Suchergebnisse

Accelerometers accuracy for sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) classification depends on accelerometer placement, data processing, activities, and sample characteristics. As intensities differ by age, this study sought to determine intensity cut-points at various wear locations people more than 70 years old. Data from 59 older adults were used for calibration and from 21 independent participants for cross-validation purposes. Participants wore accelerometers on their hip and wrists while performing activities and having their energy expenditure measured with portable calorimetry. ST and MVPA were defined as = 3 METs (1 MET = 2.8 mL/kg/min), respectively. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses showed fair-to-good accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.62-0.89). ST cut-points were 7 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.88, specificity = 0.80) and 1 count/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.96) for the hip; 18 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.86, specificity = 0.86) and 102 counts/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.92) for the non-dominant wrist; and 22 mg and 175 counts/5 s (not cross-validated) for the dominant wrist. MVPA cut-points were 14 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.70, specificity = 0.99) and 54 count/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.96) for the hip; 60 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.83, specificity = 0.99) and 182 counts/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.89) for the non-dominant wrist; and 64 mg and 268 counts/5 s (not cross-validated) for the dominant wrist. These cut-points can classify ST and MVPA in older adults from hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers. ; Funding Agencies|University of Pittsburgh Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Research Registry and Developmental Pilot Grant [NIH P30 AG024827]; National Institute on Aging Professional Services [HHSN271201100605P]; Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on AgingUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Aging (NIA); National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [AG000181, AG036594]; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES); FEDER funds from the European UnionEuropean Commission [CB16/10/00477]; Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationSpanish Government [FJC2018-037925-I]; Plan Propio de Investigacion 2020 from the University of Granada-Programa Contratos-Puente

Approximately 4-11% of children suffer from sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and children with obesity are at increased risk. Both obesity and SDB have been separately associated with poorer brain health, yet whether SDB severity affects brain health in children with obesity remains unanswered. This study aimed to examine associations of SDB severity with academic performance and brain structure (i.e., total brain and gray and white matter volumes and gray matter volume in the hippocampus) in children with overweight/obesity. One hundred nine children aged 8-12 years with overweight/obesity were included. SDB severity and its subscales (i.e., snoring, daytime sleepiness, and inattention/hyperactivity) were evaluated via the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), and academic performance was evaluated with the Woodcock-Munoz standardized test and school grades. Brain structure was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. SDB severity was not associated with academic performance measured by the standardized test (all vertical bar beta vertical bar> 0.160, P > 0.076), yet it was associated with the school grade point average (beta = -0.226, P = 0.007) and natural and social science grades (beta = -0.269, P = 0.024). Intention/hyperactivity seemed to drive these associations. No associations were found between SDB severity and the remaining school grades (all beta 0.065) or brain volumes (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that SDB severity was associated with lower school grades, yet it was not associated with the standardized measurement of academic performance or with brain volumes in children with overweight/obesity. SDB severity may add to academic problems in children beyond the effects contributed by overweight/obesity status alone. ; Funding Agencies|Universidad de Granada/CBUA; Spanish Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessSpanish Government; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)European CommissionSpanish Government [DEP201347540, DEP2016-79512-R, DEP2017-91544-EXP, RYC-201109011]; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and UniversitiesSpanish Government [FPU17/04802]; Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and SportSpanish Government [FPU15/02645]; Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationSpanish Government [FJC2018-037925-I, RYC2019-027287-I]; University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence, Scientific Excellence Unit on Exercise and Health (UCEES); Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y UniversidadesJunta de Andalucia; European Regional Development FundsEuropean Commission [SOMM17/6107/UGR]; SAMID III network, RETICS - PNI + D + I 2017-2021 (Spain); ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)European Commission [RD16/0022]; EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health [DEP2005-00046/ACTI, 09/UPB/19, 45/UPB/20, 27/UPB/21]; European UnionEuropean Commission [667302]; HL-PIVOT network-Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection; Andalusian Operational Programme; European Regional Development Funds (ERDF in English, FEDER in Spanish) [B-CTS-355-UGR18]

On behalf of the HELENA study group. ; [Background and aims] Inflammation may influence the cardio-metabolic profile which relates with the risk of chronic diseases. This study aimed to assess the inflammatory status by metabolic health (MH)/body mass index (BMI) category and to assess how inflammatory markers can predict the cardio-metabolic profile in European adolescents, considering BMI. [Methods and results] A total of 659 adolescents (295 boys) from a cross-sectional European study were included. Adolescents were classified by metabolic health based on age- and sex-specific cut-off points for glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, high density cholesterol and BMI. C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), complement factors (C3, C4) and cell adhesion molecules were assessed. [Results] Metabolically abnormal (MA) adolescents had higher values of C3 (p < 0.001) and C4 (p = 0.032) compared to those metabolically healthy (MHy). C3 concentrations significantly increased with the deterioration of the metabolic health and BMI (p < 0.001). Adolescents with higher values of CRP had higher probability of being in the overweight/obese-MH group than those allocated in other categories. Finally, high C3 and C4 concentrations increased the probability of having an unfavorable metabolic/BMI status. [Conclusions] Metabolic/BMI status and inflammatory biomarkers are associated, being the CRP, C3 and C4 the most related inflammatory markers with this condition. C3 and C4 were associated with the cardio-metabolic health consistently. ; The HELENA Study was supported by the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (Contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034) and the Stockholm County Council. This analysis was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (JCI-2010-07055) and the gs4:European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). CCS is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2014-068829). FBO is supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2011-09011). AIR was funded by a Juan de la Cierva-Formación stipend from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government (FJCI-2014-19795). ; Peer Reviewed

AbstractThe present study aims (i) to examine the association of physical fitness components (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, speed‐agility, and muscular fitness) with brain current source density during working memory; and (ii) to examine whether fitness‐related current density was associated to working memory performance and academic achievement. Eighty‐five children with overweight/obesity aged 8–11 years participated in this cross‐sectional study. Physical fitness components were assessed using the ALPHA test battery. Electroencephalography recordings were performed during a Delayed Non‐Match‐to‐Sample task that assessed working memory. Brain source analysis was carried out using sLORETA to estimate regional current source density differences between high and low (H–L) working memory loads. Academic achievement was measured by the Spanish version of the Woodcock‐Johnson III test battery. The main results showed that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with higher H–L current density differences in frontal, limbic, and occipital regions during encoding and maintenance task's phases (β≥0.412, p ≤ 0.019). A limbic area was further related to better working memory performance (β=0.267, p = 0.005). During retrieval, higher cardiorespiratory fitness was also associated with higher current density in temporal regions (β=0.265, p = 0.013), whereas lower muscular fitness was associated with higher current density in frontal regions (β=–0.261, p = 0.016). Our results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness, but not speed‐agility nor muscular fitness, is positively associated with brain current source density during working memory processes in children with overweight/obesity. Fitness‐related current density differences in limbic regions were associated with better working memory.

The aim of this study was to examine whether metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater global and regional gray matter volumes than their metabolically unhealthy peers. We further examined the association between gray matter volume and academic achievement, along with the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations. A total of 97 overweight/obese children (10.0 +/- 1.2 years) participated. We classified children as metabolically healthy/unhealthy based on metabolic syndrome cut-offs. Global and regional brain volumes were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Academic achievement was assessed using the Woodcock-Munoz standardized test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test. Metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) children had greater regional gray matter volume compared to those who were metabolically unhealthy (MUO) (all p 0.05). The findings of the present study support that metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater gray matter volume compared to those that are metabolically unhealthy, which is in turn related to better academic achievement. However, cardiorespiratory fitness seems to explain, at least partially, these findings. ; Funding Agencies|Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [RTI2018-095284-J-100]; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)European Union (EU) [DEP2013-47540, DEP2016-79512-R, DEP2017-91544-EXP, RYC-2011-09011]; Government of Andalusian, Integrated Territorial Initiative 2014-2020 [PI-0002-2017]; Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationSpanish Government [FJC2018-037925-I]; Alicia Koplowitz Foundation; Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport [FPU15/02645, FPU14/06837]; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [FJCI-2017-33396]; Strategic Research Area Health Care Science, Karolinska Institutet/Umea University; University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Scientific Excellence Unit on Exercise and Health (UCEES); Junta de AndaluciaJunta de Andalucia; Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidades; European Regional Development FundsEuropean Union (EU) [SOMM17/6107/UGR]; SAMID III network; RETICS - PN I + D + I 2017-2021 (Spain); ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)European Union (EU) [RD16/0022]; EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations [DEP2005-00046/ACTI]; European Unions 2020 research and innovation programEuropean Union (EU) [667302]

Large epidemiological studies that use accelerometers for physical behavior and sleep assessment differ in the location of the accelerometer attachment and the signal aggregation metric chosen. This study aimed to assess the comparability of acceleration metrics between commonly-used body-attachment locations for 24 hours, waking and sleeping hours, and to test comparability of PA cut points between dominant and non-dominant wrist. Forty-five young adults (23 women, 18-41 years) were included and GT3X + accelerometers (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) were placed on their right hip, dominant, and non-dominant wrist for 7 days. We derived Euclidean Norm Minus One g (ENMO), Low-pass filtered ENMO (LFENMO), Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD) and ActiGraph activity counts over 5-second epochs from the raw accelerations. Metric values were compared using a correlation analysis, and by plotting the differences by time of the day. Cut points for the dominant wrist were derived using Lins concordance correlation coefficient optimization in a grid of possible thresholds, using the nondominant wrist estimates as reference. They were cross-validated in a separate sample (N = 36, 10 women, 22-30 years). Shared variances between pairs of acceleration metrics varied across sites and metric pairs (range in r(2) : 0.19-0.97, all p amp;lt; 0.01), suggesting that some sites and metrics are associated, and others are not. We observed higher metric values in dominant vs. non-dominant wrist, thus, we developed cut points for dominant wrist based on ENMO to classify sedentary time (amp;lt;50 mg), light PA (50-110 mg), moderate PA (110-440 mg) and vigorous PA (amp;gt;= 440 mg). Our findings suggest differences between dominant and non-dominant wrist, and we proposed new cut points to attenuate these differences. ENMO and LFENMO were the most similar metrics, and they showed good comparability with MAD. However, counts were not comparable with ENMO, LFENMO and MAD. ; Funding Agencies|MINECO/FEDER [DEP2013-47540, DEP2016-79512-R, RYC-2011-09011]; Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport [FPU15/02645, FPU16/02760]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BES-2014-068829, IJCI-2017-33642]; Alicia Koplowitz Foundation; Strategic Research Area Health Care Science, Karolinska Institutet/Umea University; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre; Collaboration for leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East Midlands; Research Council of NorwayResearch Council of Norway [249932/F20]; University of Granada; University of Granada, UGR Research and Knowledge Transfer Fund (PPIT) 2016; Regional Government of Andalusia, Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Entreprises and University; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)European Union (EU) [SOMM17/6107/UGR, RD16/0022]; SAMID III network, RETICS - PN I + D + I 2017-2021 (Spain); ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion; EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations [DEP2005-00046/ACTI]; European UnionEuropean Union (EU) [667302]