Suchergebnisse

BackgroundOver 130,000 children are born in Europe every year with congenital anomalies which are a major cause of infant mortality, childhood morbidity and long-term disability. A European data linkage study (EUROlinkCAT) aims to investigate the health and educational outcomes of children up to 10 years of age with congenital anomalies, born between 1995 and 2014. While congenital anomaly data including information on potential risk factors are standardised across the EUROCAT network, information on mortality, morbidity and educational outcomes are not.
ObjectiveTo create a common data model that transforms key variables in local databases to standardised formats enabling data on health and educational outcomes to be pooled and analysed across multiple registries.
MethodTwenty-two EUROCAT registries in fourteen countries are participating in the study. Each registry records uniformly coded data on cases of congenital anomaly registered in their local population using the EUROCAT Data Management Program. The registries will link their congenital anomaly data to their local mortality, hospital discharge, prescriptions and educational data. The linked individual case data cannot leave the local institution or "safe haven" environment, therefore verification and validation of all derived variables, data transformations and proxy variables must be performed locally.
FindingsCreating a common data model is challenging as there are diverse coding classification systems, languages, healthcare and educational systems in Europe. As with many administrative datasets, the common data model is based on coded data rather than the often richer "free text" information.
ConclusionThe use of administrative datasets across Europe enables pooling of data on rare outcomes and allows hypotheses on the health and education of children to be investigated. However, a common data model must be applied to ensure that data from multiple sites conform to a standard format.

This paper develops a new model and estimation procedure for panel data that allows us to identify heterogeneous structural breaks. We model individual heterogeneity using a grouped pattern. For each group, we allow common structural breaks in the coefficients. However, the number, timing, and size of these breaks can differ across groups. We develop a hybrid estimation procedure of the grouped fixed effects approach and adaptive group fused Lasso. We show that our method can consistently identify the latent group structure, detect structural breaks, and estimate the regression parameters. Monte Carlo results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method in finite samples. An empirical application to the relationship between income and democracy illustrates the importance of considering heterogeneous structural breaks.

Front Cover -- Cognitive Data Models for Sustainable Environment -- Cognitive Data Models for Sustainable Environment: Cognitive Data Science in Sustainable Computing -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 - Multidimensional controlling properties of biofabricated silver-nanoparticles on different mosquito species -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Silver nanoparticles synthesis -- 2.1 Plant-mediated synthesis -- 2.2 Microorganism-mediated synthesis -- 2.3 Animal products - mediated synthesis -- 3. Silver nanoparticles application on mosquito -- 3.1 AgNPs application on mosquito larvae -- 3.2 AgNPs application on mosquito pupae -- 3.3 AgNPs application on mosquito egg and adult -- 4. Research gaps -- 5. Conclusion -- Appendix A. Supplementary data -- References -- 2 - Machine learning-enabled cognitive approaches for handling IoT-based environmental data -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cognitive IoT data-processing framework -- 3. Solution and technology overview -- 3.1 Data collection -- 3.2 Data storage -- 3.3 Data flow orchestration -- 3.4 Data analysis -- 3.5 Data visualization -- 3.6 Action -- 4. Experimental results and discussion -- 5. Last note -- 6. Future directions -- Appendix A. Supplementary data -- References -- 3 - Evolution of sustainable environment: a cognitive outlook -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Classification of smart materials -- 2.1 Piezoelectric substances -- 2.2 Thermosensitive substances -- 2.3 pH-sensitive substances -- 2.4 Chromogenic substances -- 2.5 Hydrogels -- 2.6 Magnetoresponsive substances -- 2.7 Optical fiber -- 2.8 Active and passive substances -- 3. Properties of smart materials -- 4. Application of smart materials -- 4.1 Application in the field of nanotechnology and acoustics -- 4.2 Application in the field of piezoelectric and electrochromic device.

International audience ; In previous research work we defined a conceptual model of a one-stop public administration and we created a prototype to illustrate it. In parallel we participate in a European research project that is developing an integrated e-government platform. In order to do so the project consortium created a governmental markup language (GovML) that describes public services and life events in XML format. It also defined metadata schemas in RDF for searching, locating and retrieving governmental digital resources. We decided to integrate our personal research and the results of the consortium work in order to develop a data model for One-Stop Government. In this paper we explain how we extended our conceptual model to support GovML and RDF, and how we were able to model administrative services at the data and meta-data levels.

Abstract
The paper shows how - using as an example the trade flows between eleven European countries and 31 OECD `reporting' countries - the result of a gravity model, in terms of potential trade, changes substantially when country heterogeneity and dynamics are taken into account.
Comparing the in-sample trade potential index derived from various estimators yields three different results: (a) the average trade potential index poorly represents the distribution of yearly trade potentials; (b) the index converges towards the demarcation value corresponding to the equality between observed and predicted trade flows when country heterogeneity and dynamics are taken into account; (c) the sign of its yearly average is not the right statistic with which to determine the (in)existence of unrealized trade potentials.
Finally, the index derived from a dynamic specification with multilateral fixed-effects is better able to reflect the role played by the time-variant country-specific unobservable element associated with the possible presence of positive or negative trade potentials.