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"This book examines the factors affecting the successful implementation of Education Sector Plans in developing countries. It offers a detailed comparison that draws on data from 27 countries to offer careful research conclusions and policy recommendations. Offering a detailed comparison of education plans from developing countries using empirical evidence, the book examines the resources that have been invested in different education sectors, investigating the development and success of each plan. The volume uses correlation analysis to compare factors including the availability of government funding; national characteristics; ministerial decisions; influences of country and donor stakeholders; as well as district- and school-level issues. Thorough comparative analysis of the data is then demonstrated, with two measures of achievements to identify which can be considered as the most important in order to reach realistic policy and research conclusions. Timely and engaging, this book will be of great interest to researchers, scholars, and postgraduate students in the field of education and international development, comparative education and international education more broadly"--

BackgroundCensuses are meant to provide a complete count and basic information about all households and individuals in a country. After decades of complacency, it has begun to be realised that this can no longer be guaranteed. Several of the presentations at the Edinburgh in March 2018 demonstrated methods which the ONS were developing to resolve many of the problems; but those methods do not solve the problem of those who, for a variety of reasons, cannot or do not want to be counted.
ObjectivesThis paper sets out to document the possible size of the 'hidden' populations in the UK and demonstrate that they are predominantly poor.
Methods (including data)Estimates of the numbers are provided (globally and in the UK) in difficult-to-reach categories: homeless/street children, care homes/hospitals, military, prisons, refugees and illegal immigrants, gypsies/travellers, urban slums.With the exception of the military, the majority in each group are poor.
FindingsThe paper then reviews approaches to counting and describing the various categories:

grosso modo, those in institutions can already be headcounted but apart from relevant institutional status, gender and perhaps age, we have no other information about them; but the main problem is that, in many cases, there is potential double counting with their (temporarily) broken household.
for both Refugees/ Illegal immigrants and Gypsy/ Traveller Population, the main problem is the reluctance of the former to complete forms or be interviewed and of the latter to acknowledge their own ethnic identity
in high rise blocks where lifts are not always working, there will certainly be some unsurveyed and uncensored people; and the Grenfell Towers experience shows that there is not always a secure count of the numbers

ConclusionsThe issue of 'hidden' or missing populations in the UK has to be taken much more seriously.

BackgroundIn developing countries, population estimates and assessments of progress towards the Millenium Development Goals are based increasingly on household surveys. It is not recognised that they are inappropriate for obtaining information about the poorest of the poor. This is because they, typically, omit by design: those not in households because they are homeless; those who are in institutions; and mobile, nomadic or pastoralist populations. In addition, in practice, because they are difficult to reach, household surveys will typically under-represent: those in fragile, disjointed or multiple occupancy households; those in urban slums, and may omit certain areas of a country deemed to pose a security risk. Those six sub-groups constitute a pretty comprehensive ostensive definition of the 'poorest of the poor'.MethodsThis paper documents these omissions in general, drawing on worldwide literature about the theory and practice fo implementing censuses and household surveys; and shows how substantial proportions are missing from both censuses and the sample frames of surveys.ResultsThis paper suggests that between 300 and 350 million will effectively be missed worldwide from the sampling frames of such surveys and from most censuses. The impact on the health MDGs is illustrated for the five republics of the former Soviet Union making up Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and UzbekistanConclusionsIt is impossible to assess progress towards or away from the MDGS in both the Central Asian Republics and worldwide. It is urgent to find solutions to the problem of the 'missing ' poor population sub-groups.

SummaryThe conventional belief since the publication of the Black Report is that social inequalities in health have been increasing since 1931–32 although it has been argued that the measure of inequality used is inappropriate. All analyses have been based on mortality rates which, in large part, reflect inequalities in health over the previous 50 years and not current trends. This paper argues that time trends should be assessed with a current health status measure and suggests using height at age 20 as a good measure of the achieved health status of a group. Analysis of a government survey shows that inequalities have stayed the same since 1940, both for men classified by their own occupation and for women classified by their father's occupation.

Abstract: The place of immigrants in the French system of criminal justice can only be understood in the context of the history of post‐war France. Since 1956, developments in the prison population and the flux of immigration have been dominated by the 'Algerian probleme. After the Evian agreements were signed in 1962 there was a period of 'free' and massive, immigration until 1974. Since then the volume of legislation rivals and probably surpasses the British experience. Together they are the formal expression of the near illegality of being foreign. The day‐to‐day reality of this tenuous citizenship status is documented in the second half ofthe paper. Many of the police in the 1960s also belonged to the Service d' Action Civique, a Gaullisl strong‐arm association; and, since 1974, an increasing proportion of immigrants are being imprisoned. Second generation immigrants also suffer discrimination wherever there is discretion. Overall, the French tradition of being the home of political refugees looks very tarn ished.