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In the article one has identified disputable parts of the Russian Federation taxation system and methods, affecting it. There is revealed the gist of the tax avoidance and also the main ways to avoid tax payment. Statistic data as for volume of the identified tax crimes in Russia for 2014–2015 years have been analyzed. In the conclusion authors come to a conclusion that for today in Russia taxpayers to a dress with the well-known methods of tax optimization provided to it by the legislation have many "special" methods of the routine tax planning which at their competent use can significantly reduce the amount of tax withdrawals on absolutely legal grounds. The taxation system of modern Russia is a subject of special attention for public authorities and science, various social groups included in economic activity. Transformations to areas of the taxation become more and more noticeable factor defining the relation of the population of the country to the happening changes in all spheres of public life.

This paper investigates theoretical and practical aspects of tax morale and tax payments in euro area countries. Taxes are the foremost important income source for modern governments however unwillingness to pay taxes is common phenomenon. This paper provides insights into the 'tax payment gap' – the difference between tax actually collected and the tax that should be collected – and argues that it is close to 840 billion euro annually across the euro area. In order to close the tax payment gap, conventional measures like changing the tax rate and taxation base are not very effective and demand for additional measures rises. Households' tax payment morale is assessed quantitatively by employing a dichotomous logit-probit regression analysis. The research is based on household level data for all euro area countries. The results suggest that the main issues behind weak tax morale are corruption and a lack of national pride. Additionally, tax morale is significantly affected by factors such as age, gender, religiousness, income and education. Given the sensitivity of tax income to changes in tax morale - an increase of the share of households willing to pay taxes by 1 percentage point results in tax income growth by 21 billion per year in all euro area countries - by influencing these attributes, one could anticipate changes in tax morale and tax income for the government.

This paper investigates theoretical and practical aspects of tax morale and tax payments in euro area countries. Taxes are the foremost important income source for modern governments however unwillingness to pay taxes is common phenomenon. This paper provides insights into the 'tax payment gap' – the difference between tax actually collected and the tax that should be collected – and argues that it is close to 840 billion euro annually across the euro area. In order to close the tax payment gap, conventional measures like changing the tax rate and taxation base are not very effective and demand for additional measures rises. Households' tax payment morale is assessed quantitatively by employing a dichotomous logit-probit regression analysis. The research is based on household level data for all euro area countries. The results suggest that the main issues behind weak tax morale are corruption and a lack of national pride. Additionally, tax morale is significantly affected by factors such as age, gender, religiousness, income and education. Given the sensitivity of tax income to changes in tax morale - an increase of the share of households willing to pay taxes by 1 percentage point results in tax income growth by 21 billion per year in all euro area countries - by influencing these attributes, one could anticipate changes in tax morale and tax income for the government.

This paper investigates theoretical and practical aspects of tax morale and tax payments in euro area countries. Taxes are the foremost important income source for modern governments however unwillingness to pay taxes is common phenomenon. This paper provides insights into the 'tax payment gap' – the difference between tax actually collected and the tax that should be collected – and argues that it is close to 840 billion euro annually across the euro area. In order to close the tax payment gap, conventional measures like changing the tax rate and taxation base are not very effective and demand for additional measures rises. Households' tax payment morale is assessed quantitatively by employing a dichotomous logit-probit regression analysis. The research is based on household level data for all euro area countries. The results suggest that the main issues behind weak tax morale are corruption and a lack of national pride. Additionally, tax morale is significantly affected by factors such as age, gender, religiousness, income and education. Given the sensitivity of tax income to changes in tax morale - an increase of the share of households willing to pay taxes by 1 percentage point results in tax income growth by 21 billion per year in all euro area countries - by influencing these attributes, one could anticipate changes in tax morale and tax income for the government.

This paper investigates theoretical and practical aspects of tax morale and tax payments in euro area countries. Taxes are the foremost important income source for modern governments however unwillingness to pay taxes is common phenomenon. This paper provides insights into the 'tax payment gap' – the difference between tax actually collected and the tax that should be collected – and argues that it is close to 840 billion euro annually across the euro area. In order to close the tax payment gap, conventional measures like changing the tax rate and taxation base are not very effective and demand for additional measures rises. Households' tax payment morale is assessed quantitatively by employing a dichotomous logit-probit regression analysis. The research is based on household level data for all euro area countries. The results suggest that the main issues behind weak tax morale are corruption and a lack of national pride. Additionally, tax morale is significantly affected by factors such as age, gender, religiousness, income and education. Given the sensitivity of tax income to changes in tax morale - an increase of the share of households willing to pay taxes by 1 percentage point results in tax income growth by 21 billion per year in all euro area countries - by influencing these attributes, one could anticipate changes in tax morale and tax income for the government.

This study examines whether participating in governmental decisions influences taxpayers' cooperation. The results of experiment 1 show that participants tend to contribute more when they can vote on different rules for a public good game. Experiment 2 reveals that tax payments are lowest in a tax simulation when participants benefit from tax payments and can not vote. However, when the participants did not benefit from tax payments, voting had no impact and cooperation was about the same as when participants benefited and could vote. Furthermore, voting increases procedural fairness and trust mediates the effect of procedural fairness on tax payments.

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Hintergründe der bargeldlosen Staatsfinanzen in Russland. Diese Arbeit ist wie folgt aufgeteilt. Im ersten Kapitel wird ein Überblick über die Entwicklung von Volumen und Formen der non-monetären Steuerzahlungen (NMS) zuerst auf der föderalen und anschließend auf der regionalen Ebene gegeben. Im zweiten Kapitel werden die allgemeinen Ursachen für das Aufkommen von NMS sowie deren Gewichtung und Wechselwirkungen untereinander analysiert. Speziell wird auf die Rolle der föderalen Finanzverfassung für die überproportionale Verbreitung von NMS in den Regionen eingegangen. Im dritten Kapitel werden die Kosten von NMS diskutiert, die sowohl direkt dem Haushalt entstehen, als auch indirekt über strukturelle Einflüsse die Stabilität der Staatsfinanzen langfristig gefährden. Die abschließende Zusammenfassung enthält einen Exkurs über die Maßnahmen, die seitens des Staates, sprich des föderalen Zentrums, gegen die Verbreitung von NMS ergriffen wurden. Ihre Erfolgschancen werden in Abhängigkeit davon beurteilt, inwieweit sie an den Kernursachen von NMS ansetzen. (ICD)

By enacting a $1 million debt limit for deductible home mortgage interest in 1987,' Congress opened the way for a fresh inquiry into the home property tax deduction. Adoption of that debt limit reflects a major change in policy-a re-evaluation of the benefits and costs of subsidies to luxury housing. At first glance a $1 million limit seems ridiculously high if the debt ceiling reflects a decision to stop subsidizing luxury housing. The debt ceiling, however, does not contain an inflation adjustment provision. Because such provisions are common in the Internal Revenue Code, the absence here must be by conscious design. Political pressures no doubt required a debt ceiling to debut at a token level and slowly grow by inflation into a meaningful limit. Already, inflation has achieved a significant step that Congress apparently wanted but lacked the courage to take. This change in policy calls for a re-evaluation of the property tax deduction. In general, mortgage interest and property tax on a principal residences are economically analogous costs of purchasing a home. Neither is appropriately deductible as a matter of defining net income, but both are deductible as concessions based on nontax policy. If deduction of home mortgage interest is to be limited, consistency requires that deduction of home property tax also be limited. This Article develops a proposal to limit the federal income tax deduction for home property tax. Under the proposal, no more than $5000 of property tax on a principal residence will be deductible, and no deduction will be allowed to any taxpayer with adjusted gross income (AGI) greater than $250,000. The Article determines that a theoretically pure definition of taxable income would not allow any deduction for home property tax payments, but that certain social policies are furthered by the deduction. Analysis of those social policies reveals that they can be fulfilled by a limited deduction, thereby reducing the cost and increasing the cost efficiency of promoting such policies.

Economic theory sources widely discuss the fiscal policy, the ways of encouraging economic development, improve the welfare of people, improve employment and promote progress by fiscal instruments. On one side, it is possible to use the expenditure policy, on the other side, tax revenue can be optimised by reducing tax gaps. State officials often view self-employment as a missed opportunity deserving more focused attention. The European Union also supports this position. The question of self-employment is important for performers of economic activity. The aim of the research: on the basis of theoretical (legislative) and empirical analysis to find out advantages and disadvantages of tax payments of performers of economic activity in Latvia.

This article builds on observations of self-employed Romanian migrants and their encounters with UK fiscal obligations to position tax as a distinct node in the worker-citizen nexus. Speaking to anthropological critiques of neoliberalism, I argue that economic activity is not merely the ethical imperative of a political order premised on self-reliance. It is also a practical test of migrants' abilities to translate the moral capital of 'hard work' into the categories and bureaucracy of fiscal contribution. Analyzing migrants' compliance with immigration controls and fiscal regimes, seen as a duty to 'account for oneself' in moral and financial terms, this article theorizes tax returns as a key junction in the worker-citizen nexus—one that can allow migrants into, but also confine them to the margins of, European citizenship.