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The sustainable utilization of black soldier fly (BSF) for recycling organic waste into nutrient-rich biomass, such as high-quality protein additive, is gaining momentum, and its microbiota is thought to play important roles in these processes. Several studies have characterized the BSF gut microbiota in different substrates and locations; nonetheless, in-depth knowledge on community stability, consistency of member associations, pathogenic associations, and microbe–microbe and host–microbe interactions remains largely elusive. In this study, we characterized the bacterial and fungal communities of BSF larval gut across four untreated substrates (brewers' spent grain, kitchen food waste, poultry manure, and rabbit manure) using 16S and ITS2 amplicon sequencing. Results demonstrated that substrate impacted larval weight gain from 30 to 100% gain differences among diets and induced an important microbial shift in the gut of BSF larvae: fungal communities were highly substrate dependent with Pichia being the only prevalent genus across 96% of the samples; bacterial communities also varied across diets; nonetheless, we observed six conserved bacterial members in 99.9% of our samples, namely, Dysgonomonas, Morganella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Actinomyces, and Providencia. Among these, Enterococcus was highly correlated with other genera including Morganella and Providencia. Additionally, we showed that diets such as rabbit manure induced a dysbiosis with higher loads of the pathogenic bacteria Campylobacter. Together, this study provides the first comprehensive analysis of bacterial and fungal communities of BSF gut across untreated substrates and highlights conserved members, potential pathogens, and their interactions. This information will contribute to the establishment of safety measures for future processing of BSF larval meals and the creation of legislation to regulate their use in animal feeds. ; The Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Australian Centre for International ...

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Food Waste Management Options: A Case Study of Hope Park Campus, Liverpool Hope University, United Kingdom -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. An Overview of Food Waste in the UK -- 2.1. Food Waste: Generation and Characteristics -- 2.2. Environmental Impacts of Food Waste -- 2.3. Context and Policy Drivers for Food Waste Management in the UK -- 2.4. Context and Policy Drivers for Food Waste Management in Liverpool Hope University -- 2.5. Food Waste Recycling in the UK -- 2.6. Environmental and Financial Benefits of Food Waste Recycling -- 2.7. Food Waste Management Options -- 2.7.1. Composting -- 2.7.2. Anaerobic Digestion -- 3. Materials and Methods -- 3.1. Waste Survey -- 3.2. Waste Audit -- 3.2.1. Interview -- 3.2.2. Visual Inspection -- 3.2.3. Off-Site Sorting and Analysis of Waste -- Collection of Waste -- Sorting of Waste -- 3.3. Estimation of the Total Amount of Food Waste Produced -- 3.4. Calculation of Carbon Benefits and the Prevention and Recycling of Food Waste -- 3.4.1. Carbon Savings from Prevention -- 3.4.2. Carbon Savings from Recycling -- 3.5. Calculation of Cost Savings from Prevention and Recycling of Food Waste -- 3.5.1. Potential Cost Savings from Reduced Food Waste Disposal to Landfill -- 3.5.2. Potential Cost Savings from Diverting Waste Away from the Landfill to Composting or AD -- 4. Results and Discussion -- 4.1. Estimated Amount of Food Waste Produced -- 4.2. The Nature and Type of Food Waste Produced -- 4.3. Food Waste Collection and Disposal -- 4.4. Opportunities for on-Site Recycling of Food Waste at Hope Park campus, Liverpool Hope University -- 4.5. Opportunities for Saving Carbon -- 4.6. Opportunities for Financial Savings -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 2

Worldwide, organic waste represents one of the most significant shares in the waste management system. Within the framework of circular bioeconomy, new and cutting-edge infrastructure has been developed at the European level to turn organic waste into valuable resources. The present paper aims to provide an exhaustive comparison between the European Union and Latin America regarding organic waste valorization. To this end, an introductive analysis about the state of the art circular bioeconomy in Latin America and Caribbean countries was developed. Subsequently, a systematic literature review in the context of South and Central America was conducted to detect differences and similarities in technologies and best practices for treating biowaste. The results show that the Latin American region is home to numerous bio-based infrastructures: biogas recovery, composting facilities and bioremediation strategies. Nevertheless, a conclusive remark underlines that some social, economic and political barriers are still encountered in the region, and therefore, new and locally-based studies are of paramount importance.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Chapters "Sonocatalysis: A Potential Sustainable Pathway for the Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Derivatives", "Valorisation of Biowastes for the Production of Green Materials Using Chemical Methods" and "Green and Sustainable Separation of Natural Products from Agro-Industrial Waste: Challenges, Potentialities, and Perspectives on Emerging Approaches" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com

The authors appreciate the support of the research group RNM-197 (Environmental Management and Technology) of the University of Granada. We are grateful to four anonymous referees for their comments and useful discussions. ; Worldwide, organic waste represents one of the most significant shares in the waste management system. Within the framework of circular bioeconomy, new and cutting-edge infrastructure has been developed at the European level to turn organic waste into valuable resources. The present paper aims to provide an exhaustive comparison between the European Union and Latin America regarding organic waste valorization. To this end, an introductive analysis about the state of the art circular bioeconomy in Latin America and Caribbean countries was developed. Subsequently, a systematic literature review in the context of South and Central America was conducted to detect differences and similarities in technologies and best practices for treating biowaste. The results show that the Latin American region is home to numerous bio-based infrastructures: biogas recovery, composting facilities and bioremediation strategies. Nevertheless, a conclusive remark underlines that some social, economic and political barriers are still encountered in the region, and therefore, new and locally-based studies are of paramount importance. ; Environmental Management and Technology) of University of Granada RNM-197

Intro -- Technological Advancements in Product Valorization of Tea Waste -- Copyright -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Global tea production and business opportunity -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Global production of tea -- 1.3. Business and trading aspect of tea -- 1.3.1. Global export of tea -- 1.3.2. Variation in the price of tea -- 1.4. Tea production in India and its export strategy -- 1.5. Different types of tea -- 1.5.1. Black tea -- 1.5.2. Green tea -- 1.5.3. Oolong tea -- 1.5.4. Yellow tea -- 1.5.5. White tea -- 1.5.6. Dark tea -- 1.6. Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Tea processing techniques and waste management thereof -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Conventional methods for tea processing -- 2.2.1. Plucking -- 2.2.2. Withering -- 2.2.3. Maceration -- 2.2.4. Fermentation -- 2.2.5. Drying -- 2.2.6. Sorting, grading, and packing -- 2.3. Conventional methods for the disposal management of tea waste -- 2.3.1. Selling -- 2.3.2. Exporting -- 2.3.3. Preparation of instant tea -- 2.3.4. Feed for animal, poultry, and fish -- 2.3.5. Feedstock for fertilizer and nutrients -- 2.4. Summary and future recommendations -- References -- Chapter 3: Advancement in the extraction of bioactive compounds from tea leaves -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Different techniques for extraction of active biomolecules -- 3.2.1. Solvent extraction methods -- 3.2.2. Ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques -- 3.2.3. Microwave-based technique -- 3.2.4. High-pressure-assisted methods -- 3.2.5. Supercritical fluid extraction -- 3.3. Bioactive polyphenols and their importance in human health benefits -- 3.3.1. Tea flavonoids and their antioxidant action mechanism in human -- 3.3.2. Tea flavonols and their pharmacokinetics in human -- 3.4. Tea polysaccharides and their bioactivity.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1: Microbial Valorization of Coir Pith for Development of Compost and Bioethanol Production -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Chemical Composition of Coir Pith -- 1.3 Compost -- 1.3.1 Characteristics of Raw Material for Compost Formation -- 1.4 Coir Pith as a Component of Growing Media for Plants -- 1.5 Microbial Valorization of Coir Pith -- 1.6 Bioethanol Production from Coir Pith -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Transforming the Lignocellulosic Biomass into High Value-Added Bioproducts -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Structure and Chemical Composition of Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 2.3 Importance and Types of Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment for High Value-Added Bioproducts Production -- 2.4 Lignocellulosic Biomass Degradation Enzymes for the Production of High Value-Added Bioproducts -- 2.4.1 Production of Lignocellulose Degrading Enzymes -- 2.4.1.1 Fungal GH Physiology -- 2.4.2 Lignin Oxidative Enzymes as Tools for Bioproducts -- 2.5 Xylooligosaccharides: Emerging Bioproduct from Hemicelluloses Fraction -- 2.5.1 From Xylan Structure to Xylooligosaccharides -- 2.5.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment for XOS Production -- 2.5.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis for XOS Production -- 2.6 Spathaspora passalidarum: Deciphering Physiological and Processual Parameters for Ethanol and Chemicals Production by Lign... -- 2.6.1 Ethanol -- 2.6.2 Xylitol -- 2.6.3 Glycerol -- 2.6.4 Acetoin and 2,3-Butanediol -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Microbial Mediated Valorization of Lignocellulose: A Green Technology for Bioethanol Production -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Source of Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 3.3 Importance of Pretreatment Technologies -- 3.4 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Substrates -- 3.5 Microbial Mediated Biological Pretreatment -- 3.6 Hydrolysis: A Process Involves Microbial Enzymes.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is considered to be one of the critical issues in developing countries. To manage this waste in a sustainable way, it is necessary to develop integrated processes to find its multiple utilization pathways. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of MSW integrated with power generation and nutrient recovery could be a plausible solution to the wet waste handling problem in a densely populated country like Bangladesh. In this study, MSW sampled from a landfill of Dhaka city revealed the presence of high amount of organic waste (~ 74 w/w%). This facilitated the concept of waste valorization through nutrient recovery. The heating value of the MSW was found to be 14.7 MJ/kg (on dry basis) making it a suitable source for power generation. HTC experiments on the waste showed a retention of almost ~83% of the energy in biocoal. Based on these results, an integrated biorefinery having a capacity of processing all the MSW generated in Dhaka, can produce 45 MWe power with 3.2 ton/day of K and 0.9 ton/day of Ca as by-product. These results would be further evaluated in a pilot-scale demonstration in 2020. ; 256 ; 260 ; 5 ; Energy, Power and Research Council, Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh