Suchergebnisse

A dynamic deterministic model of urban growth is proposed, which in its most simple form yields Zipf's law for city-size distribution, and in its general form may account for distributions that deviate strongly from Zipf's law. The qualitative consequences of the model are examined, and a corresponding stochastic model is introduced, which permits, in particular, the study of zero-growth situations.

This study introduces a "city-country rule" to complement the well-known rank-size rule for cities, from which it is derived. The city-country rule enables us to make a rough estimate of the population of the largest cities when the population of the entire country is known. It quickly tells us whether the actual city populations are large or small, compared to the world average for similarly ranked cities in countries of comparable size.

In Indonesia the cities have continously grown. However they varied in size. Some cities have the population above two million citizens, while some have below than fivehundred thousands. Some economic factors are hypothesized to influence such distribution. This study aims to test the rank-size rule (Zipf's law) and to find thedeterminants of size distribution of cities. The panel data method is employed to satisfy the objectives of study. All district and provincial level data are used for year 1995, 2000 and 2005. The pareto exponent shows that the rank-size rule does not matter in Indonesia.Level of agglomeration economies, local government expenditure and number of administrative city increases the concentration of size of cities. The labor force participation and region's openness affects the size of cities to be more equally distributed.Keywords: cities, rank-size rule, Zipf's law, pareto exponent, panel data

Urbanization is an integral part of the overall process of
economic and social development. There is growing evidence that this is
the case for Pakistan also. Pakistan in 1972 was nearly 27 percent urban
and today is perhaps 30 percent plus urban. The probable distribution by
size of place of this growth is of great importance for economic and
social planning yet curiously it has received very little scholarly
investigation as yet-[7], is an exception and the present article should
be viewed as an extension to Helbock's work. In searching for some model
or theoretical statement in the literature regarding what the future
hierarchy of urban place in Pakistan will look like, Helbock is
naturally lead to the "Rank-Size Rule" vs. "Primate City" question.
After examining the 1961 and 1972 census data on urban places by size of
place, he concludes that the "Rank-Size" distribution does not
adequately describe the Pakistan urban hierarchy.

This paper contributes to the demonstration that the self-similar city hierarchies with cascade structure can be modeled with a pair of scaling laws reflecting the recursive process of urban systems. First we transform the Beckmann's model on city hierarchies and generalize Davis's 2 n -rule to an rn-rule on the size – number relationship of cities ( r > 1), and then reduce both Beckmann's and Davis's models to a pair of scaling laws taking the form of exponentials. Then we derive an exact three-parameter Zipf-type model from the scaling laws to revise the commonly used two-parameter Zipf model. By doing so, we reveal the fractal essence of central place hierarchies and link the rank-size rule to central place model logically. The new mathematical frameworks are applied to the class counts of the 1950–70 world city hierarchy presented by Davis in 1978, and several alternative approaches are illustrated to estimate the fractal dimension.

The present study investigates the rank-size distribution of cities above 10,000 in Turkey for the years 2000 and 2012, and the results are compared with the findings related to 1945 and 1975. The results show that despite the political and economic transformations of the last decade, there is a perfect adjustment of the city size distribution to the rank-size rule at the country level due to existence of a well-established urban system. A regression analysis is employed to reveal the relationships between the slopes of city size distribution and the characteristics of provinces.

The present study investigates the rank-size distribution of cities above 10,000 in Turkey for the years 2000 and 2012, and the results are compared with the findings related to 1945 and 1975. The results show that despite the political and economic transformations of the last decade, there is a perfect adjustment of the city size distribution to the rank-size rule at the country level due to existence of a well-established urban system. A regression analysis is employed to reveal the relationships between the slopes of city size distribution and the characteristics of provinces. ; DOI:10.15320/ICONARP.2018.39 url: http://iconarp.selcuk.edu.tr/iconarp/article/view/202

Empirical literature on civil war has demonstrated the benefits of using disaggregated data while exploring the influence of geography on intrastate conflicts. This paper goes further in exploring the border between political and geographical sciences by assessing the link between accessibility and the location of internal armed conflicts. Our work is aimed at finding whether poorly accessible parts of a country are more prone to civil war than any other part. To test this hypothesis, we deploy a three-step research design. First, regarding the pivotal role of the capital city previously demonstrated, we evaluate the importance of bringing a country's urban structure into analysis using Zipf's law as an indicator of urban hierarchy. Second, we model the influence of cities over space using a gravity model of spatial allocation. Finally, we use network analysis in order to assess the accessibility of cities by road and to evaluate whether this factor influences the location of civil conflicts. Our preliminary results suggest a link between multipolar urban hierarchies and separatism. This paper constitutes a good demonstration of how conflict studies can benefit from an interdisciplinary approach. Finally, this research highlights the conflict-resolution potential of a rather politically-insensitive issue such as spatial planning.

Empirical literature on civil war has demonstrated the benefits of using disaggregated data while exploring the influence of geography on intrastate conflicts. This paper goes further in exploring the border between political and geographical sciences by assessing the link between accessibility and the location of internal armed conflicts. Our work is aimed at finding whether poorly accessible parts of a country are more prone to civil war than any other part. To test this hypothesis, we deploy a three-step research design. First, regarding the pivotal role of the capital city previously demonstrated, we evaluate the importance of bringing a country's urban structure into analysis using Zipf's law as an indicator of urban hierarchy. Second, we model the influence of cities over space using a gravity model of spatial allocation. Finally, we use network analysis in order to assess the accessibility of cities by road and to evaluate whether this factor influences the location of civil conflicts. Our preliminary results suggest a link between multipolar urban hierarchies and separatism. This paper constitutes a good demonstration of how conflict studies can benefit from an interdisciplinary approach. Finally, this research highlights the conflict-resolution potential of a rather politically-insensitive issue such as spatial planning.