Suchergebnisse

International audience Morphology can be misleading in the representation of phylogenetic relationships, especially in simple organisms like cnidarians and particularly in hydrozoans. These suspension feeders are widely distributed in many marine ecosystems, and the family Aglaopheniidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 is among the most diverse and visible, especially on tropical coral reefs. The taxonomy of this family is based on morphological characters with emphasis on reproductive structures for the identification of genera. This study is the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Aglaopheniidae to date, including six genera and 38 species, of which 13 were investigated for the first time and sampled on tropical coral reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific region. For newly sampled individuals, we sequenced the 16S rRNA, the nuclear locus comprising the complete ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 and the first intron of the calmodulin nuclear gene. Phylogenetic analyses of the data revealed and confirmed a general polyphyly, or doubtful monophyly, of all sampled genera in tropical regions based on both the mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Our results revealed that several morphological characters used today are unsuited to resolve phylogenetic relationships between species and genera, as well as the high phyletic diversity within this family. Future revision of the classification of this family will require extensive geographic sampling and the use of an integrative approach.

Ecological associations are widely reported in literature, covering several levels in the trophic chain or with different species interaction. However, the epibiosis between coral and gastropod species is still rarely observed in Brazil. Therefore, herein we report the epibiosis between the coral species Astrangia solitaria (Le Sueur, 1817) and the gastropod Turbinella laevigata Anton, 1838, additionally, extending the distribution of A. solitaria from the northern Brazilian coast (State of Amapá). The species were collected as bycatch fauna during commercial fishing operations along the continental shelf of Amapá, under the supervision of Center for Research and Management of Fisheries Resources of the North Coast (CEPNOR). This paper increases the northernmost record of A. solitaria and expands its epibiosis interaction with T. laevigata.

none ; 0 ; Authors: Santangelo, G., Cupido, R., Cocito, S., Bramanti, L., Priori, C., Erra, F., Iannelli, M. ; Over the last years, several marine populations suffered a drastic mortality increase of different origins; assessing the changes occurring in the demographic structure of such populations will allow evaluating their future trends and their ultimate fate. The aim of our research was to assess main demographic descriptors and related dynamics in populations of the Mediterranean gorgonians Paramuricea clavata and Corallium rubrum (the "precious red coral") both subject to increased mortality, by life-history tables and Leslie-Lewis transition matrices. Gorgonian populations have been generally been considered to have low recruitment and low dynamics. Here, we test whether these features change when mortality rises and if such populations can reach new equilibria? Our findings show large differences between the two species examined, with lower recruitment and adult colony density, shorter life-span but over-abundant reproductive output in P. clavata. Recruitment density dependence was found in crowded populations of both species, albeit with different trends. Populations of both species tend to recover even after drastic mortality increase and P. clavata reaches a new equilibrium at lower densities than at pristine values, and this in a few years time. The findings in this review could shed some light on the poorly understood dynamics occurring in deep-water dwelling, affected populations of long-lived and slow-growing gorgonian corals. © 2015, European Union. ; none ; 10840/7040 ; Cupido, R. ; Cupido, R.

Este artículo contiene 11 páginas, 5 figuras, 6 tablas. ; In the Mediterranean Sea, the symbiosis between the gorgonian Paramuricea clavata (Risso, 1826) and the polychaete Haplosyllis chamaeleon Laubier, 1960 (Annelida, Syllidae, Syllinae) has only been documented from the western basin. Our findings extend its geographic distribution to the north-central basin and represent the first record of H. chamaeleon in Italy and Croatia. Periodic observations from the Ligurian Sea allowed establishing that the symbiont occurs on P. clavata almost throughout the year, showing a reproductive period longer than previously reported. Morphometric comparisons of three Mediterranean populations, from Portofino Promontory (Ligurian Sea), Cape of Creus (Catalan Sea) and Chafarinas Archipelago (Alboran Sea) proved that there were no significant differences in body measurements, whilst the observed differences in dorsal cirri length pattern could be consider intra-specific. Our behavioural observations confirmthat the species had (i) a kleptoparasitic behaviour, (ii) did not cause injuries to the host and (iii) did not induce the host to generate any malformation. ; Open access funding provided by Università Politecnica delle Marche within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. This research has been performed within the frame of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, as part of the project MERCES: Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Changing European Seas (grant agreement No. 689518) and is a contribution of Daniel Martin to the Consolidated Research Group on Marine Benthic Ecology of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR378) and to the Research Project PopCOmics (CTM2017-88080), funded by the 'Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades' of Spain (MICINU), the 'Agencia Española de Investigación' (AEI) and the European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER). ; Peer reviewed

Original report issued as: Zoophytes. 1846. (United States Exploring Expedition ; v. 7) ; "The author's report on zoophytes was published by the Government in the year 1846 . The edition on sale having been exhausted, the author here issues a smaller volume containing the brief descriptions of the species in the work, to accompany complete copies of the atlas."--Preface. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-166) and index. ; Haskell ; Mode of access: Internet.

A woman stung by the box jellyfish Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) at a Spanish Mediterranean beach, showed systemic manifestations over several months (pain far from the inoculation point, arthralgia, paresthesia, hyperesthesia, increase of eosinophils and IgE) in addition to the skin condition. ; This research was carried out under contract LIFE 08 NAT ES 0064 (to CB, JMG and VF) co-financed by the European Commission (www.cubomed.eu), the Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Fundación Biodiversidad and the Dirección General del Agua of the Regional Government of Valencia.

Metridium senile is a circumboreally distributed sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) native to the northern hemisphere, and has been presumed as introduced to several locations in the southern hemisphere. Although the sea anemone fauna of the Falkland Islands is not well known, to date no historical records of Metridium senile exist. In 2019, we conducted biodiversity surveys to gather information about sea anemones present in the islands. During these 2019 surveys, we detected Al senile from three locations: Stanley (eastern Falklands), the Bird Island (south-west Falklands), and in the northern Jason Islands (north-west Falklands). The species was well established at each location, with evidence for asexual reproduction occurring in the western sites. We confirmed the identification by morphology and DNA analysis. Stanley populations are distinct in color variation from the southwestern and northwestern populations, which may indicate separate introduction waves or pathways and the potential for additional, undetected locations of Al senile. ; Shackleton Scholarship Fund Darwin Initiative through UK Government Funding DPLUS071 Falkland Islands Government

This study reports on the jellyfish (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) fishery in Pakistan for the first time. Two jellyfish species: Catostylus perezi and Rhopilema hispidum, marketed with the trade names: banana and flower-jellyfish, respectively, are commercially exploited in Pakistan with the former being caught and exported in much higher relative quantities. C. perezi is fished in Balochistan, while R. hispidum is fished in Sindh province. Fishing seasons vary between February/March to July/August and 8–10 companies are regularly processing jellyfish, primarily using the oral arms, their fused-portion and scapulets, while umbrellas are typically not processed. The industry in the region has great potential because C. perezi occurs at high abundances in the northern Arabian Sea along the Balochistan coast of Pakistan. ; Fil: Gul, Shahnawaz. Jamia Millia Government; Pakistán ; Fil: Jahangir, Shahnaz. University Of Karachi; Pakistán ; Fil: Schiariti, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina