Suchergebnisse

Nicht jedes Vergehen kann strafrechtlich verfolgt werden: Hausfriedensbruch, Fahrlässigkeit, unfaire Handelspraktiken oder Diffamierung etwa fallen nicht unter das Strafrecht. Das Unrecht entsteht zwischen zivilrechtlichen Parteien; die geschädigte Partei muss einen Entschädigungsanspruch ggf. gerichtlich durchsetzen. Der Autor erläutert die entsprechenden Bestimmungen im nigerianischen Recht. (DÜI-Sbd)

A comparison was undertaken of confidence in 17 institutions in Ghana, Nigeria, Zimbabwe and the USA using data from the World Values Survey to find shared valuations and distinguishing characteristics as markers of cultural categories. Frequencies and rankings were examined and exploratory factor analysis was used to find plausible meanings of groups of institutions. The findings show that, although African respondents score institutions higher than their US counterparts, the rankings vary. With frequencies, the meaning is manifest. The analysis shows that 10 institutions load similarly on one latent variable and their combinations with the others indicate culture-specific characteristics. The latent variables were named 'not-for-profit', 'for-profit', 'political', 'watchdog or fourth estate' and 'social order' and they show Ghana is closer to the USA than to Nigeria, which is closer to Zimbabwe. The 'not-for-profit' variable is more important in the USA and Ghana and 'political' is more important in Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Institutional-specific loadings show that whereas the police and courts are grouped as 'political' in Nigeria, in other countries they belong to 'social order'; and while universities are perceived as 'for-profit' in Africa, they are 'not-for-profit' in the USA. Comparing frequencies and rankings or dividing along the lines of individualistic versus collective or private and public sectors, masks the dynamic distribution of the systems of meaning in the local cultures; the latent variables approach therefore offers a more conceptually sound categorisation informed by shared and distinguishing institutions. Significance: Nigerians, as at the time of the survey, were yet to perceive the principles of separation of powers between political institutions, the judiciary and the police – an essential feature of a good democracy and a characteristic of other countries in the study. Zimbabweans and Nigerians perceive their public institutions in generally the same way with the domination of the political establishments while Ghanaians are closer to the USA in terms of the values they attach to their establishments with the most important group being the charities. The universities in Africa, as well as the civil service in Nigeria, are associated with business/ profit centres with the Nigerian labour movement also seen as political. The army also remains relevant as a part of the fourth estate in Ghana and Nigeria.

This book is about the combating of impunity from international criminality, with a special focus on the role of Sierra Leone as a pioneer in the progressive application of international criminal law in the African region. Despite Sierra Leone's role, the country's profile, both in terms of the incorporation and application of the doctrine of universal jurisdiction, is deficient in several major respects falling far short of its dual international obligation not to provide safe havens from justice for perpetrators of international crimes and to combat impunity from such crimogenic acts. Based on his vast experience in this field, the author provides the reader with a seminal scholarly work articulating the existing state of the law in Sierra Leone and highlighting the deficiencies in the law and factors inhibiting the exercise of universal jurisdiction in this UN member state. He also proposes substantive and procedural law reforms in the state's relevant law on the subject. The book is recommended reading for practitioners and scholars in international criminal law and related disciplines. Its accessibility is highly enhanced by relevant footnotes, tables and summaries of each chapter. Justice Bankole Thompson holds a Ph.D. in Law from the University of Cambridge. He is Professor Emeritus of Criminal Justice Studies, Eastern Kentucky University, USA. He was a Judge of the Special Court for Sierra Leone. Currently, Justice Thompson is a Judge of the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone, and a fellow of the Sierra Leone Institute of International Law