Suchergebnisse

The goal of the project IASON (Integrated Appraisal of Spatial Economic and Network Effects of Transport Investments and Policies) of the 5th RTD Framework Programme of the European Commission is to improve the understanding of the impacts of transport policies on short- and long-term spatial development in the EU by developing a unified assessment framework for transport project and transport policies at the European level integrating network, regional economic and macroeconomic impacts. One of the tasks of IASON consists of refining two existing models of regional economic development, the SASI Model and the CGEurope Model, and carrying out scenario simulations of European transport investment, regulatory and pricing policies. The report presents the common spatial database used for the two models. The report was written in co-operation with the Institute of Regional Research of the Christian Albrechts University Kiel (IfR)

Abstract. After confirming that impoundment of large reservoirs could cause earthquakes, studies on reservoir-triggered seismicity (RTS) have had a considerable scientific incentive. Most of the studies determined that the vertical load increase due to reservoir load, and the reduction of effective force due to the increase in pore pressure, can modify the stress field in the reservoir region, possibly triggering earthquakes. In addition, the RTS is conditioned by several factors such as pre-existing tectonic stresses, reservoir height/weight, area-specific geological and hydromechanical conditions, constructive interaction between the orientation of seismotectonic forces, and additional load caused by the reservoir. One of the major challenges in studying RTS is to identify and correlate the factors in the area of influence of the reservoir, capable of influencing the RTS process itself. A spatial seismicity-triggered reservoir database was created to facilitate the research in this field, based on the specifications of the national spatial data infrastructure (INDE), and to assemble data pertinent to the RTS study in the area of reservoirs. In this context, this work presents the procedures and results found in the data processing of seismotectonic factors (dam height, reservoir capacity, lithology, and seismicity) and compared first to the dams that triggered earthquakes and secondly to the Brazilian dam list. The list has been updated with four more cases, making a total of 30 cases. The results indicate that the occurrence of RTS increases significantly with dam height since dams less than 50 m high cause only 2 % of earthquakes while those higher than 100 m cause about 54 %. The reservoir volume also plays a role, and it was estimated that RTS occurrence requires a limiting minimum value of 1×10-4 km3. There was no clear correlation between the geology and geological provinces with RTS. The delayed response time of the reservoirs represents 43 % of the total; that is, almost half of them have hydraulic behavior. The highest magnitude, 4.2, was observed at a reservoir with a volume greater than 10−3 km3. As a practical outcome, to assist the analysis by the general community, the web viewer RISBRA (Reservoir Induced Seismicity in Brazil) was developed to serve as an interactive platform for Reservoir-Triggered Seismicity Database (BDSDR) data.

This selected bibliography has been prepared as part of the preparation for an NCGIA Initiative on Law, Information Policy, and Spatial Databases. Articles have been placed within one of the following categories: Freedom of Information, Open Records, and Government Charges for Information; Privacy; Copyright, Patent, and Trade Secrets; Computer Contracts, Licensing, Electronic Document Interchange, and Encryption; Liability and Admissibility; and General Books, Articles, and Bibliographies. Although numerous articles in some of the categories covered by this bibliography are contained in the popular and general academic literature, this bibliography has focused on inclusion of articles contained in the law literature and GIS literature. We have also avoided references to specific court cases and legislation in the bibliography.

[EN] A rule-based topology software system providing a highly flexible and fast procedure to enforce integrity in spatial relationships among datasets is presented. This improved topology rule system is built over the spatial extension Jaspa. Both projects are open source, freely available software developed by the corresponding author of this paper. Currently, there is no spatial DBMS that implements a rule-based topology engine (considering that the topology rules are designed and performed in the spatial backend). If the topology rules are applied in the frontend (as in many GIS desktop programs), ArcGIS is the most advanced solution. The system presented in this paper has several major advantages over the ArcGIS approach: it can be extended with new topology rules, it has a much wider set of rules, and it can mix feature attributes with topology rules as filters. In addition, the topology rule system can work with various DBMSs, including PostgreSQL, H2 or Oracle, and the logic is performed in the spatial backend. The proposed topology system allows users to check the complex spatial relationships among features (from one or several spatial layers) that require some complex cartographic datasets, such as the data specifications proposed by INSPIRE in Europe and the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) for Cadastral data ; This work has been partially supported by the research project "Creation and cartographic feeding of spatial data Infrastructures in the local government by means of a data model that integrates cadastre, planning and cultural heritage", CSO2008-04808 from the Spanish Government (CICYT) and the European Union Funds. ; Martínez Llario, JC.; Coll-Aliaga, E.; Nuñez-Andres, M.; Femenia-Ribera, C. (2017). Rule-based topology system for spatial databases to validate complex geographic datasets. Computers & Geosciences. 103:122-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.03.013 ; S ; 122 ; 132 ; 103

AbstractThis tutorial focuses on opportunities and challenges associated with using six large, publicly accessible spatial databases published during the last decade by US federal agencies. These databases provide opportunities for researchers to risk‐inform policy by comparing community asset, demographic, economic, and social data, along with anthropogenic and natural hazard data at multiple geographic scales. The opportunities for data analysis come with challenges, including data accuracy, variations in the shape and size of data cells, spatial autocorrelation, and other issues endemic to spatial datasets. If ignored, these issues can lead to misleading results. This article briefly reviews the six databases and how agencies use them. It then focuses on the data and its limitations. Examples are provided, as are summaries of the debates surrounding these databases, followed by paths forward for improving their use. We end with a checklist that users should consider when they access any of the six spatial databases or others. We believe that these new resources can be effectively used with appropriate caution to answer user‐generated questions about hazards and risks—questions that are important to both community groups and government decision‐makers.

Over the past decades, a large number of Spatial Planning Observatories (SPOs) have emerged in Europe in response to certain factors, such as the growing complexity of urban systems, the development of GIScience or European Union territorial policies. Previous studies have shown that SPOs have little effect when confronted with planning practice. It is believed that one of the main reasons is that the maps held by SPOs are not always focused on decision making; however, this argument has not yet been sufficiently proven. To address this problem and inspired by the doctrine of performance-based evaluation for spatial planning, we assess the performance for planning that a relevant number of European SPOs have according to their maps. The assessment takes into consideration two assumptions: (A) maps must be of continuing relevance to the situation as it evolves; (B) maps must help in defining operational decision situations for different focus groups (decision makers, planners, the public). We find that SPO maps could be excellent tools for planning, although an important number of improvements are still needed. In this sense, we discuss the potential role of SPO maps in addressing a collaborative dialogue between key planning agents in analysing urban dynamics, as well as in fostering new urban governance processes through the consideration of public participation.