Suchergebnisse

In their October 2011 ASR article, "How General Is Trust in 'Most People'? Solving the Radius of Trust Problem," Delhey, Newton, and Welzel pioneer the measurement of trust radius, defined as the width of the circle of people among whom a certain trust level exists. One key finding of their study is that trust radius correlates so strongly with out-group trust level that the two are essentially identical constructs; this clashes with standard theory's finding that trust level and trust radius are distinct trust constructs. This result proves to be erroneous, however, due to a mistaken label. I seek to correct this labeling error and find that trust radius is, in fact, a separate trust construct. Trust radius differs from established trust level constructs such as level of trust in most people and level of out-group trust, not only theoretically but empirically as well.

Based on national monitoring surveys, the trends of trust in government and social institutions in Ukrainian society are shown. Paper considers specifics of trust levels trends for the last two years

Three experiments employed procedures which allowed trust levels to be continuously monitored during ongoing two-party exchange. Level of trust was behaviorally defined by degree of "expansion" of exchange-that is, by how far ahead in earnings one party put the other. Higher levels of trust were increasingly risky because they resulted in proportionately greater earnings reductions when the other person was untrustworthy (failed to reciprocate). Consistent with Blau's (1964, 1968) theoretical descriptions of the development of trust and expanded exchange, trust levels increased gradually in most pairs, even in a procedure (Alternation Cost) which made low trust levels costly. Two manipulations (Time Uncertainty and Exchange Uncertainty) which made it uncertain whether the other person would be able to reciprocate produced dramatic decreases in trust. A third manipulation (Temptation), which made it uncertain whether the other person would choose to reciprocate, had similar effects. The combination of a reduced likelihood of reciprocation and Alternation Cost produced intermediate reductions in trust levels in some pairs and a cessation of exchange in others.

The arguable claims of levels of trust in politics and business situations motivated this study, which investigates the degree of trust within micro, small, and medium categories of Hungarian Information and Communication Technology (ICT) companies. Different sizes of companies have varying interactions between internal members and their business partners. This study concentrated on exploring Hungarian ICT companies due to their significant role in supporting Industry 4.0. The study population are active Hungarian ICT companies. This research implemented random cluster selection related to the location of ICT firms. It exploited 100 samples, including micro, small, and medium-sized companies, and implemented discriminant analysis to examine the description and hypotheses. First, this study found that the level of trust in institutions within micro, small, and medium-sized companies varies significantly. The level of trust in institutions proliferates within corporations due to the capability of the formal institution to provide fair public services. This research additionally underlined that the performance of the Hungarian government would improve trust amongst the companies. Second, this study concluded that the level of interpersonal trust within three categories of companies was similar. A high level of interpersonal trust would expand internal engagement among the members of companies. Finally, the level of trust in business partners varied significantly within the distinct sizes of Hungarian ICT companies. A high level of trust in corporate associates improves business collaboration, reduces uncertainty, and supports long-term business connections. Levels of institutional trust and interorganizational trust differed amongst different categories of companies. However, the level of interpersonal trust remained similar within companies of the various sizes. © 2021 Oláh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

The article considers peculiarities of modern information technologies introduction including e-state management (e-government) in government bodies, local authorities and governmental structure. Certain factors, influencing citizen's intention to use the system of interaction with e-government, taking into account trust, perceived risk and political efficiency on the example of several European countries are described in the article. Attempt to compare different approaches to e-government introduction into countries, having basic differences, influencing e-government introduction, i.e. cultural and historic problem of the country, infrastructure, e-competence and development of citizens, civil servants and technical staff was made by the authors. Advantages of e-government, such as improvement of access to information and services; dropping-out of access limits to authority, improvement the quality of service and reputation; integration of institutions are revealed in the paper. The authors attempt to examine modern conditions of new information technologies introduction; determine anticipated utility of their use; obtain new data of new government services; generalize problems of anticipated risks and threats for citizens, using e-government services and contemplate ways of their prevention.

In recent years, the healthcare sector has adopted the use of operational risk assessment tools to help understand the systems issues that lead to patient safety incidents. But although these problem‐focused tools have improved the ability of healthcare organizations to identify hazards, they have not translated into measurable improvements in patient safety. One possible reason for this is a lack of support for the solution‐focused process of risk control. This article describes a content analysis of the risk management strategies, policies, and procedures at all acute (i.e., hospital), mental health, and ambulance trusts (health service organizations) in the East of England area of the British National Health Service. The primary goal was to determine what organizational‐level guidance exists to support risk control practice. A secondary goal was to examine the risk evaluation guidance provided by these trusts. With regard to risk control, we found an almost complete lack of useful guidance to promote good practice. With regard to risk evaluation, the trusts relied exclusively on risk matrices. A number of weaknesses were found in the use of this tool, especially related to the guidance for scoring an event's likelihood. We make a number of recommendations to address these concerns. The guidance assessed provides insufficient support for risk control and risk evaluation. This may present a significant barrier to the success of risk management approaches in improving patient safety.

Good governance is an approach to creating good organizational management founded under the principles of transparency, equity, and accountability to achieve organizational goals. The rising public demand for good governance has encouraged the central and local governments to apply transparency and accountability in their administration. Public distrust of the government in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic through the vaccine program can be affected by the level of education, age, political affiliation, religion, and perceived experience. The community assumes that every action decided by the government always involves political and economic interests; the government takes advantage of the momentum amidst the calamities suffered by the community. The purpose of this study is to examine the trust factor, political party, and level of education in correlation with the influence of the variable level of public trust in the Covid-19 vaccine program as an embodiment of good governance. This study is descriptive quantitative research. The primary data used derives from questionnaires distributed via Google Form with a total of 391 respondents. The results from the analysis and discussion indicated that all utilized variables in this study for both the independent variable of public trust and moderation variables (religion, political affiliation, and education level) affect the transparency of good governance in the delivery of the Covid-19 vaccine program. It is also known that the moderation variables consisting of religion, political affiliation, and the latest education level are considered partial moderation because the magnitude of the direct influence is greater than the indirect one, meaning that the independent variable can directly influence the dependent variables without going through or involving moderation variable.

Good governance is an approach to creating good organizational management founded under the principles of transparency, equity, and accountability to achieve organizational goals. The rising public demand for good governance has encouraged the central and local governments to apply transparency and accountability in their administration. Public distrust of the government in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic through the vaccine program can be affected by the level of education, age, political affiliation, religion, and perceived experience. The community assumes that every action decided by the government always involves political and economic interests; the government takes advantage of the momentum amidst the calamities suffered by the community. The purpose of this study is to examine the trust factor, political party, and level of education in correlation with the influence of the variable level of public trust in the Covid-19 vaccine program as an embodiment of good governance. This study is descriptive quantitative research. The primary data used derives from questionnaires distributed via Google Form with a total of 391 respondents. The results from the analysis and discussion indicated that all utilized variables in this study for both the independent variable of public trust and moderation variables (religion, political affiliation, and education level) affect the transparency of good governance in the delivery of the Covid-19 vaccine program. It is also known that the moderation variables consisting of religion, political affiliation, and the latest education level are considered partial moderation because the magnitude of the direct influence is greater than the indirect one, meaning that the independent variable can directly influence the dependent variables without going through or involving moderation variable.

This study applies the job strain model (JDC-S) to social trust to analyse how workplace characteristics influence social trust formation patterns. By defining the 'workplace' as consisting of (a) workload, (b) control and (c) social support, the JDC-S model predicts job demands to inversely relate to social trust, whereas job control and social support to positively affect trust among the employed. We utilise the sample of 60,250 respondents from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) to operationalise the three components and link them to social trust scores. Our analysis provides strong empirical evidence that the three factors are not only associated with trust among employed individuals, but that their impact is also contingent on the respondents' sex and age.

Objectives: This study explores associations between trust in directives and compliance with physical distancing by comparing two populations in Israel. Methods: Following two lockdowns, we conducted two cross-sectional surveys among the Arab minority and Jewish citizens of Israel (first survey, N = 613; second survey, N = 542). We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses for the association between trust and compliance with physical distancing separately for each group in each survey. Results: In both surveys trust levels were significantly lower among Arabs than Jews (p < 0.001). Compared to Jews, Arabs were less likely to report compliance with physical distancing in the first and second surveys (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.84 and OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.98, respectively). In both surveys trusting the directives was an important determinant of compliance with physical distancing among Jews only. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that momentum is important in building and maintaining public trust and compliance during pandemics. Policymakers should note the lack of trust among Arabs, which warrants further research and interventions.