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ABSTRACTReverse‐osmosis membranes, which have been used for reducing the salt content of water since the late 1960s, are available for a variety of desalination applications, ranging from seawater to brackish water and specific species removal, including hardness and organics. In recent years, major advancements have been made in the salt‐rejection capabilities and in pressure requirements, which have made the use of membrane technology in water treatment an attractive proposition.The paper focuses on (i) seawater desalination, reviewing the present study which is being carried out by Anglian Water; (ii) brackish water desalination, in particular a project which is being undertaken by Essex and Suffolk Water, and (iii) well‐water desalination, describing a project which is being executed by Anglian Water.

Research currently being undertaken in Government Departments, Research organisations, and the Civil Engineering Departments in the two University Schools of Engineering is outlined. The research is summarised under the headings of Seismology, Engineering Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, and Structural Analysis and Design.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Setting the Scene -- 2 Changing Childhoods across Three Generations of Women -- 3 Mothers' and Fathers' Work and Care Practices over the Generations -- 4 Motherhood: Intergenerational Transmission and Negotiation -- 5 Timetabling, Talk and Transmission: Fatherhood across the Generations -- 6 Intergenerational Transfers and Cultures of Transmission -- 7 Towards a Typology of Intergenerational Relations: Processes of Reproduction and Innovation -- 8 Concluding Reflections -- Bibliography -- Index.

Background: Simulated learning environments may offer particular educational advantages over a traditional 'real' clinical setting. Simulation training maximizes learning by guaranteeing provision of learning experiences that can be written to suit specific educational needs. For example, scenarios can be scripted to focus on specific conditions using pre-planned learning strategies or can be extended to include specific safety or emergency issues that may only occur infrequently in the traditional clinical setting. Carefully planned simulation environments can also provide structure and a guarantee of equity of experience for all students. Health Workforce Australia (HWA) (an Australian Government organisation) has funded a consortium of 16 Australian physiotherapy programs to undertake a project to embed simulation into physiotherapy clinical training across Australia in 2014 and 2015. Purpose: This project aimed to embed a sustainable 5-day model of role-play simulation into 16 Australian entry-level physiotherapy clinical programmes as a substitute for a proportion of traditional clinical placement time. A coordinated collaborative approach was taken, with the aim of encouraging profession-wide support. The project provided each physiotherapy program with the physical resources, simulation scenarios, staffing experience, expertise and enthusiasm to enable simulation training to be a sustainable clinical teaching approach into the future. Methods: The project has been coordinated and managed by staff from Curtin University (Perth, WA) with oversight from HWA, the Council of Physiotherapy Deans (CPDANZ) and the Australian Physiotherapy Council. Throughout the project, senior academic staff from each of the 16 Physiotherapy Schools have participated in monthly teleconference meetings to discuss all aspects of planning and implementation, with all decisions made collaboratively. In the planning phase, smaller Working Parties also met to plan key aspects such as scenario development and evaluation methodology. ...

This is the final version of the article. Available from Copernicus Publications via the DOI in this record. ; Quaternary records provide an opportunity to examine the nature of the vegetation and fire responses to rapid past climate changes comparable in velocity and magnitude to those expected in the 21st-century. The best documented examples of rapid climate change in the past are the warming events associated with the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles during the last glacial period, which were sufficiently large to have had a potential feedback through changes in albedo and greenhouse gas emissions on climate. Previous reconstructions of vegetation and fire changes during the D-O cycles used independently constructed age models, making it difficult to compare the changes between different sites and regions. Here, we present the ACER (Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses) global database, which includes 93 pollen records from the last glacial period (73-15ka) with a temporal resolution better than 1000years, 32 of which also provide charcoal records. A harmonized and consistent chronology based on radiometric dating (14C, 234U/230Th, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), 40Ar/39Ar-dated tephra layers) has been constructed for 86 of these records, although in some cases additional information was derived using common control points based on event stratigraphy. The ACER database compiles metadata including geospatial and dating information, pollen and charcoal counts, and pollen percentages of the characteristic biomes and is archived in Microsoft Access™ at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870867. ; The members of the ACER project wish to thank the QUEST-DESIRE (UK and France) bilateral project, the INQUA International Focus Group ACER and the INTIMATE-COST action for funding a suite of workshops to compile the ACER pollen and charcoal database and the workshop on ACER chronology that allow setting the basis for harmonizing the chronologies. Josué M. Polanco-Martinez was funded by a Basque Government postdoctoral fellowship (POS_2015_1_0006) and Sandy P. Harrison by the ERC Advanced Grant GC2.0: unlocking the past for a clearer future.

The members of the ACER project wish to thank the QUEST-DESIRE (UK and France) bilateral project, the INQUA International Focus Group ACER and the INTIMATE-COST action for funding a suite of workshops to compile the ACER pollen and charcoal database and the workshop on ACER chronology that allow setting the basis for harmonizing the chronologies. Josué M. Polanco-Martinez was funded by a Basque Government postdoctoral fellowship (POS_2015_1_0006) and Sandy P. Harrison by the ERC Advanced Grant GC2.0: unlocking the past for a clearer future. ; Quaternary records provide an opportunity to examine the nature of the vegetation and fire responses to rapid past climate changes comparable in velocity and magnitude to those expected in the 21st-century. The best documented examples of rapid climate change in the past are the warming events associated with the Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) cycles during the last glacial period, which were sufficiently large to have had a potential feedback through changes in albedo and greenhouse gas emissions on climate. Previous reconstructions of vegetation and fire changes during the D–O cycles used independently constructed age models, making it difficult to compare the changes between different sites and regions. Here, we present the ACER (Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses) global database, which includes 93 pollen records from the last glacial period (73–15 ka) with a temporal resolution better than 1000 years, 32 of which also provide charcoal records. A harmonized and consistent chronology based on radiometric dating (14C, 234U∕230Th, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), 40Ar∕39Ar-dated tephra layers) has been constructed for 86 of these records, although in some cases additional information was derived using common control points based on event stratigraphy. The ACER database compiles metadata including geospatial and dating information, pollen and charcoal counts, and pollen percentages of the characteristic biomes and is archived in Microsoft AccessTM at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870867 ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed