Suchergebnisse

Обосновывается необходимость перехода к модели открытых инноваций в инновационной региональной политике. Основным условием перехода является институциональная среда, в частности отражение концепции открытости в базовых законах регионов в сфере инновационной деятельности. Представлены результаты анализа законов регионов участников Ассоциации инновационных регионов России на предмет соответствия реализации принципа открытости региональных инновационных систем. Выявляется ряд институциональных барьеров на пути межрегионального взаимодействия и предлагаются рекомендации по совершенствованию регионального законодательства в сфере инновационной деятельности в контексте перехода к модели открытых инноваций. ; Due to the transition of Russia to an innovative way of development need of research of realization of innovative process at various levels of economy is staticized. As the world practice of management of development of innovative systems of various level testifies, transformation of models of innovative process happens in the direction of openness. In models of the last generations paramount value is gained by strategic integration as for successful innovative activity interaction only between enterprise divisions is not enough, other sources of knowledge are necessary: universities, research centers, consumers. Thus, there is a gradual change of a paradigm of innovative development from the closed innovative practice to its new, open forms. Data of the researches confirming show that in Russia the absolute majority of innovations is developed in the companies, practically without attraction of intellectual and financial resources from the outside. With such a closed approach the company does not use external sources for creation of innovations, counts only on itself and seeks to protect innovations by the rights to intellectual property. Open innovative practice assumes active search of perspective ideas in the environment, joint researches and creation of innovations with other partners, and also strategic use of the rights to intellectual property. The main condition of transition to the model of open innovations is the corresponding institutional environment, in particular, reflection of the concept of openness in basic laws of regions in the sphere of innovative activity, normative legal acts in the sphere of intellectual property protection, interregional agreements, documents of strategic planning and program goals management, etc. The conclusion that today the given institutional base is quite poorly developed at the level of regions is drawn. In the conditions of activization of integration processes in the economic sphere the problem of harmonization of the legislation is of particular importance. One of the major limiting factors of constructive interaction of regions and formation of a uniform innovative space of the country is inconsistency and different levels of development of the institutional environment in regions. In the article the results of the analysis of the basic regional legislation are given in the sphere of innovative activity about compliance of open innovations model realization, institutional barriers on the way of interregional interaction come to light and recommendations on improvement of the relevant provisions of regional laws in the sphere of innovative activity in the transition context to open innovative systems are offered.

Актуализируется исследование рентных отношений в сфере интеллектуальной инновационной деятельности. Раскрываются понятие «интеллектуальная рента», её состав и особенности. Доказывается созидательная роль интеллектуальной ренты и патентной монополии в стимулировании НТП, развитии человеческого капитала, становлении новой модели экономики. Делается вывод о наличии в экономике России существенных диспропорций в уровне рентабельности в пользу отраслей низкого передела и обосновывается необходимость целенаправленного формирования интеллектуальной ренты на различных уровнях. Обозначается необходимость управления процессом формирования инновационных доходов в зависимости от региональной модели инновационного развития. ; At the post-industrial stage of development of the society upon purposeful transition to an innovative way of development, intellectual activity becomes the basis of the new model of economy. It is accompanied by allocation of an intellectual resource as the basic strategic one. At present the condition of the theory and practice of rent relations is in the sphere of intellectual, innovative activity at the origin stage, the foundation is being laid: the conceptual and categorial framework is defined, intrinsic lines of intellectual rent come to light, options of assessment of rent are grounded. In the article research of rent relations in the sphere of intellectual, innovative activity is given. The study of evolution of the theory of rent showed that it developed together with complication and differentiation of types of economic activity, involvement in economic process of new types of resources. Taking into account that at the present historical stage there is a gradual all-system transformation of the social and economic relations, the theory of rent has further development connected with transfer of rent relations into the intellectual, innovative sphere. The concept "intellectual rent", its structure and features are described. The first part of intellectual rent is made by the excess profit received from production and realization of innovative production by one's own forces on the basis of objects of intellectual property. The second part of rent is made by the income from transfer of property rights (royalty, lump-sum payments, mixed payments). The basis of formation of intellectual rent is intellectual property. Fundamental differences of patent monopoly and traditional monopoly are specified. The creative role of intellectual rent and patent monopoly in technological progress stimulation, development of human capital, formation of a new model of economy is proved. According to the authors, questions of interaction of anti-trust and protection of intellectual property are most urgent for the developed countries with a competitive hi-tech sector, in which there are giant companies rather rigidly competing and often using noncompetitive methods. In case with developing countries, in particular, with Russia characterized by insufficient innovative activity of companies, with a weak hi-tech sector and mainly small and medium-sized companies functioning, strengthening of intellectual property protection and better efficiency of mechanisms of coercion to legislation performance are necessary. On the basis of the data of researches on profitability of branches a conclusion is drawn that economy of Russia has essential disproportions in profitability level in favor of branches of low repartition. In Russia there mainly develop those types of productions of goods and services that are capable to provide profitability at the level considerably exceeding the average one for world economy. The innovative sector remains underfunded, in this regard the need of purposeful formation of intellectual rent at various levels of economy is proved. The task is that the country and regions do not lose the due share of the world intellectual rent at the intellectual potential and natural and resource support it has. The need of management of the process of formation of innovative income depending on the regional model of innovative development is stated.

Раскрыты предпосылки возникновения и развития института модельного нормотворчества, его сущность, основные виды модельных актов. Актуализирована необходимость использования модельных норм на межрегиональном уровне с целью гармонизации правовых систем регионов для их эффективного взаимодействия. Освещен первый опыт Ассоциации инновационных регионов России по разработке Модельного закона «Об инновационной деятельности в субъекте Российской Федерации». Раскрыты отдельные методические вопросы разработки настоящего Модельного закона, представлены его структура и отдельные нормы. Обозначены последствия и перспективы внедрения института модельного нормотворчества в региональную практику правового регулирования. ; The model law emergence as a legal institution is a result of increased integration processes manifested in various spheres of life. Development of the network-based approach to the organization of social and economic processes is accompanied by the need to develop the institutional unity of participants in the interaction at various levels of the economy: international, inter-regional, interfirm. This activates processes of harmonization and unification of the legal regulation of relations in specific areas, which happens with the use of model rules. The article presents a brief history of model acts and their types. The practice of developing model laws exists in Russia in the framework of cooperation of the CIS countries, in the preparation by federal public authorities of model laws for the regions of "direct action" in the area of their competence. Until now, model acts in Russia do not have a statutory definition, a place and role in the legal system, a single legal mechanism for legitimizing such acts. Inconsistency and different levels of development of the institutional environment of the regions (in terms of innovation legal support) updated the need to improve regional laws and address the identified institutional barriers. Model lawmaking "from below", at the initiative of the regions, has been first developed in Russia with the creation of the Association of Innovative Regions of Russia (AIRR). AIRR includes regions for which the innovation scenario is an absolute priority in the socio-economic policy, therefore, improving the legal regulation in the sphere of innovation is one of the most important areas of cooperation. A model law "On innovation activity in the subject of the Russian Federation" prepared by the Legislation Committee of AIRR on behalf of the Working Group with the Head of the State Duma of the Russian Federation for legislative initiatives in innovation policy (Decision of December 04, 2013) on the basis of an analysis of the legal framework in the regions of AIRR innovation activities established for over 20 years. The article highlights the first experience of the Association of Innovative Regions of Russia in the development of the model law "On innovation activity in the subject of the Russian Federation": some methodological issues of the development of the law are revealed, its structure and certain rules are presented; consequences and prospects for the implementation of the model lawmaking institution in the regional practice of legal regulation are marked.