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How does monetization affect interpersonal relationships? Drawing on social phenomenology, I argue that an answer must account for money's symbolic dualism: On the one hand, as Zelizer has shown, money is differentially earmarked according to the interpersonal relationships it flows through. On the other hand, in everyday life, people tend to associate money with cold impersonality. Money's dual association with both the interpersonal and the impersonal imbues the relationships it flows through with a sense of risk, which I call "the risk of lost meanings." Analyzing the implications of this sense of risk, I argue that it turns trust into a relational preoccupation and constrains intersubjective experience. The risk of lost meanings may motivate risk-avoidance strategies, but these strategies are largely counterproductive. Shedding new light on a long-standing debate in the sociology of money, I discuss the implications of this argument for analyses of monetary developments and local currencies.

Abstract  Although nationalism appears to be a kind of particularism, in fact we often find nationalist movements emerging within the trend toward universalism. For example, contemporary storms of nationalism are taking place in an era of unprecedented universalization in politics, economics and technology. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the mechanism which generates nationalism by explaining the contradictory intersection between particularism and universalism. First, the paper looks at the difficulty in defining the nation, and shows that there are two historical stages in the establishment of nation. Second. the difference between social experiences in a nation and those in pre‐nation society are discovered through consideration of the fact that the novel and the nation developed contemporaneously. Thus it is established that social experiences in nation are characterized by the acquisition of special transcendent viewpoint. Third, the paper searches for the origin of nationalism in the traditional European political theory according to which the king has two bodies. Fourth, the paper attempts to integrate two excellent theories of nationalism: those of Gellner and Anderson. Fifth, the paper analyses types of nationalism so as to clarify the inner structure of the transcendence proper to nationalism. Finally, this paper explains the mechanism of nationalism by relating it to the dynamics of capitalism. The explanation will enable us to understand why the nationalism chauvinism suddenly reemerges in today's Eastern European societies when they are exposed to capitalism.

What do citizens say about Europe? Before the crisis of 2008 citizens in Britain, France and Francophone Belgium were 'overlooking' Europe by ignoring it in favour of globalisation, economic flows, and crises of political corruption. Innovative focus group methods allow analysis of the nature of their reactions and positions. Chapter focuses on social differences and compares the way the discussion evolved among workers and employees by comparison with managers and militants. While the former articulate indifference to and ambivalence about Europe, the latter who engage in conflict about European issues. The chapter demonstrates how European identity is a red herring in the sense that it does not help understanding what is at stake in the current transformation of citizens' attitude towards their political community. ; Que disent les citoyens de l'Europe? Ce livre rend compte de la façon dont, avant la crise de 2008, les citoyens en France, en Angleterre et en Belgique francophone tendent à ignorer le niveau européen pour se concentrer sur la globalisation, les flux économiques et la défiance à l'égard des politiques. L'utilisation innovante d'entretiens collectifs permet d'analyser la nature de leurs réactions au processus d'intégration. Le chapitre 3 porte sur les différences sociales et compare la façon dont les discussions entre les ouvriers et les employés évoluent par contraste avec les cadres et les militants. Autant l'indifférence et/ou l'ambivalence domine dans les conversations des premiers, autant les autres, les militants et cadres s'opposent sur les questions européennes. Le chapitre montre comment l'identité européenne est largement un leurre qui n'aide pas à comprendre ce qui est en jeu actuellement dans la transformation des attitudes des citoyens à l'égard de leur communauté politique.

What do citizens say about Europe? Before the crisis of 2008 citizens in Britain, France and Francophone Belgium were 'overlooking' Europe by ignoring it in favour of globalisation, economic flows, and crises of political corruption. Innovative focus group methods allow analysis of the nature of their reactions and positions. Chapter focuses on social differences and compares the way the discussion evolved among workers and employees by comparison with managers and militants. While the former articulate indifference to and ambivalence about Europe, the latter who engage in conflict about European issues. The chapter demonstrates how European identity is a red herring in the sense that it does not help understanding what is at stake in the current transformation of citizens' attitude towards their political community. ; Que disent les citoyens de l'Europe? Ce livre rend compte de la façon dont, avant la crise de 2008, les citoyens en France, en Angleterre et en Belgique francophone tendent à ignorer le niveau européen pour se concentrer sur la globalisation, les flux économiques et la défiance à l'égard des politiques. L'utilisation innovante d'entretiens collectifs permet d'analyser la nature de leurs réactions au processus d'intégration. Le chapitre 3 porte sur les différences sociales et compare la façon dont les discussions entre les ouvriers et les employés évoluent par contraste avec les cadres et les militants. Autant l'indifférence et/ou l'ambivalence domine dans les conversations des premiers, autant les autres, les militants et cadres s'opposent sur les questions européennes. Le chapitre montre comment l'identité européenne est largement un leurre qui n'aide pas à comprendre ce qui est en jeu actuellement dans la transformation des attitudes des citoyens à l'égard de leur communauté politique.

What do citizens say about Europe? Before the crisis of 2008 citizens in Britain, France and Francophone Belgium were 'overlooking' Europe by ignoring it in favour of globalisation, economic flows, and crises of political corruption. Innovative focus group methods allow analysis of the nature of their reactions and positions. Chapter focuses on social differences and compares the way the discussion evolved among workers and employees by comparison with managers and militants. While the former articulate indifference to and ambivalence about Europe, the latter who engage in conflict about European issues. The chapter demonstrates how European identity is a red herring in the sense that it does not help understanding what is at stake in the current transformation of citizens' attitude towards their political community. ; Que disent les citoyens de l'Europe? Ce livre rend compte de la façon dont, avant la crise de 2008, les citoyens en France, en Angleterre et en Belgique francophone tendent à ignorer le niveau européen pour se concentrer sur la globalisation, les flux économiques et la défiance à l'égard des politiques. L'utilisation innovante d'entretiens collectifs permet d'analyser la nature de leurs réactions au processus d'intégration. Le chapitre 3 porte sur les différences sociales et compare la façon dont les discussions entre les ouvriers et les employés évoluent par contraste avec les cadres et les militants. Autant l'indifférence et/ou l'ambivalence domine dans les conversations des premiers, autant les autres, les militants et cadres s'opposent sur les questions européennes. Le chapitre montre comment l'identité européenne est largement un leurre qui n'aide pas à comprendre ce qui est en jeu actuellement dans la transformation des attitudes des citoyens à l'égard de leur communauté politique.

This keynote presentation examined some strengths, weaknesses, and above all some ambiguities in the uses and meanings of gerunds and participles, in considering "Organizing, Designing and Managing", and their overlapping, within current neoliberal times. Principally, gerunds and participles can either invoke agency and agentic action, or can refer to process with less explicit attention to individual agency. Examples of both agentic and process approaches to organizing, managing, and designing are given. The final section addresses dilemmas, possibly new dilemmas, in such approaches, in terms of: the onset of new and/or not so new realities?; the politics and/or the ontology of process itself?; and the local and/or the transnational? ; This keynote presentation examined some strengths, weaknesses, and above all some ambiguities in the uses and meanings of gerunds and participles, in considering "Organizing, Designing and Managing", and their overlapping, within current neoliberal times. Principally, gerunds and participles can either invoke agency and agentic action, or can refer to process with less explicit attention to individual agency. Examples of both agentic and process approaches to organizing, managing, and designing are given. The final section addresses dilemmas, possibly new dilemmas, in such approaches, in terms of: the onset of new and/or not so new realities?; the politics and/or the ontology of process itself?; and the local and/or the transnational?

This keynote presentation examined some strengths, weaknesses, and above all some ambiguities in the uses and meanings of gerunds and participles, in considering "Organizing, Designing and Managing", and their overlapping, within current neoliberal times. Principally, gerunds and participles can either invoke agency and agentic action, or can refer to process with less explicit attention to individual agency. Examples of both agentic and process approaches to organizing, managing, and designing are given. The final section addresses dilemmas, possibly new dilemmas, in such approaches, in terms of: the onset of new and/or not so new realities?; the politics and/or the ontology of process itself?; and the local and/or the transnational?

AbstractThis article examines the chapter on īhām (literary amphiboly) in Ḥadāʾiq al-Siḥr by Rashīd Vaṭvāṭ (d. 1182). Ḥadāʾiq, a treatise on stylistics with Persian and Arabic examples, is the oldest extant document to define īhām. Vaṭvāṭ's definition of īhām sheds light on the mechanism and function of this literary technique. This article argues that īhām, according to Vaṭvāṭ, operates through the creation of semantic fields and defamiliarization. Previous scholars who examined this chapter of Ḥadāʾiq, oblivious to this point, have made a number of misinterpretations. However, by analyzing the name he prefers for this figure of speech, the definition he gives, and the examples he cites to explain it, this article demonstrates that Vaṭvāṭ had this function of defamiliarization in mind.

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the public defense of academic theses entailed the publication of a written presentation of aspirant's conclusions. They were printed in the form of broadsides or booklets decorated with coats of arms, portraits and other ornaments, and were posted at the entrance of college halls or distributed to the audience. During the seventeenth century, these paratextual devices developed into increasingly complex images filling the entire broadsheet. They were intended to praise the applicants' protectors, who were generally scholarly, religious or political personalities. This article will examine the iconic systems—the symbolic and the allegorical— brought into play in thesis images that express the overabundance of the signified in relation to a single signifier. From the start, academic broadsides were regularly populated with personifications of Science, the Liberal Arts, Virtues, Wisdom, War and Peace, towns or countries, etc., which served to highlight key individuals, their heraldry devices and the accompanying texts. In thesis prints produced in the Southern Low Countries, these figures simultaneously play a cognitive and a laudatory role.

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the public defense of academic theses entailed the publication of a written presentation of aspirant's conclusions. They were printed in the form of broadsides or booklets decorated with coats of arms, portraits and other ornaments, and were posted at the entrance of college halls or distributed to the audience. During the seventeenth century, these paratextual devices developed into increasingly complex images filling the entire broadsheet. They were intended to praise the applicants' protectors, who were generally scholarly, religious or political personalities. This article will examine the iconic systems—the symbolic and the allegorical— brought into play in thesis images that express the overabundance of the signified in relation to a single signifier. From the start, academic broadsides were regularly populated with personifications of Science, the Liberal Arts, Virtues, Wisdom, War and Peace, towns or countries, etc., which served to highlight key individuals, their heraldry devices and the accompanying texts. In thesis prints produced in the Southern Low Countries, these figures simultaneously play a cognitive and a laudatory role.

Introduction -- Part I: The Concept of Violence -- 1. Violence as Metaphor, Vasti Roodt -- 2. Violence and Essentialism, Lode Lauwaert -- Part II: Transcendental Violence -- 3. The Temporality of Violence: Destruction, Dissolution and the Construction of Sense, Felix Ó Murchadha -- 4. Reflections on the Meanings of Religious Violence: Phenomenological Exploration, Michael Staudigl -- 5. The Violence of the Singular, Arthur Cools -- 6. Is Violence Inescapable? Derrida, Religion, and the Irreducibly of Violence, Jason Alvis -- Part III: Immanent Violence -- 7. The Double Meaning of Violence: Catharsis and Mimesis, Nidesh Lawtoo -- 8. The Last Second, or Eternity: Ernst Jünger Looking at Photographs of the First World War, Stéphane Symons and Tammy Castelein -- Part IV: Individual Violence -- 9. Torturous Violence: A Phenomenological Approach to the Violence in the Acts of Torture, Jeremy Heuslein -- 10. Oppressed by Shame: From Auschwitz To A Politics of Revolt, Debra Bergoffen -- 11. Forming the Individual: Castoriadis and Lacan on the Socio-Symbolic Function of Violence, Gavin Rae

Legal consciousness is vulnerable to sudden and profound change, even when there is no disruption to social or administrative routine. Such dilemmas pose problems that are at once hermeneutic, pragmatic and textual involving issues of recognition, decision making, agency, representation and discursive management, among other things. In this essay, I explore these issues by drawing on mixed media and genres comparative ethnography (from the margins of neoliberalism), current events (the Bush administration's case for war in Iraq and the campaign to ban same-sex marriage), and literary text (Shakespeare's King Lear). Reading across these sources, my purpose is to advance the case for taking the literariness of state power seriously as a register in which core propositions about the relationship between legitimacy and democratic accountability can be asserted and contested through the language of everyday life.