Suchergebnisse

U posljednjih tridesetak godina potražnja za kvalitetnim maslinovim uljem znatno je porasla na globalnoj razini. Među najveće korisnike maslinova ulja spadaju SAD, Kina i Rusija. Ova je potražnja dovela i do jače standardizacije kvalitete maslinovih ulja koja se bazira na zaštiti izvornosti. Dolazi do stvaranja brendiranih maslinovih ulja kao temeljni čimbenik proširenja maslinarske proizvodnje u pojedinoj mediteranskoj zemlji i pojedinoj njezinoj regiji. Brendiranje se temelji na specifičnom sortimentu, pedo-klimatskim karakteristikama te primijenjenoj agro i elaioetehnici. Takva ulja u cijeni dobivaju dodanu vrijednost. U ovom radu je prikazano stanje maslinarstva na području Općine Vela Luka s obzirom na sortiment, klimatske i pedološke karakteristike te dinamiku u rodnosti i kvaliteti ulja u posljednjih desetak godina. Prikupljeni su i interpretirani podatci iz službenih dokumenata članova Udruge maslinara Vela Luka o analizama pedoloških karakteristika tala u maslinicima Vele Luke, podatci o dinamici uroda po godinama, kvantiteti i kvaliteti ulja po pojedinim sortama i godinama. Isto tako, prikazani su podatci o klimi Vele Luke i njezinim specifičnostima u posljednjih desetak godina. Analizirano je stanje maslinarstva Vele Luke s perspektivom njegovog intenziviranja i proširenja. ; Over the past 30 years, demands for olive oil of good quality has risen globally, with USA, China and Russia being the countries of the highest demands. This has resulted in higher standardization of the quality of olive oil which is based on protected designation of origin. In other words, branded olive oil production has appeared due to growing number of olive oil production in the specific Mediterranean country or its particular region. Branding is based on specific assortment, pedo-climatic conditions and agrotechnics and elaiotechnics. Such oil have a greater price valve. The aim of this paper is to present the olive-growing situation in Vela Luka with regards to assortment, climatic and pedological characteristics and ...

The assessment of technical efficiency in the agricultural sector and the influence of exogenous (environmental) variables on the production process has been a major topic of economic research especially for managers and policy makers. The methological innovation of the present study involves the impact of environmental variables on efficiency and the utilization of panel data for the empirical analysis. This has been pursued using full nonparametric robust frontier techniques (the alpha-quantile estimator) and a panel data set of olive growing farms in Greece from the Farm Accountancy Data Network of the EU. According to the empirical results, the ratio of owned to total land, the ratio of family to total labor, the degree of specialization, and a farm's location have a statistically significant impact on performance, which is not constant but varies over the 2006 to 2009 period considered.

Abstract
The adaptability of olive-growing systems to climate change is studied in the Sierra Mágina region (Andalusia) using an interdisciplinary approach that evaluates and makes associations across climate, water resources, and socioeconomic strategies. First, the evolution of rainfall and temperature during the twenty-first century is assessed at the local scale using 17 regional climate model (RCM) simulations. A 15%–30% rainfall reduction is expected in the fall combined with a 7%–9% annual reduction by 2030–50. Based on a regression model relating yields to rainfall, residual yields (independent of the increasing trend in the present period and from the biennial fruit bearing of the olive tree) are projected to decrease by 7% and 3.5% by 2030–50 for rainfed and irrigated olive groves, respectively. Substantial uncertainties in these results are discussed. A GIS analysis shows a reduction of ground and surface water resources, which are the basis of the present adaptation to rainfall variability, and an uneven potential for adaptation to climate change in the Sierra Mágina region. Despite the important challenges faced by this rural region, there is no consensus among the local key actors regarding adaptation strategies. This is due in part to the diversity among farmers, but also to the different levels of awareness about climate change among all the stakeholders and farmers. Since the projected decline in medium-range future yields is not very high, there might be time and possibilities, especially in the northern part of the Sierra Mágina, to build a local adaptability strategy within the next 20 years that would take into account improved methods of water management and a better economic valorization of olive oil. But at longer time scales, the adaptability of the olive-growing system to yield and water resource declines seems to be threatened.

global competition between olive oil producing countries is increasingly intense in the face of increased consumer demands in terms of nutritional quality, product traceability, conditions and manufacturing processes. All these considerations oblige operators and operators in the olive sector to opt for specific governance methods and segmentation strategies. The aim of this work is to analyse the process of segmentation of the olive market in a southern Mediterranean country. After moving through the segmentation strategies developed by some EU countries and varying from one country to another, the focus is on the strategies adopted by the Southern Mediterranean countries. These are led by governments that have administrative management and control procedures in place to comply with international legal rules and standards. ; International audience Global competition between olive oil producing countries is becoming more and more intense in response to growing needs of consumers in terms of nutritional quality, traceability, manufacturing conditions and processes. Therefore, businesses and stakeholders involved in the olive oils sector have to implement specific governance modes and segmentation strategies. The objective of this study is to analyze the olive oil's market segmentation process in a southern Mediterranean country. After analyzing the segmentation strategies applied by some EU countries, and which vary from country to country, emphasis is laid on strategies adopted by southern Mediterranean countries. These strategies are mapped out by the governments which put in place management and monitoring administrative procedures to comply with legal requirements and international standards. ; global competition between olive oil producing countries is increasingly intense in the face of increased consumer demands in terms of nutritional quality, product traceability, conditions and manufacturing processes. All these considerations oblige operators and operators in the olive sector to opt for specific ...

Abstract
This research focuses on the adaptability of olive-growing systems to climate change in the Sierra Mágina region of Andalusia. The authors combined a retrospective and prospective analysis, an interdisciplinary approach, collaboration among climatologists, geographers, and sociologists, and the participation of local farmers and stakeholders, all contributing their own knowledge.
This paper assesses the adaptability of olive-growing systems to climate irregularities over the past 50 yr. First, a climatic study shows that rainfall decreased by 18% during the period 1955–2009. Water resource availability has declined 2 or 3 times more than rainfall, in part because of the expansion of irrigation, which ameliorated the effects of droughts and increased profitability. Second, relationships between rainfall and both irrigated and rainfed olive yields are assessed. These show that the cumulative rainfall of the 2 yr preceding the crop explains 41% of the variability of irrigated olive tree yields and 46% of rainfed yields; this result was unexpected for irrigated yields. Third, this study examines the perceptions of climate variability of 15 farmers, the views of 16 local stakeholders [developers, olive oil professionals, local authorities, a conservationist, and a representative of a local nongovernmental organization (NGO)]. The perceptions of the farmers are interpreted with respect to their socioeconomic status. All farmer and stakeholder interviewees know to a certain extent the climatic influence on olive yields, and most of them acknowledge the recent climatic changes. These findings will be valuable for future assessments of the adaptability of the agricultural and social systems to climate change.

This study aims to highlight the issues and challenges of innovation in the olive sector in Bejaia province. To do this, we used a methodology based on the Agricultural Innovation Systems approach, built around the neo-Schumpeterian evolutionary theory, as well as different approaches to institutional change. First of all, the Algerian Agricultural Innovation System has been compared to a sample of olive oil exporting countries. In addition, a retrospective analysis focused on agricultural policy and R&D, as well as olive growing in Algeria. Finally, we have carried out a microeconomic statistical analysis to find out about the determinants of innovation in olive farms. The main result from this research is that innovation in olive growing in Bejaia province faces structural constraints inherent in the overall historical evolution of agriculture in Algeria. In addition, it turns out that olive farmers in Bejaia province seem not to take advantage of their interactions with most of knowledge and information institutions and organizations. ; Ce travail de recherche a pour objet de mettre en évidence les enjeux et les défis en matière d'innovation dans le secteur de l'oléiculture de la wilaya de Béjaïa. A cet effet, nous avons adopté une méthodologie axée sur l'approche des Systèmes d'Innovation Agricole, développée sur la base de la théorie évolutionniste néo-schumpétérienne, ainsi que différentes approches du changement institutionnel. Dans un premier temps, le Système algérien d'Innovation Agricole a fait l'objet d'une analyse comparative par rapport à ceux d'un échantillon de pays exportateurs d'huile d'olive. Par ailleurs, une analyse rétrospective a porté sur la politique et la R&D agricoles, ainsi que sur l'oléiculture en Algérie. Enfin, nous avons effectué une analyse statistique microéconomique afin de mettre en exergue les déterminants de l'innovation dans les exploitations oléicoles. A l'issue de ce travail de recherche, il s'est avéré que l'innovation en oléiculture dans la wilaya de Béjaïa fait ...

Preservation and promotion of agroforestry systems entails the ideology for more ecosystem services, additional biodiversity benefits and climate change mitigation. Furthermore, farmland and forest landscapes and the consequent benefits to the environment from their combination, enhance the importance of agroforestry systems towards sustainable environmental policies. Nevertheless, traditional agroforestry systems face significant adaptation problems, especially in the EU, due to continuous economic reforms and strict agri-environmental measures. In this context our main goal is to assess the current managerial framework of two agroforestry systems and more specifically the olive agroforestry practices in Northern Greece. The economic and environmental implications of four different production plans are highlighted following the Life Cycle Costing and the Life Cycle Assessment protocols. The production plans include the simultaneous cultivation of annual crops, such as vetch and barley, along with olive groves. Potential environmental impacts are depicted in CO2 equivalents, while the economic allocation of costs is divided in targeted categories (e.g., raw materials, labor, land rent, etc.). The results indicate significant deviations among the four production plans, with the combination of olive trees and barley being heavily dependent on fertilization. Furthermore, the open-spaced olive trees intercropped with a mixture of barley and commonly depicted the lowest CO2 eq. emissions, though the economic cost was significantly higher than the other agroforestry system intercropped with barley only. The authors suggest that the formulation of a decision support system for agroforestry systems should be taken into account in order to preserve current agroforestry systems.

This article analyzes the processes and contexts of olive growing in San Rafael, Mendoza, from the year 2000 onwards, during the periods of boom, fall and stagnation caused by climate scourges and by structural and current processes related to international, national and local contexts. These processes and their consequences will make it possible to understand the latest transformations in the sector and the possible perspectives of this regional production process, and to improve the knowledge of its tensions and fluctuations. On the basis of the theoretical framework of the regional economies, we consider the fluctuations that the activity undergoes and that depends not only on the environmental features but also on institutional, economic, historical, cultural and social aspects with all the asymmetries involved in the development of each one of them. For this purpose, primary and secondary sources were used, such as legislation related to the activity, interviews with key referents, statistics, scientific articles and journals and local and provincial newspapers. ; En este artículo se analizan los procesos y contextos de la olivicultura en San Rafael, Mendoza, a partir del año 2000, en el marco de los períodos de auge, caída y estancamiento provocados por los flagelos climáticos y por procesos económicos estructurales y coyunturales relacionados con el contexto internacional, nacional y local. Estos procesos y sus consecuencias, permitirán comprender las últimas transformaciones del sector y las posibles perspectivas de este proceso productivo regional, y enriquecer el conocimiento de sus tensiones y fluctuaciones. Sobre la base del marco teórico de los economías regionales se consideran los vaivenes que experimenta la actividad y que depende no sólo de los rasgos ambientales sino también de aspectos institucionales, económicos, históricos, culturales y sociales con todas las asimetrías que implica el desenvolvimiento de cada uno de ellos. Con este fin se recurrió a fuentes primarias y secundarias, como legislaciones relacionadas con la actividad, entrevistas a referentes clave, estadísticas, artículos científicos y publicaciones periódicas.

En este artículo se analizan los procesos y contextos de la olivicultura en San Rafael, Mendoza, a partir del año 2000, en el marco de los períodos de auge, caída y estancamiento provocados por los flagelos climáticos y por procesos económicos estructurales y coyunturales relacionados con el contexto internacional, nacional y local. Estos procesos y sus consecuencias, permitirán comprender las últimas transformaciones del sector y las posibles perspectivas de este proceso productivo regional, y enriquecer el conocimiento de sus tensiones y fluctuaciones. Sobre la base del marco teórico de los economías regionales se consideran los vaivenes que experimenta la actividad y que depende no sólo de los rasgos ambientales sino también de aspectos institucionales, económicos, históricos, culturales y sociales con todas las asimetrías que implica el desenvolvimiento de cada uno de ellos. Con este fin se recurrió a fuentes primarias y secundarias, como legislaciones relacionadas con la actividad, entrevistas a referentes clave, estadísticas, artículos científicos y publicaciones periódicas. ; This article analyzes the processes and contexts of olive growing in San Rafael, Mendoza, from the year 2000 onwards, during the periods of boom, fall and stagnation caused by climate scourges and by structural and current processes related to international, national and local contexts. These processes and their consequences will make it possible to understand the latest transformations in the sector and the possible perspectives of this regional production process, and to improve the knowledge of its tensions and fluctuations. On the basis of the theoretical framework of the regional economies, we consider the fluctuations that the activity undergoes and that depends not only on the environmental features but also on institutional, economic, historical, cultural and social aspects with all the asymmetries involved in the development of each one of them. For this purpose, primary and secondary sources were used, such as legislation related to the activity, interviews with key referents, statistics, scientific articles and journals and local and provincial newspapers. ; Fil: Cepparo, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina ; Fil: Prieto, Estela Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina ; Fil: Roccaro, Isabel Esther. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina

La vitivinicultura constituye la actividad nuclear de la provincia de Mendoza y la olivicultura la ha acompañado casi desde sus orígenes. Ambas forman parte del conjunto de las economías regionales argentinas y en este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar, los procesos de cambio de cada una de ellas, hasta 1990, y confrontar las circunstancias que movilizaron a los productores y al Estado provincial para que se desarrollaran paralelamente o tomaran caminos distintos, en los que las situaciones de crisis tendrán un papel fundamental. A su vez, precisar las condiciones que las llevaron a convertirse en actividades agrícolas muy representativas del territorio mendocino. ; The wine industry is the nuclear activity of the province of Mendoza and olive growing has accompanied it almost since its inception. Both are part of the group of Argentine regional economies; in this context, the aim of this paper is to analyze the processes of change in each one, until 1990, and confront the circumstances that mobilized producers and the provincial government to developed both in parallel or different paths, where the crisis will play a key role. At the same time, specify the conditions that led them to become very representative agricultural activities of the territory of Mendoza. ; Fil: Cepparo, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografia; Argentina ; Fil: Prieto, Estela Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina ; Fil: Gabrielidis, Graciela Anastasia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina

Traditional olive orchards account for a large share of the area under olives in the EU, particularly in marginal areas. Traditional olive growing can survive only by improving olive farmer incomes and recognizing its multifunctional role. Italy is the second largest olive oil producer of the European Union, and Umbria can be considered as one of the most interesting regions because of the high quality production of extra virgin olive oil and a close connection with traditional knowledge and the local environment. The regional olive oil chain involves about 30,000 farms growing olive trees covering about 27,000 ha and including 270 oil mills. The olive oil production phase comprises the extraction of the oil and additional by-products (water, pomace and husk). By-product management is very important; the olive oil mill wastes have a great impact on soil and water environments because of high phyto-toxicity (phenol, lipid and organic acids). On the other hand, such wastes may be potentially valuable.