Suchergebnisse

The proliferation of misinformation in contemporary information environments contributes to increasing polarization and decreasing trust in institutions and experts, both of which encourage further proliferation of misinformation. Increasing attention has been brought to the role of news media in the spread and uptake of misinformation, and to the role of journalists and news organizations in combatting this spread. Constructive journalism is a relatively new approach to reporting which, among other aims, looks to increase audience engagement, reduce polarization, and provide a more accurate view of events. In early 2020, we interviewed 16 journalism professionals from Europe (UK inclusive), Australia, Africa, and North America across a range formats to explore their perceptions of the use 'constructive' reporting strategies to address the spread of misinformation. We used thematic analysis to produce three themes and six subthemes in journalists' responses, 'apathy against the machine', with subthemes 'journalism as a moderator', and 'news and mental health'; 'standards as shared reality', with subthemes, 'pluralism not postmodernism', and 'this means information war'; and 'truth, trust, and the turn to transparency', with subthemes, 'facts necessary but not sufficient', and 'principles not particulars'. Constructive journalism was thought to address misinformation by increasing engagement with news and institutions, reducing polarization, providing a sense of shared reality amidst increasingly diverse perspectives, increasing trust, and reducing misperceptions encouraged by selection and reporting strategies. Constructive journalism may be a promising approach to addressing the spread and consequences of misinformation, however, empirical work is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the approach.

Lay definitions tend to conceptualize stress as negative, undesirable, and maladaptive. However, contemporary stress models emphasize the differentiation between negative and positive stress responses, known as distress and eustress. Despite prominent theoretical conceptualisations accepting the existence of eustress, the vast majority of stress measures tend to focus exclusively on the distress response. The current study introduces the Adolescent Distress-Eustress Scale (ADES) which holistically captures both aspects of the stress response, bridging the gap between theory and measurement and counteracting the typically negatively focused approach to stress research. The ADES was systematically developed and tested in a socio-educationally diverse sample of 981 adolescents ( Mage= 15.19, 50.62% female). The finalized self-report scale consists of two 5-item subscales, individually indexing distress and eustress. Initial psychometric properties of the ADES are promising, and the scale has the potential to meet the needs of researchers, schools, and organizations.

1. Returning Humans to the Moon (Stacey Henderson, Melissa de Zwart) -- 2. Optimising Mission Success: A Holistic Approach to Selecting the Best People to Travel to Space (Melissa Oxlad, Sharni Whitburn, Adam James Carter) -- 3. Clear Thinking in Deep Space: A Guide by Cognitive Scientists (Anastasia Ejova, Rachel A Searston, Rachel Stephens, Carolyn Semmler) -- 4. The Challenges and Opportunities of Human-Robot Interaction for Deep Space Habitation (Anna Ma-Wyatt, Justin Fidock, Jessica O'Reilly, Heidi Long, John Culton) -- 5. Legal and Ethical Planetary Protection Frameworks for Crewed Missions (Melissa de Zwart, Stacey Henderson, Rachel Neef) -- 6. Moon Resources and a Proposition for Supply Chains (Manuel Varon Hoyos, Nigel J Cook, Volker Hessel) -- 7. CSR/ESG in Commercial Space Operations and the Artemis Accords (Francesco de Zwart, Stacey Henderson, John Culton) -- 8. Back to the Moon: Cooperation and Conflict (Marco Aliberti, Vinicuis Guedes Gonçalves de Olivera, Rodrigo Praino).