Suchergebnisse

After so much debate over the last couple of years on IVF, one cannot say the final word has been said. We have certainly driven ourselves into a cul de sac especially when authorities made relevant statements effectively halting the debate. Yet parliament still has an obligation to regulate a technology, which has been introduced into the country. Shying away certainly does no good; neither does deviating arguments only to issues on the status of the embryo. Admittedly, the failure of discussions on IVF have centred mostly around concerns for the embryo. One columnist asserted it was about 'embryocide', making allegations that we are not being charitable to the truth. Whilst embryocide is certainly a concern, it is not the main issue in IVF. Embryocide, if it occurs, can be stopped. The main problem is a conflicting issue between a morality of a cherished institution and the decision-making responsibility of our parliamentarians, who unfortunately did not engage in a fruitful discussion on how to legislate, other than a report made by the Parliamentary Committee for Social Affairs. ; N/A

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1: IVF and Assisted Reproduction: Global Visions, Local Stories -- Chapter Outline and Historical Overview -- Language, Narrative and Media -- The Power of Analogy -- Rights and Needs -- Words Unsaid -- Assisted Reproduction: An Intimate Industry -- 2: Towards the Two 1978 Births -- Disciplines and Imaginaries -- Clinical and Scientific Disciplines -- The IVF Imaginary -- Bringing Together Ideas and Materials -- Materials, Tools and Techniques -- Tortuous Paths to IVF -- Global Contexts, National Priorities -- 'Making' IVF 'Right': Technical Promises, Ethical Issues and Women Pioneers117 -- 'Assembling' for 'Success' in the UK and India -- Conclusions -- 3: The Foundations of Global Assisted Reproduction -- Fertility Drugs and New Patient Cohorts -- The First Bourn Hall Meeting -- Media Responses -- Institutionalising Assisted Reproduction: Associations, Meetings, Journals -- International Training -- Money -- Commercial Ties: Drugs and Devices -- News Media and Public Relations -- Nations, Natalism and Assisted Reproduction -- Population and Procreation -- Eugenic Thinking and Assisted Reproduction -- Conclusions -- 4: Regulation and Risk -- Early Regulatory Moves -- Regulatory Activism: The Role of Religion -- Religion and Compliance -- Religion, AR and 'Left' Versus 'Right' -- Regulatory Activism: Peer Regulation -- Regulatory Activism: Feminist Interventions -- Case Study: Italy's Law 40/2004 -- Soft Regulation, Risk Management and Compliance Strategies -- Clinical Risk: The Example of Multiple Births -- Multiple Births and Patients' Perspectives -- Donor Anonymity -- Success Rates -- Conclusions -- 5: Oocytes, Surrogacy and Cross-Border Reproduction -- Donation and Selling of Oocytes -- Egg Donation -- Egg Sharing -- Egg Selling -- Oocyte Provider Profiling.

AbstractTriclosan (TCS) is a widespread environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical. Animal and in vitro studies suggested that triclosan may affect homesostasis of sex and thyroid hormones and impact on reproduction. Due to limited data derived from human epidemiological studies, this study was performed to examine the association between urinary concentration of triclosan and in vitro reproductive outcomes (methaphase II (MII) oocyte yield, top quality embryo, fertilization rate, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy) among women from infertility clinic. The study participants were enrolled in an Infertility Center in Poland. A total of 450 women aged 25–45 (n = 674 IVF cycles) provided urine samples. The urinary concentrations of triclosan were evaluated using validated gas chromatography ion-tap mass spectrometry method. Clinical outcomes of IVF treatment were abstracted from patients electronic chart records. Triclosan was detected in urine of 82% of women with geometric mean 2.56 ± 6.13 ng/mL. Urinary concentrations of triclosan were associated with decrease implantation rate (p = 0.03). There were no association between other examined IVF outcomes: MII oocytes, embryo quality, fertilization rate, and exposure to triclosan. As this is one of the first study on this topic, studies among larger and more diverse population are needed to confirm the results.

Argues that policy on embryo freezing should not be enacted until more is known about freezing's specific harms and benefits in the clinical setting. In the meantime, efforts should be made to encourage more rigorous self-monitoring within the medical sector and greater communication by patients about their experiences with freezing. (JLN)

La fecundación in vitro postmortem (FIV postmortem) es una técnica mediante la cual se extrae semen del hombre ya fallecido para fecundar el óvulo de su esposa viva. El objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura es conocer y comparar las distintas opciones de la FIV postmortem en varios países. Metodología: revisión de la literatura en diferentes bases de datos que nos devuelva una búsqueda en inglés o español con alta relevancia con el tema a tratar y disponible en texto completo como criterios de inclusión. Resultado: Actualmente en España se permite realizar esta técnica con una serie de requisitos y bajo unas condiciones legales, sin embargo existen muchas diferencias entre distintos países, en algunos no se permite el uso de esta técnica bajo ningún concepto, mientras que en otros el acceso a ella es libre para toda mujer viuda que lo desee dentro de las primeras horas del fallecimiento del hombre. Discusión: aún son pocos los países que tienen una legislación específica en cuanto a la FIV postmortem, y muy pocos los que permiten realizar la técnica, incluso teniendo la autorización del varón previa al fallecimiento. Conclusiones: Existe gran controversia en cuanto a la legislación en los diferentes países, por lo que sería necesario una investigación más profunda sobre este tema. ; Postmortem IVF is a technique by semen is extracted from the deceased man to fertilize the egg of his wife. The objective of this review of the literature is to know and compare the different options of postmortem IVF in several countries. Methodology: literature review in different databases that return a search in English or Spanish with high relevance with the subject to be treated and available in full text as inclusion criteria, being the absence of any of the above exclusion criteria. Outcome: Currently in Spain it is allowed to perform this technique with a number of requirements and under legal conditions, however in other countries there is a lot of discrepancy, some are not allowed to use this technique under any concept, while in others access She is free for every widow woman who wants it within the first hours of the man's death. Discussion: Few countries have a current legislation on postmortem IVF, and very few countries allow the technique to be performed, even with the authorization of the male prior to death. Conclusions: There is a lot of controversy about the legislation in the different countries, so a deeper investigation on this topic would be necessary. ; IVF postmortem é uma técnica pela qual o sêmen é extraído do homem morto agora para fertilizar o óvulo da esposa viva. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é determinar e comparar as diferentes opções de IVF postmortem em vários países. Metodologia: revisão da literatura nas bases de dados diferentes que você retornar uma pesquisa em Inglês ou Espanhol com alta relevância para o tema e está disponível em texto completo como critério de inclusão, com a ausência de qualquer um dos critérios de exclusão acima. Resultado: atualmente na Espanha estão autorizados a realizar esta técnica com uma série de requisitos e condições legais, mas em outros países há muito discrepância em algum uso desta técnica de qualquer forma não são permitidos, enquanto no acesso outros é livre para qualquer viúva que deseja dentro das primeiras horas da morte do homem. Discussão: Poucos países têm legislação sobre postmortem fertilização in vitro, e muito poucos que permitem a técnica, mesmo com autorização prévia do sexo masculino até a morte. Conclusões: Há muita controvérsia sobre a legislação em diferentes países, de modo mais pesquisas sobre este assunto seria necessário.

Postmortem IVF is a technique by semen is extracted from the deceased man to fertilize the egg of his wife. The objective of this review of the literature is to know and compare the different options of postmortem IVF in several countries. Methodology: literature review in different databases that return a search in English or Spanish with high relevance with the subject to be treated and available in full text as inclusion criteria, being the absence of any of the above exclusion criteria. Outcome: Currently in Spain it is allowed to perform this technique with a number of requirements and under legal conditions, however in other countries there is a lot of discrepancy, some are not allowed to use this technique under any concept, while in others access She is free for every widow woman who wants it within the first hours of the man's death. Discussion: Few countries have a current legislation on postmortem IVF, and very few countries allow the technique to be performed, even with the authorization of the male prior to death. Conclusions: There is a lot of controversy about the legislation in the different countries, so a deeper investigation on this topic would be necessary. ; La fecundación in vitro postmortem (FIV postmortem) es una técnica mediante la cual se extrae semen del hombre ya fallecido para fecundar el óvulo de su esposa viva. El objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura es conocer y comparar las distintas opciones de la FIV postmortem en varios países. Metodología: revisión de la literatura en diferentes bases de datos que nos devuelva una búsqueda en inglés o español con alta relevancia con el tema a tratar y disponible en texto completo como criterios de inclusión. Resultado: Actualmente en España se permite realizar esta técnica con una serie de requisitos y bajo unas condiciones legales, sin embargo existen muchas diferencias entre distintos países, en algunos no se permite el uso de esta técnica bajo ningún concepto, mientras que en otros el acceso a ella es libre para toda mujer viuda que ...

Prologue -- 1 Collection of Gametes in Laboratory Animals and Preparation of Sperm for in Vitro Fertilization -- Collection of Ova for in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Presently Used for Sperm Collection -- Differences in Sperm as a Function of Collection Method -- Preparation of Ejaculated Sperm for Use in in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Used to Induce Capacitation of Ejaculated Sperm -- References -- 2 Ovum Collection and Induced Luteal Dysfunction in Primates -- Ovum Collection -- Evaluation of Corpus Luteum function -- Induced Folliculogenesis -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Analysis of Culture Media for in Vitro Fertilization and Criteria for Success -- Culture Media -- Criteria for Success -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 In Vitro Culture of the Zygote and Embryo -- General Observations on Fertilization and Early Development in Vitro -- Metabolic Requirements for Embryonic Development in Vitro -- Complex Media and Biological Fluids for Embryo Culture -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Mechanisms of Fertilization in Mammals -- Epididymal Maturation and Capacitation of Spermatozoa -- Acrosome and Acrosome Reaction -- Hyperactivation of Spermatozoa -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Cumulus Oophorus -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Zona Pellucida -- Sperm-Egg Fusion -- Decondensation of the Sperm Nucleus and Development of Sperm and Egg Pronuclei -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 The Mammalian Egg's Block to Polyspermy -- Zona Reaction -- Zona Reaction Mechanisms -- Egg Plasma Membrane Block -- Block to Polyspermy Mechanisms -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Gamete Interaction in the Sea Urchin A Model for Understanding the Molecular Details of Animal Fertilization -- Fertilization in the Sea Urchin -- The Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm -- Sperm-Specific Surface Antigenicity Common to Seven Animal Phyla -- Isolation of Acrosome Granules and Identification of Bindin as the Major Component Involved in Sperm Adhesion -- Identification of a Bindin Receptor Glycoprotein from the Egg Vitelline Layer -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Awakening of the Invertebrate Egg at Fertilization -- Sperm-Egg Fusion and the Rapid Block to Polyspermy -- Insertion and Localization of Sperm Components in the Egg -- The Cortical Reaction and Extracellular Peroxidative Reactions -- Activation of Egg Metabolism -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Chromosome Aberrations and Mammalian Reproduction -- The Newborn -- Postimplantation Embryos -- Preimplantation Embryos -- Germ Cells -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Effects of Chromosomal Aneuploidy on Early Development Experimental Approaches -- Products of Aneuploid Mouse Embryos -- The Consequences of Monosomy -- Identical Twin Embryos -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Blastocyst Fluid Formation -- Na+/ K+ ATPase and Blastocyst Fluid Accumulation -- Oxygen Consumption and Active Transport -- Developmental Aspects of Solute Transport in Blastocysts -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Water and Electrolyte Transport by Pig Chorioallantois -- Porcine Allantoic Fluid Volume and Composition -- Effect of Lactogenic Hormones on Transport Properties of the Porcine Chorioallantoic Membrane -- Effect of Bromocryptine on Allantoic Fluid Volume and Electrolyte Composition at Day 30 of Gestation -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 13 Critical Review of Embryo Transfer Procedures with Cattle -- Normalcy of Superovulated Ova -- A Note on Experimental Design -- Morphological Evaluation of Embryos -- Morphological Normalcy of Superovulated Ova with Time -- In Vitro Culture of Bovine Embryos -- Stage of the Estrous Cycle to Initiate Superovulation -- Regimens for Inseminating Superovulated Cows -- Side of Transfer -- Stage of Embryonic Development and Surgical Transfer -- Donor-Recipient Estrous Cycle Synchrony -- Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rates after Nonsurgical Transfer -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Epilogue.

Public debate and policy about in vitro fertilization tend to revolve around the ethical dimensions of experimentation with embryos. In vitro fertilization is, however, performed on women, is designed to circumvent female infertility, and offers new reproductive choices to women. This paper argues that in vitro fertilization is a woman's technology and, as such, ought to be recognized as a political issue with feminist overtones. It suggests that women's rights groups take the lead in encouraging debate about the feminist implications of in vitro fertilization and in monitoring public policy as it relates to women's interests.