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Scientism's methodological arm, the research approach, has created many techniques, eg, operations research/management science/systems analysis, ostensibly for finding solutions to pressing organizational & societal problems. Their analysis, modeling of what exists, quantification, & reductionism are assumed to be the beauty of their logic & their only rationality. Public planning also assumes that these are the fundamental parts of problem solving & policy setting. This research approach & the unstated assumption that it must be used when establishing policies or solving problems may now be the biggest stumbling blocks to finding the solutions society needs. 2 Appendixes, 27 References. Modified HA.

THIS PAPER DEALS WITH SCIENTISM AND THE RESEARCH APPROACH FOR ESTABLISHING POLICIES AND SOLVING PROBLEMS. ANALYSIS, MODELING OF WHAT EXISTS, QUANTIFICATION AND REDUCTIONISM ARE ASSUMED TO BE THE BEAUTY OF THEIR LOGIC AND RATIONALITY. THE AUTHOR ARGUES THIS RESEARCH APPROACH AND THE ASSUMPTION NOW LOOM AS THE PROBLEMS AND ADVOCATES THE PURPOSES-TARGET-RESULTS APPROACH TO FINDING SOLUTIONS.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Innovation on the Planning Theory Agenda: An Introduction -- Innovation: An Upcoming Field of Interest -- Innovation in the Planning Theory Field: Past and Present -- Contributions to Planning Theory and Understanding of Practice -- References -- Chapter 2: Calculate, Communicate and Innovate? -- Introduction -- Calculate and Communicate -- Calculate -- Communicate -- Calculate and Communicate -- Innovate -- Innovation: Definition -- Innovation: Planning -- Innovation: Friedmann from 1966 and Today -- Innovation: Collaboration Arenas -- Mainstream Innovation Theory Versus Friedmann -- Innovation: The Emerging Third Approach in Planning -- Innovate: An Emerging Third Approach -- References -- Chapter 3: Planning and Innovation in a Collaborative Framework -- Introduction -- The Collaborative Framework and the Networks' Need for Legitimacy -- A Pragmatic Perspective on Planning and Innovation as Processes -- The Need for Wisdom in Partnership and Collaborative Network Processes -- How Wisdom in Collaborative Processes Can Increase the Network's Legitimacy -- Knowing Why: Social Values Between Pragmatic and Normative Legitimacy -- Knowing What: Theories About Reality Between Normative and Regulative Legitimacy -- Knowing How: Political Strategies Between Regulative and Cognitive Legitimacy -- The Doing: Social Actions Between Cognitive and Pragmatic Legitimacy -- The Complexity of Practical Judgement -- Conclusions and Implications -- References -- Chapter 4: Politicians' Roles in Planning: Seen or Ignored? What Do We Know About Politicians' Roles in Planning? -- Introduction -- Politics and Politicians in Planning Theory -- Main Impressions: The Ignorance and Lack of Interest of Politicians -- Readers -- Books and Journal Articles.

1. Innovation on the planning theory agenda - an introduction -- 2. Calculate, communicate and innovate -- 3. Planning and innovation in a collaborative framework -- 4. Politicians' roles in planning - seen or ignored? What do we know about politicians' roles in planning? -- 5. Strategic turn in planning and the role of institutional innovation -- 6. Sustainable development - a question of 'modernization' or degrowth'? -- 7. To reduce social inequality through urban planning: the potential for innovation -- 8. Climate leadership: developing innovative strategic tools to improve the partnership-mode of planning -- 9. Innovative planning in rural, depopulating areas: conditions, capacities & goals -- 10. Lost or found? Translating innovative participation -- 11. Planning for innovation as innovative planning? -- 12. Innovation in planning theory, the upcoming perspectives.

The aim of this work is to present an overview of participatory practices through the evolutionary synthesis of so-called "ladders of public participation", created in the last 50 years.The paper shows how, through them, the role of public participation in planning addressed the redistribution of power between those who govern and the governed. The definition of participatory democracy, the motivation of all actors, ICT and the conceptualization of the planning and decision-making framework are all factors for participation offered to the public. Thus, the paper contributes to considering a possible new ladder of participation.

The aim of this work is to present an overview of participatory practices through the evolutionary synthesis of so-called "ladders of public participation", created in the last 50 years.The paper shows how, through them, the role of public participation in planning addressed the redistribution of power between those who govern and the governed. The definition of participatory democracy, the motivation of all actors, ICT and the conceptualization of the planning and decision-making framework are all factors for participation offered to the public. Thus, the paper contributes to considering a possible new ladder of participation.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V120121188