Suchergebnisse

The Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Mexico offer a variety of marine energy sources for exploitation. Although the Mexican government has made important efforts to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, national participation in clean energies is still limited in terms of electricity production. This paper presents a practical theoretical assessment of marine energy sources around Mexico, with the aim of identifying potential zones for subsequent, more detailed, technical evaluations and project implementations. The energy sources considered are ocean currents, waves, salinity, and thermal gradients. Using global databases, the percentages of energy availability for the defined thresholds were computed to establish the prospective regions with the most persistent power availability. This approach proved to offer more meaningful information than simple averaged values. Moreover, some environmental and socio-economic factors to be considered for future ocean energy resource assessments in Mexico were also discussed. The results show that the wave energy potential is highest in the northwest of Mexico (~2&ndash ; 10 kW/m for more than 50% of the time), and that there is a constant source of ocean current energy off Quintana Roo state (~32&ndash ; 215 W/m2 for more than 50% of the time). The thermal gradient power is more persistent in the southwest and southeast of the country, where ~100&ndash ; 200 MW can be found 70% of the time. The salinity gradient energy is strongest in the southeast of Mexico. The practical approach presented here can be extended to perform preliminary resources assessments in regions where information is scarce.

On July 9th, the Pacific Marine Energy Center (PMEC) and PacWave hosted national and international experts from government, academia and industry, and across maritime sectors, to explore future research and testing opportunities associated with the development of the PacWave testing facilities. This report summarizes the findings from the strategic break-out sessions, presents major take-ways for marine energy in specific markets, and suggests associated implications for improving PacWave's value to maritime markets.

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword: Really a Sea Change? - In Search of a Coherent and Consistent Sustainability Approach -- List of Contributors -- Part 1 Sustainable Ocean Resource Governance - The Wider Horizons -- Chapter 1 Opening Address -- Chapter 2 Sustainable Production of Offshore Renewable Energy: A Global Perspective -- Chapter 3 Sustainable Energy Generation from the Oceans -- Chapter 4 International Environmental Law, Sustainable Generation of Energy from the Ocean and Small Island Developing States in the Pacific -- Chapter 5 Realization of Sustainable Management/Development under the Law of the Sea Convention? -- Chapter 6 Toward Sustainable Management of Marine Natural Resources -- Chapter 7 Sustainable Management of Ocean Ecosystems: Some Comments -- Part 2 Sustainable Ocean Resource Governance - The Specific Fields of Application -- Chapter 8 The Area: Common Heritage of Mankind, Sponsoring States of Convenience and Developing States -- Chapter 9 State Practice in Deep Seabed Mining: The Case of the People's Republic of China -- Chapter 10 Multinational Corporations and International Environmental Liability: International Subjectivity and Universal Jurisdiction (Backs and Forths after Kiobel) -- Chapter 11 OSPAR and Coastal State Encroachment on High Seas Submarine Cable Freedoms -- Index.

3.5.1. The Average Percentage Errors (APE) 3.5.2. The Hybrid Fractional Error (HYBRID) ; 3.5.3. The Chi-Square Error (X2) ; 3.5.4. The Sum of the Squares of the Errors (ERRSQ) ; 3.5.5. Marquardt's Percent Standard Deviation (MPSD) ; 3.5.6. The Sum of the Absolute Errors (EABS) ; 3.5.7. The Root Mean Square Errors (RMS) ; 3.6. Adsorption Kinetic Study ; 3.6.1. Pseudo-First-Order Kinetic Model ; 3.6.2. Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model ; 3.6.3. Elovich Kinetic Equation ; 3.6.4. Intra-Particle Diffusion Model ; CONCLUSION ; REFERENCES