Suchergebnisse

Wohlfahrtsstaaten werden zunehmend von Marktmechanismen beeinflusst. Politische Parteien, Versicherungsgesellschaften, Banken und Kirchen versuchen, die Wohlfahrtsmärkte nach ihren Interessen zu formen. In der Folge steigen private Anbieter in vormals öffentliche Bereiche ein. Der Einzelne hat dadurch zwar die freie Wahl zwischen privaten und staatlichen Leistungsträgern, muss aber auch häufiger
in die eigene Tasche greifen. Stephan Köppe zeigt mit einem Vergleich von Deutschland, Schweden und den USA eindringlich, wie Renten- und Bildungsmärkte in das nationale Wohlfahrtsregime eingebettet werden.

Wohlfahrtsstaaten werden zunehmend von Marktmechanismen beeinflusst. Politische Parteien, Versicherungsgesellschaften, Banken und Kirchen versuchen, die Wohlfahrtsmärkte nach ihren Interessen zu formen. In der Folge steigen private Anbieter in vormals öffentliche Bereiche ein. Der Einzelne hat dadurch zwar die freie Wahl zwischen privaten und staatlichen Leistungsträgern, muss aber auch häufiger in die eigene Tasche greifen. Stephan Köppe zeigt mit einem Vergleich von Deutschland, Schweden und den USA eindringlich, wie Renten- und Bildungsmärkte in das nationale Wohlfahrtsregime eingebettet werden.

"(Der Autor) betrachtet die Entwicklung von Wohlfahrtsstaaten und Wohlfahrtsmärkten. Unter welchen Bedingungen entwickeln sich Externalisierung und Vermarktlichung von sozialen Gütern, wo sind sie am weitesten fortgeschritten, mit welchen Folgen? Drei Länder - Deutschland, Schweden und die USA - wurden für die vergleichende Untersuchung über Pioniere und Nachzügler der Sozialpolitik ausgewählt." (Autorenreferat)

Zusammenfassung
Die aktuellen Veränderungen der Rentensysteme wurden als konvergente Entwicklungen beschrieben, wobei nur der Wandel in den Bereichen Indexierung Regelaltersgrenze oder die Schaffung einer kapitalgedeckten Altersvorsorge untersucht wurde. Der Wandel erscheint aber in einem anderen Licht, wenn systematisch Geschlechterunterschiede in die Analyse einbezogen werden. In dem Aufsaß werden die Rentenreformen in Deutschland (2001) und Schweden (1998) mit einem Fokus auf deren Geschlechterregime verglichen, dabei werden vier Vergleichsdimensionen (Stratifizierung, Autonomer Haushalt, Anerkennung und Externalisierung von Erziehungsarbeit und Auszahlung und Erwerb der Leistungsberechtigung) verwendet. Der Vergleich zeigt, dass die Konvergenz- Hypothese nur auf die Regelungen zutrifft, die keinen Einfluss auf die Geschlechterregime haben. Die Geschlechterregime Deutschlands und Schwedens bleiben im Gegenteil überaus stabil, sodass von einer konvergenten Stabilität gesprochen werden kann. Starke Pfadabhängigkeiten prägen damit Veränderungen im Bereich der geschlechterrelevanten Rentenregelungen.

Abstract
The creation of Intreo as a one-stop shop for jobseekers in Ireland occurred during the financial and sovereign debt crisis period of 2010–16. The organisational merger was the product of an extensive programme of successful administrative reorganisation and service integration that deserves attention. This article begins with an overview of the policy to merge insurance-based unemployment benefit, discretionary social welfare payments and labour market activation measures, as well as the various political and institutional rationales that led to this development. Drawing on the special issue framework concerning how the interaction of ideology, institutions and interests comes into play during policy change, we consider the contextual factors that facilitated the rapid implementation of the programme and its overall successful execution. Whilst focusing on the success, we also critically point out the inhibitors in the implementation chain, some of which predated the crisis, as well as problems during the implementation process, such as delays in the national rollout and back-office supports. We identify the main contributing factors for successful implementation of a one-stop shop for activation and unemployment services as (a) a high problem pressure, (b) a small and agile implementation team, (c) changing labour relations (e.g. binding arbitration, weakened unions) and (d) a modern communication strategy.

In contemporary societies with slower economic growth and increased rates of home ownership, asset transfers are of increasing importance for families as a way of transmitting advantages over generations. Compared to the positive impact, however, little is known about how inheritance generates disputes, tensions or dissatisfaction among family members, and how law, policy and practice play a role in this process. Drawing evidence from English court cases, this article develops categories of asset transfers over generations that cause or accentuate disputes in families, and contributes to theoretical debates on family solidarity, conflict and ambivalence by examining how such family conflicts are embedded in a wider family history and established social and institutional systems. The analysis, based on the three-fold framework of contested intentions of transfers, challenged distributions of assets and unexpected timing of transfers, demonstrates that family relations rest on a delicate balance of autonomy and dependency in families. It also highlights the critical interaction between institutional systems and interpersonal family relations. The lack of accurate knowledge and different interpretations of inheritance laws and intestacy rules among potential testators and beneficiaries contribute to family disputes over inheritance.

The creation of Intreo as a one-stop shop for jobseekers in Ireland occurred during the financial and sovereign debt crisis period of 2010–16. The organisational merger was the product of an extensive programme of successful administrative reorganisation and service integration that deserves attention. This article begins with an overview of the policy to merge insurance-based unemployment benefit, discretionary social welfare payments and labour market activation measures, as well as the various political and institutional rationales that led to this development. Drawing on the special issue framework concerning how the interaction of ideology, institutions and interests comes into play during policy change, we consider the contextual factors that facilitated the rapid implementation of the programme and its overall successful execution. Whilst focusing on the success, we also critically point out the shortcomings in the implementation chain, some of which predated the crisis, as well as problems during the implementation process, such as delays in the national rollout and back-office supports. We identify the main contributing factors for successful implementation of a one-stop shop for activation and unemployment services as (a) a high problem pressure, (b) a small and agile implementation team, (c) changing labour relations (e.g. binding arbitration, weakened unions) and (d) a modern communication strategy.

AbstractHistorically, researchers and policymakers alike recognized the risk of poverty among large families, but family size is often neglected in the contemporary literature. This article revives an examination of the connections between family size and poverty risk for children with a focus on Germany. We take a child‐centered perspective by analyzing a sample of 13–14 year‐old children from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). First, we provide a detailed overview of the welfare and tax policies aimed at large families in Germany. Next, we estimate the poverty risk and prevalence for children in large families (looking at families with 3+ and 4+ children). Finally, we discuss how the policy and socio‐economic context interacts with the risk of poverty. We identify that the means‐tested social assistance scheme penalizes large families, while the child benefit would only acknowledge higher need of middle‐income families with three or more children.