Suchergebnisse

1. Introduction : commodity branding in archaeological and anthropological perspectives / David Wengrow -- 2. Making and marking relationships : Bronze Age brandings and Mediterranean commodities / Andrew Bevan -- 3. The work of an Istanbulite imitasyoncu / Magdalena Craciun -- 4. The attribution of authenticity to "real" and "fake" branded commodities in Brazil and China / Rosana Pinheiro-Machado -- 5. The real one : western brands and competing notions of authenticity in socialist Hungary / Ferenc Hammer -- 6. Royal branding and the techniques of the body, the self, and power in west Cameroon / Jean-Pierre Warnier -- 7. Commodities, brands, and village economies in the classic Maya lowlands / Jason Yaeger -- 8. Lincoln Green and real Dutch Java prints : cloth selvedges as brands in international trade / Gracia Clark -- 9. Of marks, prints, pots and becherovka : freemasons branding in early modern Europe? / Marcos Martinon-Torres -- 10. The second-hand brand : liquid assets and borrowed goods / Alison J. Clarke.

3.4.2 Lithics and Soils3.4.3 Erosion; 3.5 Plant and Animal Life; 3.6 Summary; 4 Material Worlds; 4.1 Methodological Issues; 4.1.1 The Visible and the Invisible; 4.1.2 Diagnostic Uncertainty; 4.2 Material Timelines; 4.2.1 Earlier Prehistory; 4.2.2 Later Prehistory; 4.2.3 Early Iron Age to Roman; 4.2.4 Medieval to Recent; 4.3 Behavioural Themes; 4.3.1 Cooking, Eating and Drinking; 4.3.2 Transport and Storage; 4.3.3 Conflict and Coercion; 4.4 Abundance and Scarcity; 4.4.1 Production and Acquisition; 4.4.2 Maintenance and Recycling; 4.5 Concluding Remarks.

Mediterranean landscape ecology, island cultures and long-term human history have all emerged as major research agendas over the past half-century, engaging large swathes of the social and natural sciences. This book brings these traditions together in considering Antikythera, a tiny island perched on the edge of the Aegean and Ionian seas, over the full course of its human history. Small islands are particularly interesting because their human, plant and animal populations often experience abrupt demographic changes, including periods of near-complete abandonment and recolonization, and Antikythera proves to be one of the best-documented examples of these shifts over time. Small islands also play eccentric but revealing roles in wider social, economic and political networks, serving as places for refugees, hunters, modern eco-tourists, political exiles, hermits and pirates. Antikythera is a rare case of an island that has been investigated in its entirety from several systematic fieldwork and disciplinary perspectives, not least of which is an intensive archaeological survey. The authors use the resulting evidence to offer a unique vantage on settlement and land use histories

AbstractThis article addresses a 250-year episode of human colonisation, community growth and subsequent decline on the small Greek island of Antikythera (ad 1770 to present), focusing on rich documentary sources from four decades of British rule in the early nineteenth century. In particular, a series of nominal censuses and accompanying agricultural statistics can be combined with intensive landscape archaeological survey evidence to explore evidence for changing nineteenth-century households, household economies, and how these are manifest across an entire physical landscape. We also contextualise this well-recorded, most recent historical episode within the island's deeper population history stretching back at least seven millennia.

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Natural history (NH) studies, using observational methods, are common in rare and orphan diseases (80% of which have a genetic component). There is profound interest in identifying genetic mutations driving these diseases in these studies to support the formulation of targeted precision medicines. The global regulatory classification of NH studies with novel molecular biomarker collection has not been clearly delineated, presenting researchers with the challenge of determining how these studies are classified and regulated across multiple geographies. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this investigation was to conduct a review of regulations related to NH studies and genetic testing to elucidate regulatory pathways to inform clinical researchers in the field. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Regulatory provisions for NH studies and genetic testing were obtained from Pharmaceutical Product Development (PPD)'s propriety regulatory intelligence database and by surveying the company's country-specific regulatory experts. A literature search was conducted in the Google Scholar search engine and PubMed for supplementary information. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nineteen countries were evaluated; 37% classified NH studies with biomarker collection as noninterventional and 26% required regulatory approval (increasing to 47% when molecular biomarker testing was introduced). No regulatory provisions for genetic testing could be identified in 32% of countries, and 58% did not have binding requirements for genetic counseling. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Lack of harmonization of regulations governing NH studies with molecular biomarker collection contributes to the operational complexity of conducting multinational studies in orphan and rare diseases. A set of harmonized international guidelines for these studies would improve efficiency, and this may be on the horizon with the recent adaption of International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guideline E18.