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29 Pags.- 17 Figs.- 2 Tabls. The definitive version is available at: https://link.springer.com/journal/40314 ; We address the problem of inverse design of linear hyperbolic transport equations in 2D heterogeneous media. We develop numerical algorithms based on gradient-adjoint methodologies on unstructured grids. While the flow equation is compulsorily solved by means of a second order upwind scheme so to guarantee sufficient accuracy, the necessity of using the same order of approximation when solving the sensitivity or adjoint equation is examined. Two test cases, including Doswell frontogenesis, are analysed. We show the convenience of using a low order method for the adjoint resolution, both in terms of accuracy and efficiency. An analytical explanation for this fact is also provided in the sense that, when employing higher order schemes for the adjoint problem, spurious high frequency numerical components slow down the convergence process. ; This work was done while the first author was a postdoctoral fellow of the team of the Advanced Grant NUMERIWAVES/FP7-246775 of the European Research Council. The second author was partially supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement NO: 694126-DyCon), the Grant MTM2017-92996-C2-1-R COSNET of MINECO (Spain), the ELKARTEK project KK-2018/00083 ROAD2DC of the Basque Government, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award NO: FA9550-18-1-0242, the Marie Curie Training Action "ConFlex" SEP-210412102 and the ICON project of the French ANR. ; Peer reviewed

This paper presents a new inverse reflector design method using a GPU-based computation of outgoing light distribution from reflectors. We propose a fast method to obtain the outgoing light distribution of a parametrized reflector, and then compare it with the desired illumination. The new method works completely in the GPU. We trace millions of rays using a hierarchical height-field representation of the reflector. Multiple reflections are taken into account. The parameters that define the reflector shape are optimized in an iterative procedure in order for the resulting light distribution to be as close as possible to the desired, user-provided one. We show that our method can calculate reflector lighting at least one order of magnitude faster than previous methods, even with millions of rays, complex geometries and light sources ; This work was done under grant TIN2007-67120 from the Spanish Government, and under grant 7th Framework Programme-Capacities (grant No 222550, project EcoStreetLight) from the UE

This paper presents a new inverse reflector design method using a GPU-based computation of outgoing light distribution from reflectors. We propose a fast method to obtain the outgoing light distribution of a parametrized reflector, and then compare it with the desired illumination. The new method works completely in the GPU. We trace millions of rays using a hierarchical height-field representation of the reflector. Multiple reflections are taken into account. The parameters that define the reflector shape are optimized in an iterative procedure in order for the resulting light distribution to be as close as possible to the desired, user-provided one. We show that our method can calculate reflector lighting at least one order of magnitude faster than previous methods, even with millions of rays, complex geometries and light sources ; This work was done under grant TIN2007-67120 from the Spanish Government, and under grant 7th Framework Programme-Capacities (grant No 222550, project EcoStreetLight) from the UE

This paper presents a new inverse reflector design method using a GPU-based computation of outgoing light distribution from reflectors. We propose a fast method to obtain the outgoing light distribution of a parametrized reflector, and then compare it with the desired illumination. The new method works completely in the GPU. We trace millions of rays using a hierarchical height-field representation of the reflector. Multiple reflections are taken into account. The parameters that define the reflector shape are optimized in an iterative procedure in order for the resulting light distribution to be as close as possible to the desired, user-provided one. We show that our method can calculate reflector lighting at least one order of magnitude faster than previous methods, even with millions of rays, complex geometries and light sources ; This work was done under grant TIN2007-67120 from the Spanish Government, and under grant 7th Framework Programme-Capacities (grant No 222550, project EcoStreetLight) from the UE

It can be advantageous for an office motivated party A to spend effort to make it public that a group of voters will lose from party A's policy proposal. Such effort is called inverse campaigning. The inverse campaigning equilibria are described for the case where the two parties can simultaneously reveal information publicly to uninformed voters. Inverse campaigning dissipates the parties' rents and causes some inefficiency in expectation. Inverse campaigning also influences policy design. Successful policy proposals hurt small groups of voters who lose much and do not benefit small groups of voters who win much. ; Die Arbeit untersucht die Anreize von politischen Parteien (oder Kandidaten), Wähler oder Wählergruppen und die Öffentlichkeit gezielt über die Wirkung der konkurrierenden Wahlprogramme zu informieren. In der Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass es für eine Partei A vorteilhaft sein kann, öffentlich darüber zu informieren, dass eine bestimmte Wählergruppe Nachteile erleidet, wenn das Programm der Partei A umgesetzt wird. Solche Informationsaktivitäten werden inverse campaigning genannt. Die Arbeit bestimmt die Gleichgewichte, in denen die konkurrierenden Parteien beide inverse campaigning betreiben, und bestimmt die Wohlfahrtsverluste, die durch diese Aktivitäten verursacht werden. Ferner werden die Konsequenzen aus diesen Aktivitäten für den Zuschnitt erfolgreicher Wahlprogramme beschrieben.

"It can be advantageous for an office motivated party A to spend effort to make it public that a group of voters will lose from party A's policy proposal. Such effort is called inverse campaigning. The inverse campaigning equilibria are described for the case where the two parties can simultaneously reveal information publicly to uninformed voters. Inverse campaigning dissipates the parties' rents and causes some inefficiency in expectation. Inverse campaigning also influences policy design. Successful policy proposals hurt small groups of voters who lose much and do not benefit small groups of voters who win much." (author's abstract)

Discusses a report by Hann and Williams from Coventry Polytechnic
Department of Industrial Design. The aim of the report was to assess the
problems facing a male‐oriented course, when attempting to attract
female applicants. The research took the form of two questionnaires
– one questioned girls in schools, the other questioned women who
had studied or who were currently studying industrial design, and showed
that many factors contribute to the non‐participation of women in
industrial design, specifically automotive design. Perceptions of course
titles were an important factor. The research concluded that women
express little interest in car design, preferring to design domestic
consumer products. However, women expressed interest in the management
of design projects. Concludes that there is an important role for women
in transport design.