Pollution status, environmental protection, and renewable energy production in marine systems

Intro -- POLLUTION STATUS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION IN MARINE SYSTEMS -- POLLUTION STATUS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION IN MARINE SYSTEMS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE POLLUTION STATUS ALONG THE RED SEA: A REVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- 1. DESCRIPTION OF AREA -- 2. EGYPT -- 3. JORDAN -- 4. SAUDI ARABIA -- 5. YEMEN -- 6. SUDAN -- 7. ISRAEL -- 8. POLLUTION STATUS ALONG RED SEA -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 ADSORPTION OF THE ANIONIC DYE DIRECT RED 23 ONTO NEW ACTIVATED CARBONS DEVELOPED FROM CYNARA CARDUNCULUS: KINETICS, EQUILIBRIUM AND THERMODYNAMICS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Preparation of Dye Solution -- 2.2. Biomass -- 2.3. Activated Carbon from Artichoke -- 2.4. Effect of pH on DR 23 Adsorption -- 2.5. Effect of Activated Carbon Dose -- 2.6. Kinetics Studies -- 2.7. Adsorption Isotherm -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Influence of pH -- 3.2. Effect of Contact Time -- 3.3. Effect of Carbon Mass on Dye Adsorption -- 3.4. Adsorption Isotherms -- 3.4.1. Freundlich Isotherm -- 3.4.2. Langmuir Isotherm -- 3.4.3. Tempkin Isotherm -- 3.4.4. Flory-Huggins Isotherm -- 3.4.5. Halsey Model -- 3.5. Best-Fit Isotherm Model -- 3.5.1. The Average Percentage Errors (APE) -- 3.5.2. The Hybrid Fractional Error (HYBRID) -- 3.5.3. The Chi-Square Error (X2) -- 3.5.4. The Sum of the Squares of the Errors (ERRSQ) -- 3.5.5. Marquardt's Percent Standard Deviation (MPSD) -- 3.5.6. The Sum of the Absolute Errors (EABS) -- 3.5.7. The Root Mean Square Errors (RMS) -- 3.6. Adsorption Kinetic Study -- 3.6.1. Pseudo-First-Order Kinetic Model -- 3.6.2. Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model -- 3.6.3. Elovich Kinetic Equation -- 3.6.4. Intra-Particle Diffusion Model -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.