Suchergebnisse

Institutions and institutional trust can be marked as important determinants of (regional) growth and development in contemporary literature. Aim of this paper is to analyse institutional trust in two Croatian counties and to compare those results with earlier theoretical findings. The methodology consists of in-depth interviews made by survey of counsellors or some of leading functions in two Croatian counties. The results are mostly in accordance with earlier theory findings of institutional trust for Croatian level, i.e. the highest level of institutional trust was related with traditional values, for instance in family, while in some institutions trust varied and had a gap in level of respondents trust, depending of their own experience, for instance in self-government and educational system. At very low level of institutional trust were for instance, political parties and Government. As singled out, some of the main obstacles in achieving high levels of institutional trust were corruption, inconsistency in decision-making and enforcement, non- compliance, slow and complicated procedures, non-transparency, politization. Trust in institutions according to the results, impacts reduction and regulation of uncertainty in the economy. These results could be very worth and a certain guide for policy makers and their future decision-making.

Cilj je ovoga rada istražiti koncepciju regionalnih inovacijskih sustava (RIS) i primijeniti je na hrvatske regije, pa potom prepoznati regionalne prednosti koje podržavaju difuziju inovacija kao izvor regionalne konkurentnosti. S tom svrhom osmišljen je sustav pokazatelja, s time da se u izboru dimenzija i pokazatelja toga sustava uvelike slijedio rad autora Evangelista, Iammarino, Mastrostefano i Silvani (2001). Ukupno 32 regionalna indikatora svrstana su u tri dimenzije RIS-a, a to su: stvaranje i diseminacija znanja; inovacijska aktivnost poduzeća i učinkovitost sustava. Među regijama je zamijećena heterogenost u pogledu inovacijskih kapaciteta između 2006. i 2010. godine. Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska vodeća je u difuziji inovacija s RIS-om koji ima najbolje preduvjete za razvoj inovacijskih aktivnosti. Središnja i istočna Hrvatska (SIH) ima specifičan lanac vrijednosti u poljoprivredi i niskotehnološkim industrijama te industrije u ovoj regiji svoje potrebe za tehnološkim unapređenjem rješavaju ulaganjem u I&R izvan poduzeća (stjecanjem licencija, patenata i know-howa), uz snažnu podršku javnih izvora financiranja. Jadranska Hrvatska ostvaruje slabije rezultate u inovacijskim aktivnostima kada se razmotre prednosti koje ova regija ima u usporedbi sa SIH u važnim elementima sistemskih dimenzija kao što su poduzetnička i tehnološka infrastruktura te znanstveni kapaciteti. Na osnovi opaženih regionalnih razlika u inovacijskim kapacitetima dane su preporuke za relevantne politike, poštujući pritom i sektorske razlike među regijama. ; The goal of this paper was to research and apply the concept of Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) to Croatian regions and to identify particular strengths supporting innovation diffusion as a source of regional competitiveness. A system of indicators is envisaged, with the choice of RIS dimensions and indicators largely relying on Evangelista, Iammarino, Mastrostefano, and Silvani (2001). In total, 32 relevant regional indicators are grouped into three dimensions – Knowledge creation and dissemination, Firm innovation activity and Systems' performance. Regional heterogeneity is noted with respect to innovation capacities in the 2006–2010 period: North-West Croatia is leading in the diffusion of innovation, with overall RIS configuration most conducive to innovation activity; Central and East Croatia (CEC) has a distinct value chain in agriculture and low-technology industries and industries' needs for technological upgrading are resolved through external R&D (acquisition of licenses, patents and know-how), backed up by strong public financing; Adriatic Croatia is underperforming in innovation activity, given the advantages it has over CEC in important elements of systemic dimensions such as entrepreneurial and technological infrastructure and in scientific capacities. Policy implications are drawn from highlighted regional differences in innovation capacities and in sectoral structures.

The goal of this paper was to research and apply the concept of Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) to Croatian regions and to identify particular strengths supporting innovation diffusion as a source of regional competitiveness. A system of indicators is envisaged, with the choice of RIS dimensions and indicators largely relying on Evangelista, Iammarino, Mastrostefano, and Silvani (2001). In total, 32 relevant regional indicators are grouped into three dimensions – Knowledge creation and dissemination, Firm innovation activity and Systems' performance. Regional heterogeneity is noted with respect to innovation capacities in the 2006–2010 period: North-West Croatia is leading in the diffusion of innovation, with overall RIS configuration most conducive to innovation activity; Central and East Croatia (CEC) has a distinct value chain in agriculture and low-technology industries and industries' needs for technological upgrading are resolved through external R&D (acquisition of licenses, patents and know-how), backed up by strong public financing; Adriatic Croatia is underperforming in innovation activity, given the advantages it has over CEC in important elements of systemic dimensions such as entrepreneurial and technological infrastructure and in scientific capacities. Policy implications are drawn from highlighted regional differences in innovation capacities and in sectoral structures. ; Cilj je ovoga rada istražiti koncepciju regionalnih inovacijskih sustava (RIS) i primijeniti je na hrvatske regije, pa potom prepoznati regionalne prednosti koje podržavaju difuziju inovacija kao izvor regionalne konkurentnosti. S tom svrhom osmišljen je sustav pokazatelja, s time da se u izboru dimenzija i pokazatelja toga sustava uvelike slijedio rad autora Evangelista, Iammarino, Mastrostefano i Silvani (2001). Ukupno 32 regionalna indikatora svrstana su u tri dimenzije RIS-a, a to su: stvaranje i diseminacija znanja; inovacijska aktivnost poduzeća i učinkovitost sustava. Među regijama je zamijećena heterogenost u pogledu inovacijskih kapaciteta između 2006. i 2010. godine. Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska vodeća je u difuziji inovacija s RIS-om koji ima najbolje preduvjete za razvoj inovacijskih aktivnosti. Središnja i istočna Hrvatska (SIH) ima specifičan lanac vrijednosti u poljoprivredi i niskotehnološkim industrijama te industrije u ovoj regiji svoje potrebe za tehnološkim unapređenjem rješavaju ulaganjem u I&R izvan poduzeća (stjecanjem licencija, patenata i know-howa), uz snažnu podršku javnih izvora financiranja. Jadranska Hrvatska ostvaruje slabije rezultate u inovacijskim aktivnostima kada se razmotre prednosti koje ova regija ima u usporedbi sa SIH u važnim elementima sistemskih dimenzija kao što su poduzetnička i tehnološka infrastruktura te znanstveni kapaciteti. Na osnovi opaženih regionalnih razlika u inovacijskim kapacitetima dane su preporuke za relevantne politike, poštujući pritom i sektorske razlike među regijama.

The article discusses the education of primary school teachers in Slovenian and Croatian regions of Austria-Hungary through legislation and the organisation of teachers colleges. The study consists of a historical comparative analysis for the period from 1867 to 1914. With the appearance of the dualist monarchy, changes occurred in teacher education which can be identified on the basis of school legislation. Teachers became state employees. New state teachers colleges and private ones with public accreditation appeared, separated by gender, some lasting three and some four years. Analysis of the legislation showed differences between the syllabuses of teachers colleges in Slovenian and Croatian regions. A comparison of their activities also shows differences in development, number and organisation. In Slovenian regions, under the Austrian school legislation, the development of four-year teachers colleges and the implementation of new features in teacher education was somewhat faster than in Croatian regions, even though in Istria and Dalmatia the same Austrian school laws applied.

Krešimir Jurlin, Jakša Puljiz, Sanja Malekoviæ Institute for International Relations, Zagreb The purpose of this paper is to introduce economic and demographic development criteria as a basis for Croatia's regional policy. The paper is the result of a project whose main objective was to provide an analytical basis for developing a model for defining the level of development of the Croatian territorial units, with the aim of widening the span of territorial units which are currrently receiving government support under the "Law on areas of specific government's concern". The result of this project was a list of the least developed areas in Croatia, as well as a model for evaluating their development. The contents of the paper are basically the following: the criteria on the basis of which the evluation was carried out; the statistical basis and indicators of development; the creation of the development index; the evaluation model and criteria for classification; the testing of the model and experimental classification of the territorial units. Proposal: To be included under theme 1: Regional science

Institutions and institutional trust can be marked as important determinants of (regional) growth and development in contemporary literature. Aim of this paper is to analyse institutional trust in two Croatian counties and to compare those results with earlier theoretical findings. The methodology consists of in-depth interviews made by survey of counsellors or some of leading functions in two Croatian counties. The results are mostly in accordance with earlier theory findings of institutional trust for Croatian level, i.e. the highest level of institutional trust was related with traditional values, for instance in family, while in some institutions trust varied and had a gap in level of respondents trust, depending of their own experience, for instance in self-government and educational system. At very low level of institutional trust were for instance, political parties and Government. As singled out, some of the main obstacles in achieving high levels of institutional trust were corruption, inconsistency in decision-making and enforcement, non- compliance, slow and complicated procedures, non-transparency, politization. Trust in institutions according to the results, impacts reduction and regulation of uncertainty in the economy. These results could be very worth and a certain guide for policy makers and their future decision-making. ; U suvremenoj literaturi institucije i institucionalno povjerenje označavaju važne odrednice (regionalnog) rasta i razvoja. Cilj je ovog rada analizirati institucionalno povjerenje u dvije hr- vatske županije i usporediti te rezultate s ranijim teorijskim nalazima. Metodologija se sastoji od dubinskih intervjua obavljenih anketom među savjetnicima ili nositeljima vodećih funkcija u dvije hrvatske županije. Rezultati su uglavnom u skladu s ranijim nalazima prema teoriji institucionalnog povjerenja na hrvatskoj razini, tj. najviša razina institucionalnog povjerenja povezuje se s tradicionalnim vrijednostima, npr. s obitelji, dok je u nekim institucijama povjerenje variralo i postojao je jaz na razini povjerenja ispitanika, ovisno o vlastitu iskustvu, npr. u sustavu samouprave i obrazovanja. Na vrlo niskoj razini institucionalnog povjerenja, na primjer, nalaze se političke stranke i vlada. Navodi se da su neke od glavnih zapreka u postizanju visoke razine institu- cionalnog povjerenja korupcija, nedosljednost u donošenju i provedbi odluka, nepoštovanje zakona, spori i komplicirani postupci, netransparentnost, politizacija. Povjerenje u institucije, prema rezultatima istraživanja, utječe na smanjenje i regulaciju nesigurnosti u gospodarstvu. Ti bi rezultati mogli biti vrlo vrijedni i određeni vodič za tvorce politika i za njihovo donošenje odluka u budućnosti.

Institutions and institutional trust can be marked as important determinants of (regional) growth and development in contemporary literature. Aim of this paper is to analyse institutional trust in two Croatian counties and to compare those results with earlier theoretical findings. The methodology consists of in-depth interviews made by survey of counsellors or some of leading functions in two Croatian counties. The results are mostly in accordance with earlier theory findings of institutional trust for Croatian level, i.e. the highest level of institutional trust was related with traditional values, for instance in family, while in some institutions trust varied and had a gap in level of respondents trust, depending of their own experience, for instance in self-government and educational system. At very low level of institutional trust were for instance, political parties and Government. As singled out, some of the main obstacles in achieving high levels of institutional trust were corruption, inconsistency in decision-making and enforcement, non- compliance, slow and complicated procedures, non-transparency, politization. Trust in institutions according to the results, impacts reduction and regulation of uncertainty in the economy. These results could be very worth and a certain guide for policy makers and their future decision-making. ; U suvremenoj literaturi institucije i institucionalno povjerenje označavaju važne odrednice (regionalnog) rasta i razvoja. Cilj je ovog rada analizirati institucionalno povjerenje u dvije hr- vatske županije i usporediti te rezultate s ranijim teorijskim nalazima. Metodologija se sastoji od dubinskih intervjua obavljenih anketom među savjetnicima ili nositeljima vodećih funkcija u dvije hrvatske županije. Rezultati su uglavnom u skladu s ranijim nalazima prema teoriji institucionalnog povjerenja na hrvatskoj razini, tj. najviša razina institucionalnog povjerenja povezuje se s tradicionalnim vrijednostima, npr. s obitelji, dok je u nekim institucijama povjerenje variralo i postojao je jaz na razini povjerenja ispitanika, ovisno o vlastitu iskustvu, npr. u sustavu samouprave i obrazovanja. Na vrlo niskoj razini institucionalnog povjerenja, na primjer, nalaze se političke stranke i vlada. Navodi se da su neke od glavnih zapreka u postizanju visoke razine institu- cionalnog povjerenja korupcija, nedosljednost u donošenju i provedbi odluka, nepoštovanje zakona, spori i komplicirani postupci, netransparentnost, politizacija. Povjerenje u institucije, prema rezultatima istraživanja, utječe na smanjenje i regulaciju nesigurnosti u gospodarstvu. Ti bi rezultati mogli biti vrlo vrijedni i određeni vodič za tvorce politika i za njihovo donošenje odluka u budućnosti.

This article is the first comparative study on the education of primary college women teachers in Slovenian and Croatian lands of Austria-Hungary through legislation and the organisation of women's teacher training colleges. The study consists of a historical comparative analysis covering the period from the emergence of the dualist Austria-Hungary (1867) until World War I (1914). During the period covered in this article, many changes were implemented in women's teacher education. Before the year 1869, women who wanted to become teachers acquired the necessary knowledge as nuns in monasteries, in private girls' schools, or at home. The Austrian school legislation of 1869 had a quantitative and qualitative influence on the development and organisation of women's teacher training colleges and on the quality of women's teacher education. Women teachers became state employees. Analysis of the legislation showed differences between the syllabuses of women's teacher training colleges in Slovenian and Croatian lands. The syllabuses were adapted to the requirements of individual lands. A comparison of their activities also shows differences in development, number, and organisation. New state women's teacher training colleges and private ones with public accreditation appeared. In Slovenian lands, under the Austrian school legislation, the development of four-year women's teacher training colleges was somewhat faster than in Croatian lands. The comparison shows that private women's teacher training colleges were predominant and women's teacher education became more standardised and professionalised both in Slovenian and Croatian lands. ; Rad daje uvid u obrazovanje osnovnoškolskih učiteljica u slovenskim i hrvatskim zemljama Austro-Ugarske Monarhije preko zakonodavstva i organizacije ženskih učiteljskih škola. Istraživanje se sastoji od povijesne komparativne analize razdoblja između 1867. i 1914. godine. Pojavom Dvojne Monarhije dolazi do promjena u obrazovanju učiteljica. One se mogu najprije identificirati na temelju školskoga zakonodavstva. Učiteljice postaju državne službenice. Javljaju se nove državne ženske učiteljske škole, ali i one privatne s pravom javnosti. Analiza zakonodavstva pokazala je razlike između nastavnih planova u učiteljskim školama u slovenskim i hrvatskim zemljama unutar Monarhije. Komparacija njihovih aktivnosti također pokazuje razlike u razvoju, broju i organizaciji. U slovenskim zemljama, koje potpadaju pod austrijsko školsko zakonodavstvo, razvitak četverogodišnjih škola za učiteljice tekao je nešto brže nego u hrvatskim zemljama. Usporedba pokazuje da u slovenskim i hrvatskim zemljama dominiraju privatne škole za učiteljice.

Rad daje uvid u obrazovanje osnovnoškolskih učiteljica u slovenskim i hrvatskim zemljama Austro-Ugarske Monarhije preko zakonodavstva i organizacije ženskih učiteljskih škola. Istraživanje se sastoji od povijesne komparativne analize razdoblja između 1867. i 1914. godine. Pojavom Dvojne Monarhije dolazi do promjena u obrazovanju učiteljica. One se mogu najprije identificirati na temelju školskoga zakonodavstva. Učiteljice postaju državne službenice. Javljaju se nove državne ženske učiteljske škole, ali i one privatne s pravom javnosti. Analiza zakonodavstva pokazala je razlike između nastavnih planova u učiteljskim školama u slovenskim i hrvatskim zemljama unutar Monarhije. Komparacija njihovih aktivnosti također pokazuje razlike u razvoju, broju i organizaciji. U slovenskim zemljama, koje potpadaju pod austrijsko školsko zakonodavstvo, razvitak četverogodišnjih škola za učiteljice tekao je nešto brže nego u hrvatskim zemljama. Usporedba pokazuje da u slovenskim i hrvatskim zemljama dominiraju privatne škole za učiteljice. ; This article is the first comparative study on the education of primary college women teachers in Slovenian and Croatian lands of Austria-Hungary through legislation and the organisation of women's teacher training colleges. The study consists of a historical comparative analysis covering the period from the emergence of the dualist Austria-Hungary (1867) until World War I (1914). During the period covered in this article, many changes were implemented in women's teacher education. Before the year 1869, women who wanted to become teachers acquired the necessary knowledge as nuns in monasteries, in private girls' schools, or at home. The Austrian school legislation of 1869 had a quantitative and qualitative influence on the development and organisation of women's teacher training colleges and on the quality of women's teacher education. Women teachers became state employees. Analysis of the legislation showed differences between the syllabuses of women's teacher training colleges in Slovenian and Croatian lands. The syllabuses were adapted to the requirements of individual lands. A comparison of their activities also shows differences in development, number, and organisation. New state women's teacher training colleges and private ones with public accreditation appeared. In Slovenian lands, under the Austrian school legislation, the development of four-year women's teacher training colleges was somewhat faster than in Croatian lands. The comparison shows that private women's teacher training colleges were predominant and women's teacher education became more standardised and professionalised both in Slovenian and Croatian lands.

Održivo upravljanje otpadom jedno je od ključnih tematskih područja koje su države Europske unije dužne implementirati u odnosu na europski okolišni acquis. Važan cilj acquisa je uspostava zero waste modela gospodarenjem otpadom koji podrazumijeva multidisciplinaran pristup s ciljem očuvanja svih resursa odgovornom proizvodnjom, potrošnjom, ponovnom uporabom i oporabom proizvoda, ambalaže i materijala bez spaljivanja i ispuštanja u zemlju, vodu ili zrak koji ugrožavaju okoliš ili živote ljudi. Ovaj rad ima za cilj pružiti strukturiran opis organizacije gospodarenjem komunalnim otpadom u zero waste modelu koji je istovremeno obuhvatan i detaljan. Slučaj na kojem gradimo opis dolazi iz hrvatske regije Donjeg Međimurja s glavnim fokusom na grad Prelog kao referentnom točkom proučavanja, pri čemu se nastoji odgovoriti na istraživačko pitanje: Kako je organizirano upravljanje otpadom na lokalnoj razini u zero waste modelu. Temeljem analize dokumenata i intervjua s ključnim dionicima sustava gospodarenja otpadom, rad detektira ključne elemente zero waste modela: 1) održivi ciljevi lokalnih strateških dokumenata, 2) djelotvorna mreža aktera (EU, nadležno ministarstvo, lokalna samouprava, pružatelji komunalne usluge, nevladin sektor, građani), 3) uspostavljeni suradnički odnosi među akterima, 4) korištenje modernih i participativnih instrumenata javnih politika i 5) aktivna uloga građana.

The former Yugoslav wars of 1990s have proven to be one of the most violent and aggressive military conflicts after the 2nd World War in Europe. One of the wars in the former Yugoslav region took place between Croats and Bosnian Muslims (1992-1994). The causes for war and war itself are still being denied by the majority of Croats despite evidence from Croatian historians and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague. Because the media have played a crucial role in the construction of the ethnic "Other" (the enemy), we've interviewed Croatian journalists to understand how they understand, explain and justify the war crimes committed in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The study shows that Croatian journalists appropriated "war on terrorism", "Iraqi war", "European" and "neo-liberal" discourses according to their own socio-historical framework to justify a particular ideology (in this case, the nationalistic ideology of a "Greater Croatia") and a particular practice (the war crimes against the Bosnian Muslims).

Croatian settlement in Sydney has a dynamic history of arrivals, desertions, internment, collective departures, and a continuously rich social and political life although only several hundred Croatians lived in Sydney until 1949. At least 5,000 Croatians lived in Australia in 1947, mostly from the coastal region of Dalmatia, mainly from the Makarska area and the island of Korcula. They made up around 80 per cent of all migrants from what was then Yugoslavia and a majority among the approximately 425 'Yugoslavs' who in lived in Sydney in that period. Many more arrived afterwards and at least 118,046 people in Australia, 33,930 in Sydney, were of Croatian ancestry in 2006.3 The experience of Croatians in Sydney is observed through two historical periods, linked by continuous market gardening in the northern suburbs of Mona Vale and Warriewood, and the western suburbs of Cabramatta and Blacktown. Inevitably, it must be understood against the background of the dramatic political and social events that Croatia and Croatians experienced over the twentieth century.

Introduction: The Republic of Croatia (HR) has significantly invested in monitoring the quality of inland bathing areas during the past 10 years. The aim of this paper was to analyze the results obtained during the 2014-2019 period and to compare them with the Region (non-European Union [EU] countries neighboring Croatia) and EU. Moreover, bathing water quality data at two bathing areas of Zagreb (lakes Jarun and Bundek) were processed in more detail. Methods: The quality of inland bathing areas in the HR is monitored in five rivers and five lakes in nine Croatian counties ; 19 of the 35 monitored sites are located in Zagreb County. Escherichia coli (EC) was determined by EN ISO 9308-3: 1998, while intestinal enterococci (ENT) were defined by EN ISO 7899-2: 2000. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Microsoft Excel Statistical Package (Redmond, USA) and Statistica 13.5. (Stat.Sof.Inc., Tulsa, USA) ; the significance level was set to p < 0.05. Results: During the study period, the worst Croatian inland water quality was recorded in 2019 (excellent quality for only 25.9% of the bathing areas), while the best quality was recorded in 2015 (excellent quality in 57.1%). On average (2014-2019), the share of bathing areas with excellent quality in Croatia was 46.3% (i.e., under the EU average of 85.3%) ; with no poor locations (EU average was nearly 2%). A significant positive correlation was found between fecal indicators (EC&ENT) and the amount of precipitation, while a negative correlation with water and air temperature in lakes. Conclusions: The quality of Croatian inland bathing areas is significantly lower than the European average, while EU water quality is improving. Regarding the countries bordering Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, and Hungary have achieved better results, while Montenegro, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina are still in the process of developing the monitoring of the bathing water quality.