Suchergebnisse

Using coordinated nineteenth-century birth, marriage, and death records for Catholics and Jews in Altdorf, this analysis investigates the relation between social, economic, and cultural factors and demographic behavior. The constraints of the village economy severely restricted the number of people who could make a livelihood in the village. Yet, improved adult mortality and high fertility created a potential population surplus. The Catholics-mostly farmers and craftsmen-responded not with a restriction of fertility but with the heavy out-migration of young people. Jews-primarily tradesmen and cattle dealers- exhibited mortality consistently lower than that of Catholics; Jewish fertility was initially high, but showed clear signs of limitation by 1870-1899. By midcentury, almost all the Jewish children born in the village who survived to adulthood had left Altdorf, as had a large proportion of their parents. The more dramatic response of the village's Jews is seen as a reaction both to their declining econom ic role in Altdorf and to their increasing assumption of more modern, urban values and life styles. Catholic response thus served to preserve the traditional village life styles whereas the Jewish response accelerated their modernization.

Front Matter -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Table of Contents -- Tables -- Illustrations -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- Content -- Introduction -- Numbers, Distribution, and Mobility -- The Impact of Mobility on Regional Distribution -- Socioeconomic Differentials -- Differentials in Jewish Identification -- Community Involvement -- Informal Networks -- Jews on the Move: Implications for American Jewry -- The Methodology of the National Jewish Population Survey -- Back Matter -- APPENDIX B -- APPENDIX C -- APPENDIX D -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX -- NAMES INDEX.

Temporary migration can play a major role in the labor markets of developing countries. In the People's Republic of China, eg, where permanent migration is carefully controlled, unofficial temporary migration is relatively unrestricted, & has increased dramatically since the economic reforms introduced in 1979. Data from 1984/85 surveys in Shanghai & Beijing (N = 8,716 & 3,418 temporary residents, respectively) are used to explore sociodemographic characteristics of temporary migrants in relation to their reasons for moving & the duration of their stay at destination. Many migrate in search of work, & others for noneconomic reasons associated with family reunion & retirement. The distinctive socioeconomic features of Shanghai & Beijing also influence the characteristics & motivations of temporary migrants. 3 Tables, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

An examination of the impact of short-term, temporary migration on the national development process of the People's Republic of China. China has a strongly stated policy regarding population movement & the distribution of population between Ru & Ur places & among Ur places of different size. Migration to large Ur places is strictly controlled, as is Ru-to-Ur movement; at the same time, frontier migration has been encouraged, as has settlement in cities developed about extractive industries. The efforts to control Ur growth have been both undermined & reinforced by the economic reform policies articulated since 1979. By allowing development toward a market economy, Chinese planners are creating a need & a demand for greater labor mobility; by recognizing the need to develop China's teritary sector, planners are also implicitly encouraging Ru workers to move to cities to provide badly needed services. Concurrently, China is actively promoting the growth of small towns & commune centers as incipient Ur places, to absorb surplus labor & to provide alternatives to cityward migration. During this period of rapid economic change, temporary mobility is providing a flexible adjustment mechanism for China's population. As the labor surplus in Ru areas increases, & consumer demands in both Ur & Ru places are raised, such mobility will undoubtedly become an increasingly important way to reestablish equilibrium. In the longer run, policymakers may come to recognize both the desirability of permanent population redistribution & the fact that a considerable amount of such movement has already occurred de facto, if not de jure. 3 Tables, 57 References. Modified AA

Migration has long been recognized as an important mechanism for allowing populations to adjust to changing economic conditions (Goldstein and Goldstein, 1981; Findley, 1977, 1982). Massive population movements from rural to urban locations were an integral part of the European modernization process, as were movements to hitherto undeveloped frontier regions including ones overseas. Rapid urban growth, due in part to migration, has more recently characterized many of the developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.