Suchergebnisse

Uno de los grandes objetivos de las políticas parentales dirigidasexclusivamente a varones es la igualdad de géneros. El objetivo de esteestudio es de comprobar si la utilización del permiso de paternidadfomenta la implicación y el reparto de actividades dentro de la esferareproductiva. Para ello se ha utilizado la encuesta «El uso social de lospermisos parentales 2012». Se han creado modelos analíticosmultivariantes, utilizando las técnicas de regresión lineal de mínimos y laregresión logística ordinal. La submuestra empleada en el análisis secompone de 600 progenitores varones con al menos un hijo o hijadesde el año 2007. Los resultados apuntan a que la utilización delpermiso de paternidad favorece la implicación por parte de losprogenitores varones en el tiempo dedicado al cuidado de los hijos,pero este efecto es limitado ya que solo se produce en los padres quehan utilizado el permiso de paternidad para su primer hijo o hija.

There have been important changes in many European countries regarding parenting policy-making (OECD 2011). Paternity leave is one of this measures that have been implemented or developed in the last years. The Spanish paternity leave consists of fifteen days off-work fully paid after childbirth. Due to its recent implementation in 2007 we still do not know the percentage of paternity leave-takers and which factors foster the use of paternity leave. The aim of this paper is to evaluate which factors foster or constrain the use of paternity leave in Spain. Through a dataset of four thousand people, of which six hundred are potential paternity leave-takers, we have analysed which are the effects that working conditions, education, and gender role values have on the use of paternity leave. Our main findings are that being self-employed hampers fathers from taking paternity leave and having egalitarian roles related to childcare and family-oriented values have a positive significant relation with the use of paternity leave in Spain.

<p>Una de las consecuencias de la globalización es el aumento de la movilidad por motivos de trabajo. Esta movilidad tiene efectos positivos y negativos sobre el bienestar de las personas. Basándonos en las dos oleadas (2007 y 2011) de la encuesta Job Mobilities and Family Life, se analizará el impacto que tienen las transiciones en la movilidad sobre el bienestar subjetivo, controlando la influencia de otras transiciones vitales relevantes (pareja, parentalidad, salud e ingresos) así como el sexo. El análisis se basa en la técnica de la regresión lineal ordinaria. Los resultados evidencian generalizados cambios en los niveles de estrés y satisfacción. Estos cambios no son todos aleatorios, sino que guardan relación con las transiciones en la movilidad y demás variables consideradas. Mientras que los cambios en la satisfacción con el trabajo están condicionados por las transiciones en la movilidad en la dirección esperada, los efectos sobre la satisfacción con la vida en general dependen más de los efectos sobre la satisfacción con el trabajo en función de las ventajas e inconvenientes de la movilidad. En el caso de los niveles de estrés, no se observa una relación clara con la movilidad, una vez controlados otros cambios relevantes.</p><p><strong>Recibido</strong>: 04.02.2017<strong><br /></strong><strong>Aceptado</strong>: 06.03.2017</p>

Las escuelas infantiles, las excedencias y las reducciones de jornada para el cuidado de niños son recursos fundamentales para la conciliación de las familias españolas. Este trabajo persigue conocer cómo condiciona el uso de los permisos parentales no remunerados la utilización de las escuelas infantiles durante los primeros tres años de vida de los hijos/as. Para ello, se utiliza la Encuesta sobre el uso de permisos parentales en España, 2012 y, a través de tres modelos de regresión logística multivariante, se analizan los factores que se relacionan con la asistencia a la escuela infantil. De acuerdo con los resultados, las reducciones de

Objective: In this first study of its kind in Spain, we analyse the scope of and reasons underlying paternal regret. Background: Research on parental regret, a subject only recently broached by analysts, tends to focus on motherhood. Regretting fatherhood has been only scantly researched. In this study we test the effects of intensive fathering, the use of different care resources, economic and employment conditions, and satisfaction with respondents' partnership on their regret for having children. Method: The analysis is based on an online survey of parents of children under 7 years old (QUIDAN Survey) A total of 3100 parents were interviewed, with the sample evenly distributed by sex and youngest child's age, and proportional by parents' highest level of schooling and place of residence. The weighted subsample used in this article included 1374 fathers. The hypotheses are tested with logistic regression. Results: The social factors associated with a greater likelihood of regret include circumstances that challenge men's role as primary breadwinner, a negative impact of fatherhood on job career, a high dependence on grandparents for balancing working and private lives and partnership dissatisfaction. A relationship between intensive fathering and regret could not be observed. Conclusion: The findings show the extent of paternal regret to be fairly limited, similar to the proportion reported for maternal regret. Paternal regret is mainly associated with family and working circumstances.

Objective: The question addressed in this study is the possible effect of mothers' use of parental leave on the share of childcare and housework assumed by each parent. Background: Whilst the length of parental leave is greater in Spain than in other European countries, as it is unpaid, take-up rates are low. Such leaves are taken more frequently and for longer periods by women than men. Method: To determine the answer, two multivariate regression models were applied to National Statistics Institute 2018 Fertility Survey data. The main independent variables were fathers' and mothers' use of parental leave. The models also controlled for the effects of family and socio-economic variables on the share of childcare and housework assumed by each parent. Results: The findings showed that mothers' use of unpaid full-time parental leave traditionalises the distribution of domestic chores only when the leave extends beyond one year, whereas part-time leave-taking has no effect whatsoever. That such reversion to tradition can be neutralised when fathers take leaves attests to the advisability of encouraging paternal use. The effects apply to childcare only, however, for other household chores are still distributed along very traditional lines. Conclusion: Unpaid parental leave use by mothers "traditionalizes" the allocation of childcare within the couple, but only when it takes longer than a year.

Objective: This article introduces the reader to the Special Issue "Labour markets, families and public policies shaping gender relations and parenting" and gives a theoretical and empirical overview of gender roles and gender equality in Europe. Background: This Special Issue analyses the connection between labour markets, families, social policy, and gender relations in several European countries. Method: The six included articles are based on qualitative and quantitative approaches and data that have been gathered in Finland, Norway, Poland, Spain, and across the entire EU. Results: Key findings are: (1) In less egalitarian countries, children of single parents suffer more nutritional, educational and social life deprivation. (2) The institutional design of parental leave can contribute to reproducing gender inequality in the use of leave. (3) The institutional design interacts with cultural norms in shaping fatherhood practices of migrant fathers. (4) Individualised, performance-based wage and career schemes can counteract the effects of gender-equalising family policies. (5) Fathers taking leave independently from the mother and for an extended period are more involved in childcare beyond the leave period, and (6) the use of longer unpaid parental leave by mothers leads to a more unequal distribution of childcare between the parents. Conclusion: This Special Issue highlights that even in the most egalitarian countries, there remain persistent challenges to achieving gender equality regarding labour market, institutions and family life.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar la brecha entre los valores de género y la práctica doméstica en el Reino Unido y España. Los datos se obtuvieron de una muestra de encuestados británicos y españoles, hombres y mu­jeres, en el módulo "Familia y cambio de roles de género" del Programa Internacional de Encuestas Sociales (ISSP 2002; 2012) y se utilizaron para crear modelos multivari­antes utilizando técnicas de regresión de mínimos cuadra­dos ordinarios. Los hallazgos sugieren que los valores de género afectan a las prácticas domésticas. Sin embargo, este efecto no se observó para el cuidado. Se encontró que el impacto de los valores de género en la división por sexo de las tareas domésticas era similar en el Reino Unido y España. También se observó un movimiento gradual ha­cia ideales más igualitarios en ambos países durante el período de 10 años estudiado.

This study aimed to compare the gap between gender role values and domestic practice in the UK and Spain. The data were drawn from a sample of British and Spanish male and female respondents to the International Social Survey Programme's (ISSP) 'Family and Changing Gender Roles' module (2002, 2012) and used to create multivariate mod­els using ordinary least-squares regression techniques. The findings suggest that gender role values impacts domestic practice: more time is devoted to housework by egalitar­ian than non-egalitarian men and less by egalitarian than non-egalitarian women. That effect was not observed for care-giving, however. The impact of gender values on the division by sex of household chores was found to be similar in the UK and Spain. A gradual move to more egalitarian ideals was also observed in both countries over the 10 year period studied.

Caring fatherhood in very traditional and masculinized environments has been under-researched. This study analyzed the experience of Spanish policemen who used parental leave to care for their babies alone while their partners returned to paid work. The aim was to ascertain whether use of parental leaves under those circumstances favors the development of caring masculinity. The qualitative methodology deployed consisted in semi-structured interviews conducted in 2014 with a sample of 15 policemen who took parental leave alone for at least 4 weeks while their partners returned to paid work. More specifically, the analysis addressed the respondents' discourse on the justification of their decision to engage in this type of childcare, the workplace reaction to the decision, and their experience when fathering alone. The findings suggest that, even though hegemonic masculinity persisted in part of these fathers' discourse and experience, engagement in such innovative practice tended to narrow the divide between traditional and caring masculinity. The conclusion drawn is that encouraging fathers to take leave to care for their children alone is a useful tool for furthering caring masculinity in highly masculinized environments.

In recent years, grandparental childcare has been instrumental to Spanish parents' ability to engage in paid work. At the same time, the use of formal childcare services, paid domestic assistance and parental leave-taking have also intensified. The objectives of this study are: (1) to estimate the scope of the support received from grandparents in caring for children; and (2) to assess the impact of the diversification of childcare resources on highly frequent grandparental childcare in two-parent families. The sample covered the 2304 parents with at least one child under 13 interviewed on the occasion of the Survey on the Use of Parental Leave in Spain, 2012. Three types of factors were analysed: (1) use of external childcare resources; (2) time devoted by parents to childcare and paid work; and (3) control factors measuring grandparents' availability, childcare needs and income. The findings suggested that international comparative studies based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) underestimate the scope of grandparental childcare. Two-parent families with higher incomes resorted less frequently to grandparental childcare. In addition, formal childcare services, paid domestic work and parental leaves are associated with less frequent grandparental involvement. Overall, the findings suggest that more diversified deployment of the available resources may contribute to reducing grandparental childcare.

This article analyses how unemployed fathers with employed partners broach childcare and how they conceive of their own identities. It aims primarily to determine whether these fathers actually play the part of primary caregivers. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews with 26 unemployed fathers who spent at least three months caring for their children. The findings show that these fathers engaged intensively in a wide variety of caring tasks. Nonetheless, their role as primary caregivers is called into question on the grounds of attitude. They tended to take for granted that they should set aside time and space for themselves, adding to their partners' dual workload. Moreover, the overall responsibility for care fell largely on mothers. Subjectively speaking, while one group of fathers resorted to egalitarian precepts to normalise their situation, for many others, the inability to meet the standard expectations of traditional masculinity prompted an identity conflict.