Suchergebnisse

Der Beteiligung von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern, Gemeinden und Städten an der Gestaltung undUmsetzung gesellschaftlicher Großprojekte wie der Energiewende wird vielerorts eine großeBedeutung beigemessen. Dies zeigt sich besonders da, wo die deutlich dezentraleren Strukturen desneuen Energiesystems die Planung von Windenergie- und Biomasseanlagen oder auch neuenÜbertragungsnetzen erforderlich machen. Bürgerbeteiligung wird hierfür als ein Modus gesehen, umKonflikte um Infrastrukturprojekte zu lösen und Akzeptanz herzustellen. Denn es zeigt sich, dass dierechtlich verankerten Formen der Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung nicht hinreichend sind, um sachorientiertewie emotionale Aspekte mit Betroffenen zu erörtern und Probleme lösen zu können.Zunehmend werden erweiterte Mitsprachemöglichkeiten bei Planungen und politischen Entscheidungsprozesseneingefordert, die zudem über die lokale Ebene und Planungsdetails konkreterEinzelprojekte hinausreichen. Der Blick in die Praxis zeigt, dass vielerorts in der Tat ergänzende Forender Meinungsbildung und Mitwirkung eröffnet werden. Wie dies konkret geschieht, ist jedoch eineoffene Frage. Denn insgesamt besteht nur wenig systematisches Wissen über die Praktiken undMethoden, mit denen Bürgerinnen und Bürger in die Erörterung von Zielen und Gestaltungsprinzipiender Energiewende, von Handlungsoptionen und konkreten Standortfragen eingebundenwerden. Will man derartige informelle Beteiligungsformen stärken, ist deshalb die Erarbeitung einesdifferenzierten Überblicks zu den angewandten Vorgehensweisen ein wichtiger Schritt. Dervorliegende Beitrag setzt hier an und legt in Form einer Beteiligungsmatrix eine Grundlage vor, nachder eine Systematisierung von Beteiligungsverfahren erfolgen kann.

The environmental crisis due to air pollution, high CO2 emissions, noise from traffic and soil ceiling requires profound changes to the car-dependent transport system. This article examines the political dynamics of German transport politics, focusing on the National Platform for Electric Mobility (NPE), a high-level political forum that aimed to accelerate the run-up of the electric mobility market in Germany. The NPE provides an interesting case to study the strategies of stakeholders in influencing policy-making and shaping alternative pathways to the car-centered transport system. The paper focusses on actor constellations and the conflicts that arise within the NPE, as well as the temporal dynamics within the electric mobility debate. The findings suggest that the NPE contributed to a narrow understanding of mobility transformation based on road transport and electric cars, but that it is better described as ecological modernization. Within this narrow framework, a fundamental conflict unfolds between strong advocates versus those slowing down the ecological modernization of the car. A third group demands at least a partial departure from the automobile-centered model but remains marginalized within the NPE. Aside from this core conflict, members of the NPE struggled over the location for battery cell production, the introduction of a purchase grant known as the environmental bonus, and the expansion of battery recharging infrastructure. These issues illustrate that discussions within the NPE relate to the political debates about the future of mobility, which have intensified in Germany in recent years. However, the case of the NPE shows that high-level stakeholder platforms are not an adequate forum to legitimately deliberate and to practically contribute to a wider and more fundamental rethink of future mobility concepts.

Mit Beteiligungskultur verbinden sich Forderungen nach mehr Mitsprache der Öffentlichkeit an politischer Entscheidungsfindung, einer stärkeren Institutionalisierung ergänzender Verfahren, aber auch nach bestimmten Haltungen und Deutungen. Der Beitrag geht davon aus, dass solche Forderungen die konzeptionelle Bestimmung von Beteiligungskultur eher behindern denn fördern. Vielmehr gilt es, Qualitäten der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Ob und Wie partizipativer Prozesse zu bestimmen. Zentral dafür sind die Kategorien Voraussicht, Umsicht und Einsicht, sofern sie für Beteiligungspraktiken konstitutiv werden. Dann können diese Praktiken individuelle und kollektive Lernprozesse stimulieren und so den Sinn von Beteiligungskultur selber fortlaufend aktualisieren.

In the face of multiple crises of ecology, economy, and social equity, the question of how to democratically transform toward a more sustainable society is high on the political agenda as well as pertinent to academic research. The first part of this introductory article to the special issue provides a brief overview of contemporary interrelated debates on sustainability, democracy, and transformation. It discusses the main concepts, themes, and questions that are part of the highly diverse and constantly evolving body of literature on the topic, as well as differences regarding analytical frames and normative underpinnings. The overview shows that the literature remains largely silent about supporting theories of change, ontologies, methodologies, and principles—and/or the ways in which transformation, sustainability, and democracy are interrelated. The second part of this article introduces the contributions to this special issue. The special issue is guided by three overarching questions: what can we say about the possibilities and problems of democratically enacting changes toward greater social, ecological, economic, and political sustainability in societies? Which analytic frames are useful for evaluating change, including its democratic and sustainability quality? Where do evaluations and judgments derive their analytical and normative legitimacy from?

Research and policy processes in many fields, such as sustainability and health, are increasingly relying on transdisciplinary cooperation among a multitude of governmental, nongovernmental, and private actors from local to global levels. In the absence of hierarchical chains of command, multistakeholder governance may accommodate conflicting or diverse interests and facilitate collective action, but its effectiveness depends on its capacity to integrate systems, transformation, and target knowledge. Approaches to foster such governance are nascent and quickly evolving, and methodological standards to facilitate comparison and learning from best practice are needed. However, there is currently no evaluation approach that (i) comprehensively assesses the capacity for knowledge integration in multistakeholder governance, (ii) draws on the best available knowledge that is being developed in various fields, and (iii) combines a systematic and transferable methodological design with pragmatic feasibility. We brought together 20 experts from institutions in nine countries, all working on evaluation approaches for collaborative science–policy initiatives. In a synthesis process that included a 2-day workshop and follow-up work among a core group of participants, we developed a tool for evaluating knowledge integration capacity in multistakeholder governance (EVOLvINC). Its 23 indicators incorporate previously defined criteria and components of transdisciplinary evaluations into a single, comprehensive framework that operationalizes the capacity for integrating systems, target, and transformation knowledge during an initiative's (a) design and planning processes at the policy formulation stage, (b) organization and working processes at the implementation stage, and (c) sharing and learning processes at the evaluation stage of the policy cycle. EVOLvINC is (i) implemented through a questionnaire, (ii) builds on established indicators where possible, (iii) offers a consistent and transparent semiquantitative scoring and ...

We report on new simultaneous in-situ observations at Mars from Rosetta and Mars Express (MEX) on how the Martian plasma environment is affected by high pressure solar wind. A significant sharp increase in solar wind density, magnetic field strength and turbulence followed by a gradual increase in solar wind velocity is observed during ~24 h in the combined data set from both spacecraft after Rosetta's closest approach to Mars on 25 February 2007. The bow shock and magnetic pileup boundary are coincidently observed by MEX to become asymmetric in their shapes. The fortunate orbit of MEX at this time allows a study of the inbound boundary crossings on one side of the planet and the outbound crossings on almost the opposite side, both very close to the terminator plane. The solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) downstream of Mars are monitored through simultaneous measurements provided by Rosetta. Possible explanations for the asymmetries are discussed, such as crustal magnetic fields and IMF direction. In the same interval, during the high solar wind pressure pulse, MEX observations show an increased amount of escaping planetary ions from the polar region of Mars. We link the high pressure solar wind with the observed simultaneous ion outflow and discuss how the pressure pulse could also be associated with the observed boundary shape asymmetry. ; NJTE was supported by the European Union 6th Framework, contract MEST-CT-2004-7512. ML and SWHC were supported by STFC grant PP/E000983/1. AB was supported through the grants MO 539/13 and MO 539/15 by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. UA, KHG, and IR were supported through the grant 50 QP 9702/5 of the German Ministerium fur¨ Wirtschaft und Technologie and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- ¨ und Raumfahrt. ; 44007