in District"• "Health Officer Fowler Appeals to Physicians to Report Cases Immediately."• Dr. H.S. Mustard is in command of the zone which will be run as similar zones around military camps • The government has also taken over buildings at 602 and 610 F Street to turn into hospitals for government war workers• Fowler has requested physicians report all known cases of influenza to the department so they can have some idea of how the disease is spreading• The municipal bathing beach has been closed until after the epidemic passes• Dr. Mustard's first step will be inspections of all cafes, restaurants and boarding houses• Theaters will remain open until inspected and a decision is made depending on recommendations from the surgeon general and District health officer• All private schools in the District have been asked to close; boarding schools may remain open• The 10AM store opening order exempts all grocery and drug stores, confectionery and soda fountains and also does not apply to manufacturing establishments• The staggered plan is a success though some capacity issues with the street cars occurred as 100 trainmen were not able to be on duty• Playgrounds are opening at 9AM instead of 11:45AM to give children the chance to play outdoors• All community center meetings, including dances, are cancelled ; Newspaper article ; 1, 2

AbstractThis paper discusses Government policy to August 1989 on the use of protection zones to protect UK water sources from pollution by nitrate. It outlines the use of the powers in the Water Act 1989 to declare Nitrate Sensitive Areas, and the procedures that would be followed in declaring such zones. The circumstances are outlined in which compensation would be paid in Nitrate Sensitive Areas and the reasons for departing from the 'polluter pays' principle. UK policy is related to the proposed European Community Directive on the control of nitrate, and the similarities between the two approaches are illustrated.

DONOR GOVERNMENTS, UN AGENCIES AND GRASS-ROOTS NGOS ARE URGED TO WORK TOGETHER TO IDENTIFY THE NEEDS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN WAR ZONES. THE FUTURE OF ANY COUNTRY WILL BE SERIOUSLY COMPROMISED BY THE EFFECTS THAT WAR HAS ON CHILDREN. WOMEN ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PRODUCING SUBSISTENCE CROPS EVEN MORE SO DURING PROLONGED WAR; THEY MUST HAVE AREAS FOR GROWING FOOD, FREE FROM BOMBS, SHELLING, AND LAND MINES. HAVING SAFE LAND CONSTITUTES A PART OF THEIR BASIC RIGHT TO LIFE. THE DENIAL OF THIS BASIC HUMAN RIGHT MUST BE REDRESSED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY THROUGH PROTECTED ZONES OF PEACE.