Suchergebnisse

In this work a power characterization of adult stages of the species Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens has been made. The study has been made in six different plantations in Cantabria (North coast of Spain), located at a latitude 43º28'N, and a longitude 3º48'W. The region has approximately 30,000 Ha dedicated to the growth of Eucalyptus. After the collection of samples they were weighed, analyzed and burned, resulting a mean net calorific value of 17,384 kJ/kg and 17,927 kJ/kg for the E. globulus and E. nitens, respectively. Finally, the economic and environmental consequences that the crop of these species would suppose for the region of Cantabria were analyzed. ; The authors want to thank to the Council on Research and Technological Development of the University of Cantabria by their financial support, to the company Bosques 2000 S.L. for his great help and to the Forest Department of the Government of Cantabria by its support in the collection of samples and data.

The grid integration of renewable energy, particularly in Spain, supposes an important problem to deal with for Distributor System Operators (DSO). Most of the times Wind Energy Farms are located in places that are far away from the transmission networks so they have to be integrated into distribution networks that are frequently operating close to their static rate. Current regulations make almost impossible to build new overhead lines so the increase of the capacity of the existing lines is a new target for the DSO. This paper is devoted to the analysis of a new methodology and monitoring system that have been developed to overcome the existing static rates by moving the operation point of the overhead lines close to their dynamic rate. This new rate is computed by using both the IEEE and CIGRÉ algorithms and a local weather forecast. The obtained results show that this approach can increase the capacity of the lines in a significant percentage. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Government under the R+D initiative INNPACTO with reference IPT2011-1447-920000.

The grid integration of renewable energy, and particularly in Spain, supposes an important problem to deal with for Distributor System Operators (DSO). Most of the times Wind Energy Farms are located in places that are far away from the transmission networks so they have to be integrated into distribution networks that are frequently next to their static rate. Current regulations make almost impossible to build new overhead lines so the increase of the capacity of the existing lines is a new target for the DSO. One of the developed options to solve this issue is the dynamic management of the network. This paper is devoted to the analysis of a real case of ampacity management in a 132 kV overhead line placed in a high-wind generation area. The obtained results show that this approach can increase the lines capacity in a significant percentage. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Government under the R+D initiative INNPACTO with reference IPT-2011-1447-920000 and Spanish R+D initiative with reference ENE2013-42720-R. The authors want also to acknowledge E.on Distribution for its support and help.

Ampacity techniques have been used by Distributor System Operators (DSO) and Transport System Operators (TSO) in order to increase the static rate of transport and distribution infrastructures, especially those who are used for the grid integration of renewable energy. In some cases, especially when the overhead lines are used to evacuate energy from wind farms, there is a direct correlation between the ampacity of the overhead lines and the active power produced by the wind farms. This papers analyses this correlation considering the most important weather parameters like wind, ambient temperature and solar irradiation. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Government under the R+D initiative INNPACTO with reference IPT-2011-1447-920000.