Suchergebnisse

Огнетушители, как правило, применяются в операциях пожаротушения легковоспламеняющихся жидкостей, в которых используются их изоляционные свойства, герметизация и подавление процесса горения. Целью этой статьи является проведение рассуждений и сравнительный анализ наиболее часто используемых противопожарных пен в словацких противопожарных департаментах, учитывая не только их высокую эффективность пожаротушения (способность подавать их во время тушения пожаров на большой площади при низком уровне использования), а также воздействия на окружающую среду, учитывая каждый их жизненный цикл. Огнетушители, как правило, используются, чтобы уменьшить распространение зоны горения и тушения пожара класса B, а также предотвращения повторного загорания. Пены, используемые в анализе, используются для защиты от воспламенения разливов горючей жидкости, а при определенных обстоятельствах для тушения пожаров класса А. Тестированные пены могут быть использованы в комбинации с другими веществами подавляющими процесс горения, в основном с газами и порошками. Современные гасящие пены должны обладать не только соответствующими физическими свойствами, но и в последнее время, должны соответствовать положениям REACH, касающихся экологических и токсикологических свойств. Если гасящая пена используется для тушения пожаров на больших поверхностях, под влиянием времени из пены вытекает вода, напоминающая поток воды и почвы, которая смывает земную поверхность, одновременно загрязняя ее. Используемые в статье все виды пен имеют разные токсикологические характеристики, поэтому компоненты пены и определяют скорость её биодеградации. Токсикологический тест Синапс Альба показывает значительную токсичность пены даже при низких концентрациях. В статье представлен анализ для четырех пен, образуемых из пенно-образовательных веществ: Sthamex AFFF 1%, Sthamex AFFF F-15, Pyronil, Moussol APS F-15. Необходимым является знание их свойств, таких как их устойчивость при низких и высоких температурах, определяемые как время половины срока, количество пены, указанное для тяжелой, средней и легкой пены, а также их вязкость, чтобы правильно выбрать тип пены во время проведения спасательных и гасящих действийExtinguishing foams are commonly used for extinguishing the fire of flammable liquids, whereby their insulating, choking and quenching effects are exploited. The purpose of this paper is to consider and compare foams currently used in Slovak fire departments, with respect mainly to their high extinguishing ef fect (capability of faster aborted burning on a large surf ace at low foam consumption), but also their impact on the environment in each stage of their life cycle. Fire fighting foams are commonly used to reduce the spreading and extinguishing of Class B fires and to prevent re ignition. These foams can be used t o prevent ignition of flammable liquids and in certain conditions for extinguishing Class A fires. Foams can be used in combination with other extinctive substances, mainly gaseous and powders ones. Modern fire fighting foams can be considered to be ve ry good in terms of physical characteristics, but in recent years, the REACH legislation draws attention to their ecotoxicological properties. If fire fighting foams are used to extinguish large fires, their products (such as decomposed water from the form ed foam) are very likely to get into the soil and water flow, concurrently affecting the possibility of wastewater purification. All types of foam have different ecological characteristics since their components determine the rate of biodegradation. The ec otoxicological tests of Sinapis alba also showed that even a low concentration of foamer exhibits significant toxicity. Tis paper descri be of analysis for four foam: Sthamex AFFF 1 %, Sthamex AFFF F 15, Pyronil, Moussol APS F 15. It is necessary to know t heir physical characteristics, e.g. their stability at low and high temperatures defined by half life; the number of foaming specifying whether it is heavy, medium or light foam, and also their viscosity pro perties to be appropriately selected and used in fire fighting practice.

Following the financial crisis, many home mortgage borrowers found themselves living in properties encumbered by debt that far exceeded their value. The result was an increase in mortgage default rates, followed by a wave of foreclosures as lenders scrambled to minimize the financial damage to their investments. From the wreckage, a new creature emerged that threatened to devastate borrowers who believed that foreclosure was their chance for a fresh start: the zombie mortgage. With a spike in lenders failing or declining to foreclose on properties, borrowers were unexpectedly facing an unwanted burden of homeownership that would cause them and their communities severe distress. As states and courts began to fight back, the number of zombie mortgages declined. Yet to this day, zombies can be found across the country and the risk that more will rise is quite real. This Note argues that a potential solution is for state legislatures to enact forced vesting provisions. Specifically, this Note evaluates the potential effect of such laws through a law and economics lens and concludes that such provisions would be beneficial.

The ways that social advocates organize to fight unaffordable housing and homelessness in Los Angeles, illuminated by a new conceptual framework for studying collective actionHow Civic Action Works renews the tradition of inquiry into collective, social problem solving. Paul Lichterman follows grassroots activists, nonprofit organization staff, and community service volunteers in three coalitions and twelve organizations in Los Angeles as they campaign for affordable housing, develop new housing, or address homelessness. Lichterman shows that to understand how social advocates build their campaigns, craft claims, and choose goals, we need to move beyond well-established thinking about what is strategic.Lichterman presents a pragmatist-inspired sociological framework that illuminates core tasks of social problem solving, both contentious and noncontentious, by grassroots and professional advocates alike. He reveals that advocates' distinct styles of collective action produce different understandings of what is strategic, and generate different dilemmas for advocates because each style accommodates varying social and institutional pressures. We see, too, how patterns of interaction create a cultural filter that welcomes some claims about housing problems while subordinating or delegitimating others. These cultural patterns help solve conceptual and practical puzzles, such as why coalitions fragment when members agree on many things, and what makes advocacy campaigns separate housing from homelessness or affordability from environmental sustainability. Lichterman concludes by turning this action-centered framework toward improving dialogue between social advocates and researchers.Using extensive ethnography enriched by archival evidence, How Civic Action Works explains how advocates meet the relational and rhetorical challenges of collective action

Research on the linkage between financing the war and the deportation of Jews stands just at its beginnings. Götz Aly demonstrates how the German occupational administration in Greece, in 1942, started to fight Greek currency inflation, brought about by the Wehrmacht's exorbitant monetary demands, by selling gold and other valuables belonging to Saloniki Jews. This operation met with some success. Arranged as it was with the Greek Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Greece, it was carried out highly secretly – only very few documentary traces were left. But they suffice to show that Hitler's special commissioner for the economic and financial stabilization of Greece, the Viennese Hermann Neubacher, in order to fulfil his mission was accompanied by a special officer in the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Judenreferent). The fact that properties of Greek Jews were sold to non-Jewish Greeks, and the equivalent went to the Wehrmacht in form of paper money, the present Greek government seems to be more interested in covering up than bringing light into the operation. ; Research on the linkage between financing the war and the deportation of Jews stands just at its beginnings. Götz Aly demonstrates how the German occupational administration in Greece, in 1942, started to fight Greek currency inflation, brought about by the Wehrmacht's exorbitant monetary demands, by selling gold and other valuables belonging to Saloniki Jews. This operation met with some success. Arranged as it was with the Greek Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Greece, it was carried out highly secretly – only very few documentary traces were left. But they suffice to show that Hitler's special commissioner for the economic and financial stabilization of Greece, the Viennese Hermann Neubacher, in order to fulfil his mission was accompanied by a special officer in the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Judenreferent). The fact that properties of Greek Jews were sold to non-Jewish Greeks, and the equivalent went to the Wehrmacht in form of paper money, the present Greek government seems to be more interested in covering up than bringing light into the operation.

La ricerca è dedicata a verificare se e come, a livello dell'Unione europea, la lotta alla criminalità (ed in particolare quella organizzata) venga condotta nel rispetto di diritti e libertà fondamentali, e se la cooperazione tra Stati membri su questo fronte possa giungere a promuovere standard omogenei ed elevati di tutela degli stessi. Gli ambiti di cooperazione interessati sono principalmente quello giudiziario in materia penale e quello di polizia, e la ritrosia degli Stati a cedere all'Unione competenze in materia si è accompagnata ad un ritardo ancora maggiore dell'emersione, nell'ambito degli stessi, della dimensione dei diritti. Ciò ha reso molto difficile lo sviluppo completo ed equilibrato di uno "spazio di libertà, sicurezza e giustizia" (art. 67 TFUE). L'assetto istituzionale introdotto dal Trattato di Lisbona e l'attribuzione di valore giuridico vincolante alla Carta hanno però posto le basi per il superamento della condizione precedente, anche grazie al fatto che, negli ambiti richiamati, la salvaguardia dei diritti è divenuta competenza ed obiettivo esplicito dell'Unione. Centrale è per la ricerca la cooperazione giudiziaria in materia penale, che ha visto la ricca produzione normativa di stampo repressivo recentemente bilanciata da interventi del legislatore europeo a finalità garantista e promozionale. L'analisi degli strumenti nella prospettiva indicata all'inizio dell'esposizione è quindi oggetto della prima parte dell'elaborato. La seconda parte affronta invece la cooperazione di polizia e quello degli interventi volti alla confisca dei beni e ad impedire il riciclaggio, misure – queste ultime - di particolare rilievo soprattutto per il contrasto al crimine organizzato. Sottesi all'azione dell'Unione in queste materie sono, in modo preponderante, due diritti: quello alla salvaguardia dei dati personali e quello al rispetto della proprietà privata. Questi, anche in ragione delle peculiarità che li caratterizzano e della loro natura di diritti non assoluti, sono analizzati con particolare attenzione. ; The research is aimed at verifying whether and how, at the EU level, the fight against crime (particularly against organized crime) is perpetuated in full respect of fundamental rights and freedoms, and whether cooperation among Member States in this field can promote high and homogeneous standards of protection. Judicial cooperation in criminal matters and police cooperation are the relevant areas of intervention, and Member States' reluctance to give competences to the Union has been accompanied with an even stronger delay in the emergence of the dimension of rights in those fields. The development of an equilibrated "area of freedom, security and justice" (art. 67 TFEU) has been therefore very difficult. The institutional framework introduced by the Lisbon Treaty and the legally binding value attributed to the Charter have put the basis to overcome the former situation, also thanks to the fact that, in the recalled fields, the safeguard of rights has become competence and objective of the Union. Judicial cooperation in criminal matters is at the centre of the research as it has witnessed, next to the rich normative production aimed at repression, the recent adoption of a series of legislative acts finalized at guarantying and promoting individual rights. The analysis of both types of instruments in the perspective individuated at the beginning of the presentation constitutes the content of the first part of the work. The second part concerns police cooperation and the intervention of the Union to confiscate properties and to hinder money-laundering - intervention particularly relevant in fighting organized crime. Those two fields of cooperation create risks especially in relation to two rights: the right to protection of personal data and the right to property. Given their peculiar characteristics and their common nature of non-absolute rights, they receive a particular focus in the analysis.

В статье рассматриваются воинские формирования (ВФ) как сложные организационно-технические системы военного назначения, обладающие внутренними ресурсами. Делается предположение об S-образном характере функции отражающей зависимость боевого потенциала ВФ от усложнения организационной структуры системы. На примере модели стрелкового полка иллюстрируется изменение эмерджентных свойств системы, обеспечивающих рост боевого потенциала при усложнении ее организационной структуры. ; У статті розглядаються військові формування як складні організаційно-технічні системи військового призначення, що мають внутрішні ресурси. Робиться припущення про S-образний характер функції, що відображає залежність бойового потенціалу ВФ від ускладнення організаційної структури системи. На прикладі моделі стрілецького полку демонструється зміна емерджентних властивостей системи, що забезпечують зростання бойового потенціалу при ускладненні її організаційної структури. ; In article military formations are considered as the difficult organizational and technical military-oriented systems that have internal resources . The assumption about S-shaped character of function that reflects the dependence of military formation fighting potential on complication of the system organisational structure is done. On the example of shooting regiment model the change of emergent properties of the system that provide the growth of fighting potential at complication of the organisational structure is shown.

Рассматриваются методические аспекты обоснования, оценивания и прогнозирования боевых возможностей и технического состояния образцов вооружения и военной техники на этапе их концептуально-обликовых исследований. ; Розглядаються методичні аспекти обґрунтування, оцінювання та прогнозування бойових можливостей і технічного стану зразків озброєння і військової техніки на етапі їх концептуально-облікових досліджень. ; The methodical aspects of the study, evaluation and prediction of combat capabilities and technical status of weapons and military equipment on the stage of conceptual research.

In Ghosts of Organizations Past, Dan Ryan asks, "Why are urban communities such hard places to implement community improvement programs?" Looking at New Haven, Connecticut, and a now-defunct program called Fighting Back, which was created to build community coalitions against the abuse of alcohol and other drugs, Ryan shows how the normal properties of organizations generate apparent pathologies. He shows how the "ghosts," or artifacts, of past organizations, both inhibited and enhanced Fighting Back's chances of success.Ryan draws on concepts from the study of organizations, social capital, a

During the last decade, uncooled microbolometer infrared detectors have attracted the attention of military and civilian infrared detection and imaging industry due to their significant advantages. In actuality, infrared imaging systems play a critical role in sectors such as thermography (predictive maintenance and building inspection), commercial and civilian applications (vision automotive, surveillance, navigation and fire-fighting), and defense industry (thermal weapon sight, soldier vision and vehicle vision enhancer). Compared with the cryogenically cooled infrared photon detectors, uncooled infrared imaging technology offers advantages such as operation at room temperature, light weight and size, reduced power consumption, easy integration with read-out electronics and broadband response capability. The motivation for this study is the consideration of silicon as an alternative candidate to replace the standard infrared detector thermosensing materials, as a result of its low cost and easy integration with the actual silicon planar lithography microfabrication techniques. No prior attempts are known in the literature on the use of low doped p-type silicon (p-Si) as a thermosensing material in thermal infrared detectors. The main aim of this research work is the design, modeling and simulation of low doped p-Si based uncooled microbolometer infrared detector. The theoretical optical modeling, and electronic performance are analyzed and explained. Radiative properties, as function of thin film thickness, of some commonly used thin films of dielectric materials, aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum nitride (AlN) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) are investigated within the infrared spectral range of 1.5-14.2 μm. A novel thermally isolated, suspended square-shaped multilayer structure microbolometer is proposed. Its radiative properties are simulated and optimized in the long wavelength spectral range of 8-14 µm (transmission window at room temperature). The performance of the proposed ...

Swedish political parties are characterized by their markedly different support across geographical space. In most cases, the sources of these regional variations date back to the time of the founding of the parties. Moreover, the regional strongholds and the areas of weak support for the parties have survived major societal changes such as the transition from the agrarian to the industrial society, emigration, and urbanization. Why is it that a certain area evolves a political tradition that sets it apart from neighboring areas? This study addresses itself to this and similar topics with empirical emphasis on the Swedish Social Democratic Party (the SAP).The study is based on the conviction that the regional imbalance in the SAP vote originates in the interaction/competition between various social and political movements in the local environment. The initial model used to explain these imbalances comprises three different factors that influence the party's vote: the socio-economic structure, the local organizational environment and the effect of local party organizational efforts.In order to test the importance of these factors three different areas were selected; one strong, one weak, and one unstable in terms of the Social Democratic vote.The findings show that no single factor alone accounts for the variance in the regional support of the SAP. Rather, what is decisive are the interactions within the structural and social properties of a context.By way of conclusion, this study lends support to the following conclusions of the prospects for the SAP to mobilize the electorate: to establish itself in the local setting the party needs an organizational culture, a local party organization and the absence of strong local opinion against the party's activities and organizational efforts. The party also seems to be favored by a high level of political mobilization (participation), whereas there is nothing to suggest that the SAP's prospects of becoming successful are hampered by competition from the left-wing parties. ; digitalisering@umu

Рассматривается ряд основополагающих понятий из военно-технической области при расширенных их представлении и содержательном толковании. Показывается необходимость дальнейшего совершенствования понятийного аппарата, обусловленного происходящими изменениями в военно-технической области. Приводятся требования, предъявляемые к современному понятийному аппарату. ; Розглядається ряд основоположних понять військово-технічної галузі при розширених їх поданні та змістовному тлумаченні. Показується необхідність подальшого вдосконалення понятійного апарату, обумовленого змінами, що відбуваються у військово-технічній галузі. Наводяться вимоги , що пропонуються до сучасного понятійному апарату. ; Addresses a number of fundamental concepts of military-technical cooperation with their advanced performance and meaningful interpretation. The necessity of further improvement of the conceptual apparatus caused the changes taking place in the military-technical sphere. Sets out the requirements for modern conceptual apparatus.

In Ghosts of Organizations Past, Dan Ryan asks, "Why are urban communities such hard places to implement community improvement programs?" Looking at New Haven, Connecticut, and a now-defunct program called Fighting Back, which was created to build community coalitions against the abuse of alcohol and other drugs, Ryan shows how the normal properties of organizations generate apparent pathologies. He shows how the "ghosts," or artifacts, of past organizations, both inhibited and enhanced Fighting Back's chances of success. Ryan draws on concepts from the study of organizations, social capital, and social networks to re-think questions such as "What kind of thing is a community?" and "Why is it so difficult to build community initiatives out of organizations?" He provides a social organizational explanation for problems familiar to anyone who has been involved in community programs, issues that are usually understood as personal incompetence, turf wars, greed, or corruption. Ghosts of Organizations Past describes the challenges of using organizations to create change in places in dire need of it

The article considers a fighting battle hammer from the Novotroitsky-I burial ground, which is kept in the funds of the Museum of the Pedagogical University. The original product was considered lost, and only its primary, not entirely accurate drawing is known in the scientific literature, which was repeatedly attracted by specialists in various studies. Thus, incorrect information about the battle hammer was constantly duplicated. In 2021, in the course of work in the museum's funds, a battle hammer was discovered by one of the authors. As it turned out, the battle hammer underwent a partial restoration, which made it possible to reveal significant morphological features of the object. The purpose of this article is to re-publish the product, considering the new information that has appeared, which significantly refines the information about its design. One of the significant features of the battle hammer) is a diamond-shaped extension at the end of the striker, which enhances its penetrating properties, as well as the presence of such additional details as an inflow and a cap. The latter protect the shaft from splitting. Samples with similar characteristics are practically not known in other territories. The closest analogy is a specimen from the western Tien Shan, originating from the Saka complex. At the same time, coins of a similar appearance are well known from the materials of site located on the territory of the Forest-Steppe Altai. Likely, these characteristics are a local tradition, which allows us to speak of a high level of development of military affairs in this region, since these details significantly increase the combat effectiveness of weapons. The considered battle hammer from the Novotroitsky-I burial ground replenishes the original series of products of this type of weapon, which was popular among the population of the Forest-Steppe Altai in the Scythian time. ; В статье рассматривается железный чекан из могильника Новотроицкое-I, хранящийся в фондах Историко-краеведческого музея Алтайского ...

The article analyzes the "sacred" dimension of the Ukrainian "Orange revolution", its festive or carnivalesque quality, and properties of a communal ritual. The author argues that Ukrainian citizens who protested against the stolen elections in Kyiv found themselves in the liminoid situation of temporary egalitarian utopianism. This situation resulted in the emergence ofcommunitas, and engendered a powerful feeling of the birth of a civic-republican Ukrainian nation. The festive nature of the "Orange revolution", sanctioned by the overwhelming confidence in fighting for the rightful democratic cause, reinforced the impression of renewing the society along Western liberal democratic patterns.

Introduction / by Arundhati Roy -- The properties of perpetual light -- Go with the moon -- No country for eight-spot butterflies -- My mother's bamboo bracelets : a handful of lessons on saving the world -- A handful of lessons on saving the world -- Sherman Alexie looked me dead in the eye once -- More right -- Birthday cakes mean birthdays -- Yugu means yoke -- A crowbar and a conch shell -- The gift Anne gave me -- Nirmal Hriday -- Mugo' -- The ocean within -- We have no need for scientists/59 we reach for you -- Reflections while driving -- Nikki and me -- Onion and garlic -- Fighting words -- Yeye tere -- Our father -- Gaosåli -- Curved sticks and cowry shells : a conversation between Julian Aguon & Desiree Taimanglo-Ventura.