3.5.1. The Average Percentage Errors (APE) 3.5.2. The Hybrid Fractional Error (HYBRID) ; 3.5.3. The Chi-Square Error (X2) ; 3.5.4. The Sum of the Squares of the Errors (ERRSQ) ; 3.5.5. Marquardt's Percent Standard Deviation (MPSD) ; 3.5.6. The Sum of the Absolute Errors (EABS) ; 3.5.7. The Root Mean Square Errors (RMS) ; 3.6. Adsorption Kinetic Study ; 3.6.1. Pseudo-First-Order Kinetic Model ; 3.6.2. Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model ; 3.6.3. Elovich Kinetic Equation ; 3.6.4. Intra-Particle Diffusion Model ; CONCLUSION ; REFERENCES
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONREFERENCES; Chapter 8: Effect of Grilling Process on Heavy Metals Concentrations in Some Fish Muscles, Lake Qarun, Egypt ; ABSTRACT; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS; 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION; CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; Section 2: Organic Pollutants ; Chapter 9: Bio-Monitoring of Hydrocarbons in the Eastern Mediterranean Coast (Egypt) ; ABSTRACT; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS; 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION; CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; Section 3: Pollutants Removal.
AbstractThe adsorption of Cr6+ ions from water-soluble solution onto activated pea peels (PPs) embellished with triethylenetetramine (TETA) was studied. The synthesized activated TETA-PP biosorbent was further characterized by SEM together with EDX, FTIR and BET to determine the morphology and elementary composition, functional groups (FGs) present and the biosorbent surface area. The confiscation of Cr6+ ions to activated TETA-PP biosorbent was observed to be pH-reliant, with optimum removal noticed at pH 1.6 (99%). Cr6+ ion adsorption to activated TETA-PP biosorbent was well defined using the Langmuir (LNR) and the pseudo-second-order (PSO) models, with a determined biosorption capacity of 312.50 mg/g. Also, it was found that the activated TETA-PP biosorbent can be restored up to six regeneration cycles for the sequestration of Cr6+ ions in this study. In comparison with other biosorbents, it was found that this biosorbent was a cost-effective and resourceful agro-waste for the Cr6+ ion confiscation. The possible mechanism of Cr6+ to the biosorbent was by electrostatic attraction following the surface protonation of the activated TETA-PP biosorbent sites. Graphical abstract
AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have in recent times shown effective adsorption capability for the confiscation of colour contaminants from aqueous environments (aquatic ecosystems or water bodies) due to the fact that ZnO contains more functional groups. Direct blue 106 (DB106) dye was selected for this present study as a model composite due to its wide range of uses in textiles (cotton and wools), woods, and paper industries, as well as their therapeutic applications, along with its potential for impairments. This study therefore focuses on the use of DB106 dye as a model composite due to its wide range of uses in textiles (cotton and wools), woods, and paper industries, as well as their therapeutic applications and their potential for impairments. Furthermore, the surface functionalization, shape, and composite pore size were revealed by TEM, FTIR, UV, and BET techniques. The current study uses green synthesis method to prepare ZnO-NPs as an adsorbent for the DB106 dye molecules adsorption under various conditions using the batch adsorption process. The adsorption of DB106 dye to the ZnO-NPs biosorbent was detected to be pH-dependent, with optimal adsorption of DB106 (anionic) dye particles observed at pH 7. DB106 dye adsorption to the synthesized ZnO-NPs adsorbent was distinct by means of the linearized Langmuir (LNR) and pseudo-second-order (SO) models, with an estimated maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of 370.37 mg/g. Graphical Abstract
