Suchergebnisse

For more than two decades post-communist political parties have sought to increase their popular legitimacy. The membership organisation is one way to achieve this goal, but its size varies considerably across parties. This article contributes to research on the causes of membership variation by analysing the effects of party statute regulations. In doing so, it controls for previous explanations such as age, ideology, incumbency, and electoral support. The analysis focuses on 28 parliamentary parties from six Eastern European countries between 2005 and 2008, using qualitative content analysis and statistics. The empirical evidence supports the expectation that political parties with more regulations benefit from having larger membership organisations. The multivariate analysis shows statute provisions to be the second-best predictors of membership size.

Article analyzes the relation between legal and internal regulations and acts in public administration focusing on their hierarchy, quantity, liability in specific area of armed forces. There is wide range and amount of relatively autonomous service regulations and official channels (internal orders, guidelines, advices). Although any internal regulations have to be in accordance with superior sources of law, relation between legal and internal level is not clear. Article exemplary outlines, that consistent system of internal rules is based especially on running and immediate updates to meet harmony with legal code.

Article analyses the relation between legal and internal regulations and other management acts in public administration, focusing on their own hierarchy, quantity, liability in specific areas of Czech armed forces. The first part was published in Military Review No. 4/2013; this following section focuses on the creation of internal management acts and their releasing for the recipients. The article also emphasizes the need for a stable organization, which is necessary for the effective implementation of personnel management, personnel control and the so-called internal and external legislations.

ABSTRACT**: This paper aims at proposing an economic analysis of mixed enterprises in local utilities. We suggest that the public service concession to mixed enterprises could embody a noteworthy substitute to the traditional public provision and the concession to totally private enterprises. The starting point of the entire analysis is that ownership allows the (public) owner to gather more information about the actual management of the firm, according to property rights theory. Following it, we conclude that under certain conditions mixed enterprises could significantly reduce asymmetric information between regulators and regulated firms by implementing a sort of 'internal' regulation. With more information, the public authority can stimulate the private operator to be more efficient and can monitor it more effectively with respect to the fulfilment of contractual obligations. Moreover, concerning the latter function, the board of directors of these enterprises can be the suitable place where public and private representatives can meet to solve all disputes arising from incomplete contracts.

Draft of internal regulations for the United States Military Academy at West Point. The following is paraphrased from the original. It is not a complete transcription. 1st: Time for academics and for military and other duty set by superintendent 2nd: Superintendent can mandate private examinations no more than twice a month, as well as public examinations required in the General Regulations 3rd: Superintendent to report every three months on the condition of the Institution 4th: Each month the Superintendent will inspect uniforms, arms, accoutrements, public property and report to the Department of War 5th: Monthly reports will be received from the military storekeeper and tailor on prices charged and articles furnished. Copies will be sent by the Superintendent to the Secretary of War, Inspector and the Board of Visitors at the next general examination 6th: At general examinations every cadet has the right to be examined in all branches of science and instruction passed through and will take his standing accordingly 7th: Cadets caught selling public property will be reprimanded, confined, suspended or dismissed, depending on the circumstances 8th: No cadet may sell clothing without permission of the Superintendent or will be reprimanded, confined, suspended or dismissed, depending on the circumstances 9th: Cadets are not to trade or purchase or contract debt without the permission of the Superintendent or they will reprimanded, confined, suspended or dismissed, depending on the circumstances 10th: Cadets that do not discharge debts at payday will be reprimanded, confined, suspended or dismissed, depending on the circumstances 11th: Gambling, games of chance, profanity, immoral or vicious conduct is prohibited or the cadet will be reprimanded, confined, suspended or dismissed, depending on the circumstances 12th: Cadets who disobey orders or engage in refractory behavior or who persuade another to do same will be dismissed 13th: Cadets who show disrespect to their superior officer or professor will be reprimanded, confined, suspended or dismissed, depending on the circumstances 14th: Cadets who engage in dissipated or vicious habits, unless they reform within a reasonable time will be dismissed 15th: Cadets will maintain strict adherence to duty; if habitually negligent will be dismissed 16th: Cadets will be neat in dress and will keep their arms and accoutrements in order 17th: Rooms and furniture will be kept in perfect order; if wantonly damaged those responsible will make reparations and will be reprimanded, confined, suspended or dismissed, depending on the circumstances 18th: No furloughs or leaves of absence will be granted other than vacations or cases of urgent necessity. If cadets do not return on the expiration of their leaves without proper excuse, they will be reprimanded, confined, suspended or dismissed, depending on the circumstances 19th: Cadets absent from duty without excuse will be reprimanded, given extra duty or confined 20th: Divine service on Sunday is mandatory. No furloughs or leaves of absence will be granted. Cadets are to study in their own rooms. 21st: If a cadet displays conduct unbecoming an officer and gentleman, he will be dismissed 22nd [in pencil: 23rd]: Regulations for police not in these regulations will be established by the Superintendent as expedient 23rd [in pencil: 22nd]: Dueling is prohibited and both the principal and accessory will be dismissed

The relationship between the executive and the legislative power in Morocco is regulated by strong constitutional and regulatory legal tools. This legal bedrock allows the executive institutions to implement law with effectiveness. The government is both politically responsible to the Moroccan parliament and monarchy. These considerations lead us to the clear conclusion according which Moroccan parliament is bicameral with an important role played by the King.The place of the house of representatives in Moroccan political system proceeds from the constitution. Its organization and its functioning is based on its internal regulation. However, the latter has not the constitutionals value in the proper sense of this. Nevertheless, the above said regulation are rooted in constitution and some organic law. Today, the Morocco Kingdom is in its 10th legislature with a more recent constitution of 2011. The question of international regulation remains the major problem to which the houses of representative is confronted to. However, the Moroccan constituent authorized the house of the representative to write its internal regulation under the control of constitutional court. Those constitutional basis lead to the clear conclusion according which the house of representative has a big influence in parliamentarian work in Morocco. ; Les rapports entre le pouvoir exécutif et le pouvoir législatif au Maroc sont réglementés par des dispositions constitutionnelles et législatives fortes, dont la mise en œuvre effective garantit aux institutions du pouvoir exécutif de jouer un rôle déterminant au niveau de la décision politique et juridique. Le gouvernement est responsable politiquement à la fois, devant le parlement et devant le roi. On peut affirmer ici sans risque de se tromper qu'il s'agit d'un régime parlementaire dualiste dans lequel le roi joue un rôle politique très important. La place de la chambre des représentants dans le système politique marocain découle de la constitution. Son organisation et son fonctionnement est ...

The relationship between the executive and the legislative power in Morocco is regulated by strong constitutional and regulatory legal tools. This legal bedrock allows the executive institutions to implement law with effectiveness. The government is both politically responsible to the Moroccan parliament and monarchy. These considerations lead us to the clear conclusion according which Moroccan parliament is bicameral with an important role played by the King.The place of the house of representatives in Moroccan political system proceeds from the constitution. Its organization and its functioning is based on its internal regulation. However, the latter has not the constitutionals value in the proper sense of this. Nevertheless, the above said regulation are rooted in constitution and some organic law. Today, the Morocco Kingdom is in its 10th legislature with a more recent constitution of 2011. The question of international regulation remains the major problem to which the houses of representative is confronted to. However, the Moroccan constituent authorized the house of the representative to write its internal regulation under the control of constitutional court. Those constitutional basis lead to the clear conclusion according which the house of representative has a big influence in parliamentarian work in Morocco. ; Les rapports entre le pouvoir exécutif et le pouvoir législatif au Maroc sont réglementés par des dispositions constitutionnelles et législatives fortes, dont la mise en œuvre effective garantit aux institutions du pouvoir exécutif de jouer un rôle déterminant au niveau de la décision politique et juridique. Le gouvernement est responsable politiquement à la fois, devant le parlement et devant le roi. On peut affirmer ici sans risque de se tromper qu'il s'agit d'un régime parlementaire dualiste dans lequel le roi joue un rôle politique très important. La place de la chambre des représentants dans le système politique marocain découle de la constitution. Son organisation et son fonctionnement est régi par le règlement intérieur. Les dispositions de ce dernier n'ont pas en elles-mêmes la valeur constitutionnelle. Il a pour fondement la constitution et certaines lois organiques. Aujourd'hui le Maroc en est à sa dixième législature sous l'égide de la constitution de 2011.L'une des difficultés fondamentales auxquelles est confrontée la chambre des représentants reste la question du règlement intérieur. Toutefois, le constituant se montre attentif quant au rôle de la chambre des représentants. En effet, le rédacteur de la constitution a donné à la chambre de représentant le pouvoir d'adopter son propre règlement d'ordre tout en réservant à la cour constitutionnelles le pouvoir de d'en vérifier la constitutionnalité. Il ressort de ces bases constitutionnelles que la loi interne de la chambre des représentants a une grande influence sur le déroulement des travaux parlementaires.