Suchergebnisse

El litoral de la Región de Murcia es un espacio geográficamente propicio para la generación de inundaciones, que en las últimas décadas ha padecido un proceso de ocupación de lechos de inundación sin una correcta planificación. A este respecto, conviene analizar el papel de la ordenación del territorio en la gestión del riesgo de inundación mediante una delimitación precisa de las zonas expuestas al peligro. En este trabajo, se implementan diferentes geoprocesos sobre la base de la cartografía catastral, para cuantificar la evolución y variabilidad anual de la exposición urbanística al peligro de inundación en el litoral de la Región de Murcia (Sureste de España) entre el año 1956 y 2014. Los datos obtenidos se han contextualizado en base al marco legislativo frente a inundaciones, con el fin de evaluar la efectividad de las medidas de mitigación existentes al respecto. Los resultados revelan un importante incremento de la exposición a las inundaciones en el área de estudio. Otro hecho destacable es que el proceso de ocupación urbanística de suelos inundables está positivamente relacionado con la coyuntura económica. Sin embargo, no hay una relación clara entre la reducción del ritmo constructivo y la implementación de medidas legislativas contra las inundaciones. ; The coast of the Region of Murcia is a geographically favorable space for the generation of floods. In recent decades, this space has undergone a process of intensive urban occupation of flood prone areas, without proper planning. In this regard, it is appropriate to analyze the role of spatial planning in the management of flood risk through a precise delimitation of the areas exposed to hazard. In this paper, different geoprocesses are implemented on the basis of the cadastral cartography, to quantify the evolution and annual variability of the urban flood hazard exposure in the coast of the Region of Murcia (Southeast of Spain) between the year 1956 and 2014 The data obtained has been contextualized based on the legislative framework against floods, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of existing mitigation measures in this regard. The results show a significant increase in exposure to flood hazard in the study area. Another highlight is that the process of urban flood prone areas occupation is positively related to the economic situation. However, there is no clear relationship between the reduction of the urban flood hazard exposure and the implementation of legislative measures against floods. ; Este trabajo está realizado gracias a los fondos de la beca postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación (Referencia IJCI-2016-29016) otorgada por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidad del Gobierno de España.

Historical cartography is an important source of geographic information for diachronic studies. The Italian geodetic datum from the second half of the 20th century are well known and used, while the reference systems used previously do not have a certain documentation also because they were developed by the military geographical institute, which at the time was a uniquely military body with the related problems of confidentiality.The reconstruction of the datum of each single historical map is a fundamental process, in order to be able to correctly compare historical information with the current ones, but it is complex because of the scarce information available on the type of datum and cartographic projection used for the production of the map.The reconstruction of the ancient morphology of an area, such as that of 1893 Forma urbis map or the pre-reclamation maps of Agro Pontino, is of fundamental importance for various studies on geomorphological changes of the territory, including, for example, the reconstruction of diverted and/or covered watercourses.Many of the Italian historical maps have been referred to the ellipsoid of Bessel with different orientations that in many cases are the same used previously or simultaneously for public purposes including, in particular, the drafting of the cadastral cartography.

One of the expected objectives in the development of this article is to reflect the state of the Coordination between the Register of Survey of Lands and the Cadastre, with a review of the most recent history (from the beginning of the XXth century), taking into account the legislation during this period and the one that exists actually. Pointing out the last legislative intends, referring to a common identification between the cadastral areas and the registrable estates: the cadastral reference; and the imminent implantation of the cadastral cartography in the Register of Survey of Lands with the project GEOBASE. ; [es] Uno de los objetivos buscados en el desarrollo de este artículo, es reflejar el estado de la Coordinación entre el Registro de la Propiedad y el Catastro a través de un breve repaso por la historia más reciente (a partir de principios del siglo XX) con la exposición de la legislación durante ese periodo y la legislación que actualmente rige. Destacando los últimos intentos legislativos, referentes a un identificador común entre las parcelas catastrales y las fincas regístrales: la referencia catastral; y la inminente implantación de la cartografía catastral en los Registros de la Propiedad mediante el Proyecto GEOBASE. [fr] Un des objectifs cherchés avec le développement de cet article est refléter l'état de la coordination entre l'Enregistrement de la Propriété et le Cadastre, en révisant l'histoire plus récent (à partir du début du siècle XX), avec l'exposition de la législation pendant ce période là et la législation actuelle. En remancant les dernières tentatives législatives, en accord à un indicateur commun qui existe entre les terrains cadastraux et les états enregistrables: la référence cadastrale; et l'imminent implantation de la cartographie cadastrale aux Enregistrements de la Propriété avec le projet GEOBASE.

Gli itinerari dipinti antichi (itineraria picta) sono carte topologiche, che forniscono informazioni soprattutto sui percorsi e sui punti di riferimento utili al viaggiatore: la registrazione dei confini è solo occasionale e non accurata. Nelle carte geografiche dell'ecumene o di regioni estese, i confini vengono delineati secondo due criteri fondamentali: l'omogeneità etnica del territorio e i suoi confini naturali (fiumi, linee di costa, montagne, ecc.). Il processo di astrazione di questo metodo può talvolta entrare in contraddizione con la realtà geografica. A livello delle singole città-stato manca una cartografia apposita: il territorio della polis è uno spazio vissuto dai suoi cittadini, che hanno con esso un rapporto diretto, non mediato da strumenti cartografici. Ci sono testimonianze e indizi, invece, di una cartografia catastale, che registra i confini degli appezzamenti di terreno e li rappresenta in quadri d'insieme. Con l'Impero romano la cartografia – sia a piccola scala per l'ecumene, sia a grande scala per singole colonie romane – viene usata in modo capillare ed acquista valore di documento, senza tuttavia perdere la complementarità necessaria con la documentazione scritta. Le carte diventano uno strumento del governo centrale per conoscere l'estensione e i confini (patrimoniali, amministrativi, politici, geografici) di vasti territori. ; Ancient illustrated itineraries (itineraria picta) are topological maps, which provide mainly information on routes and useful landmarks for travellers: the record of boundaries is only occasional and imprecise. In geographical maps of the inhabited world or of wide regions, the boundaries are delineated following two main criteria: ethnic homogeneity und natural boundaries (rivers, coastlines, mountains, etc.). The abstraction process of this method can sometimes lead to contradictions with the geographical data of reality. At the level of each city-state (polis) there is no evidence for a specially provided cartography: the territory surrounding a polis is a space lived by its citizens, who entertain with it a direct relation, that is without cartographical media. However, there exist some documents and clues for cadastral cartography, which outlines the boundaries of ground-plots and gathers them in overall maps of the agrarian territory. At the outset of the Roman Empire, cartography – both the one at small scale for the whole world and the one at big scale for individual Roman colonies – gets diffusely used and gains documentary value, yet not losing its necessary link with written documentation. Maps become an instrument of the central government to know the size and the boundaries (of property, administrative, political or geographical sort) of vast territories.

Historical cartography is an important source of geographic information for diachronic studies. The Italian geodetic datum from the second half of the 20th century are well known and used, while the reference systems used previously do not have a certain documentation also because they were developed by the military geographical institute, which at the time was a uniquely military body with the related problems of confidentiality. The reconstruction of the datum of each single historical map is a fundamental process, in order to be able to correctly compare historical information with the current ones, but it is complex because of the scarce information available on the type of datum and cartographic projection used for the production of the map. The reconstruction of the ancient morphology of an area, such as that of 1893 Forma urbis map or the pre-reclamation maps of Agro Pontino, is of fundamental importance for various studies on geomorphological changes of the territory, including, for example, the reconstruction of diverted and/or covered watercourses. Many of the Italian historical maps have been referred to the ellipsoid of Bessel with different orientations that in many cases are the same used previously or simultaneously for public purposes including, in particular, the drafting of the cadastral cartography.

Historical cartography is an important source of geographic information for diachronic studies. The Italian geodetic datum from the second half of the 20th century are well known and used, while the reference systems used previously do not have a certain documentation also because they were developed by the military geographical institute, which at the time was a uniquely military body with the related problems of confidentiality. The reconstruction of the datum of each single historical map is a fundamental process, in order to be able to correctly compare historical information with the current ones, but it is complex because of the scarce information available on the type of datum and cartographic projection used for the production of the map. The reconstruction of the ancient morphology of an area, such as that of 1893 Forma urbis map or the pre-reclamation maps of Agro Pontino, is of fundamental importance for various studies on geomorphological changes of the territory, including, for example, the reconstruction of diverted and/or covered watercourses. Many of the Italian historical maps have been referred to the ellipsoid of Bessel with different orientations that in many cases are the same used previously or simultaneously for public purposes including, in particular, the drafting of the cadastral cartography.

In this work a Geographic Information System was realised at the service of municipal administration of Palermo, to integrate, manage and store city plan information regarding the urban district Castellammare whereof detailed executive plan of inner city, correlating basic cartography, current urban instrument, cadastral cartography, current restriction schemes, monumental and historical monuments, street numbers and street network. Quantum GIS vers. 1.8 of Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) community was exclusively utilized to the fulfilment of GIS. To the experimentation and the fulfilment of WebGIS a free server was used in cloud on the Amazon, where a virtual machine, based on MapServer was implemented; the server is reachable online at: http://webppe.it The carried out work allows to achieve relevant goals, for example to fulfil legislative duties about the change of territorial data between different authorities and institutions, to improve the efficacy and efficiency of work carried out inside public administration, to make available to specialists and administrators an instrument, that allows not only the data consultation in every moment through a widespread technology, but also their processing on informative shared set, and finally to reach a large range of users, who don't have specialized knowledge, sharing different data from different sources but with the same aim: the simplification of technical-administrative activity.

Quality control (QC) of geospatial data is relevant to urban territorial management to ensure accurate data for government to make strategic decisions when planning cities. The acquisition and control of geospatial data in the Brazilian government must follow INDE - National Data Spatial Infrastructure - through the Technical Specifications. The cadastral cartography from urban areas in Brasilia was updated and divided into 10 areas. Acquired data includes classes, features, attributes and metadata on 1:1,000 scale. High resolution images and LIDAR data were used to assist the QC process. The first step of the QC was to check positional accuracy. Samples were applied for each class in the mapping block with 4% rate on the feature random selection and all features class had the same level of confidence. Then, three stages were automatically verified: logical consistency, commision and attribute thematic accuracy evaluations. The process also includes the visual interpretation for omission and classification, which involves a certain subjectivity. Everything was executed with QGIS, FME, Erdas Imagine, Postgresql, PostGIS and a plugin specifically developed for that, the DSGTools. The results show that in general, the quantity of errors were low. However, many errors were detected in the elements completeness and thematic accuracy, specially in áreas 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9. In the opposite, the logical consistency and positional accuracy presented the lowest quantity of errors, which does not diminish the relevance of these errors, since it compromises the usability of the data.

Lo scritto si basa sul lungo lavoro di individuazione, schedatura e riproduzione di mappe e piante conservate negli archivi e nelle biblioteche della Toscana, di Praga e di altre città, svolto per la pubblicazione del sito web www.imagotusciae.it. Sono qui studiate – con articolazione nei due paragrafi Le piante pre-catastali e Le piante post-catastali – le più significative e originali piante manoscritte di Firenze prodotte dal potere granducale lorenese dalla metà del XVIII secolo fino agli anni '60 del XIX secolo, quelli durante i quali la città fu capitale provvisoria del Regno d'Italia; un corpo ragguardevole approntato quasi sempre per funzioni di governo della città; solo in via di eccezione, alcune piante vennero pubblicate per finalità politico- culturali e celebrative. ; The paper is based on the long work of identifying, cataloging and reproducing maps preserved in the archives and libraries of Tuscany, Prague and other cities, carried out for the website www.imagotusciae. it. The study shows – with a breakdown in the two paragraphs The pre-cadastral maps and The post-cadastal maps – the most significant and original hand-written maps of Florence produced by the Lorraine grand-ducal government from XVIII century until the end of the 60s of XIX century: the period when Florence was the capital of the Italian Kingdom. These maps constitute a remarkable corpus almost always prepared for government functions of the city; only exceptionally, some maps were published for political-cultural and celebratory purposes.

[spa] A partir del siglo XIX existen en Burgos una serie de levantamientos cartográficos urbanos, derivados tanto de la demanda privada como de la pública, y concretamente de la Corona. Los productos resultantes de esta actividad fueron vistas panorámicas y una serie de planos urbanos a pequeña y gran escala, bien de sólo una parte de la ciudad o de la ciudad entera. Debido a sus propias características formales y técnicas, las vistas de ciudades configuran un subsistema específico y aislado que ha legado un conjunto de imágenes urbanas de gran difusión y estabilidad formal, pero con débiles conexiones con el resto de la cartografía urbana. Las otras tradiciones cartográficas, en cambio, pudieron imbricarse y enriquecerse mutuamente, hasta confluir en un nuevo patrón de representación urbana. La hipótesis central de esta tesis doctoral "Historia de la cartografía urbana de Burgos: siglos XIX y XX" es que la planimetría urbana desde finales del siglo XIX en Burgos y caracterizada por la alta precisión, la gran escala y la representación minuciosa del parcelario, la nivelación y las alineaciones, nace de la confluencia de tres modelos cartográficos concretos: la topografía militar urbana, la planimetría catastral y la cartografía urbanística. A día de hoy se han localizado 69 mapas elaborados por diferentes instituciones, que se pueden agrupar en tres bloques temáticos: los militares (1808-1898), los urbanísticos (1894-1956) y los catastrales (1908-1920). El bloque más numeroso es el de la cartografía militar, con un total de 53 mapas. A continuación, viene el bloque de la cartografía urbanística con 16 y de la cartografía catastral no hemos podido rescatar más que los aledaños al mapa realizado por el Instituto Geográfico Nacional en 1912, y que son únicamente las hojas de trabajo de campo. Se espera que la tesis "Historia de la cartografía urbana de Burgos. Siglos XIX y XX" actúe como pionera en el campo del análisis cartográfico urbano desde los puntos de vista geográficos e históricos en Castilla y león y genere el nacimiento de redes científico-sociales de diversa índole que contribuyan al conocimiento de nuestros recursos culturales y patrimoniales, eminentemente de naturaleza cartográfica, al facilitar el acceso a esta información de una forma cualificada e innovadora. ; [eng] From the 19th century, there are a series of urban cartographic surveys in Burgos, derived from both private and public demand, and specifically from the Crown. The products resulting from this activity were panoramic views and a series of small and large-scale urban plans, only of part of the city as well as the whole city. Due to their own formal and technical characteristics, city views form a specific and isolated subsystem that has left us with a set of urban images of great diffusion and formal stability, but with weak connections with the rest of the urban cartography. The other cartographic traditions, on the other hand, were able to overlap and enrich each other, until they came together in a new pattern of urban representation. The central hypothesis of this doctoral thesis "History of urban cartography of Burgos: 19th and 20th centuries" is that urban planimetry since the end of the 19th century in Burgos and characterized by high precision, large scale and detailed representation of the plot, leveling and alignments, is born from the confluence of three specific cartographic models: urban military topography, cadastral planimetry and urban mapping. 69 maps prepared by different institutions have been located, which can be grouped into three thematic blocks: the military (1808-1898), the urban (1894- 1956) and the cadastral (1908-1920). The most numerous block is that of military cartography, with a total of 53 maps. Next, comes the block of urban cartography with 16 and cadastral cartography we have not been able to rescue more than those surrounding the map made by the National Geographic Institute in 1912, which are only the field worksheets. It is expected that the doctoral thesis "History of urban cartography of Burgos: 19th and 20th centuries" acts as a pioneer in the field of urban cartographic analysis from cartographic and geographical and historical points of view in Castille and León and generates the birth of scientific and social networks in different ways that contribute to the knowledge of our cultural and heritage resources, eminently of cartographic nature, by facilitating the access to this information in a qualified and innovative way.

There has been recent growing interest in the role of expert knowledge around land politics. One area that has often been overlooked is how land-related expert knowledge has fostered the transformation of the regime of land control, access and ownership. This paper aims to capture the distinctiveness of contemporary mapping politics in relation to the commodification of land by corporate and state actors. I analyse how remote mapping practices influence the transformation of land regimes. The main research question is how and to what extent land surveyors and their cadastral mapping practices facilitate and legitimate market-led land commodification, and at the same time contribute to de jure and de facto peasant land alienation. ; In jüngster Zeit rückte die Bedeutung von Expert_innenwissen für Landpolitik vermehrt ins Blickfeld der akademischen Debatte. Bislang wird hierbei jedoch die Rolle von Expert_innenwissen bei der Transformation von Kontrolle über, Zugang zu und Besitz von Land oftmals übersehen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist daher, die Besonderheiten und die Bedeutung gegenwärtiger Kartographierung von Land hinsichtlich dessen Kommodifizierung durch Unternehmen und staatliche Akteur_innen herauszuarbeiten. Ich analysiere, wie remote mapping practices die Transformation von Landregimen beeinflussen. Die zentrale Forschungsfrage lautet wie und inwieweit Landvermesser_innen und deren Kartierungspraktiken für die Katasterämter die Kommodifizierung von Land erleichtern und legitimieren und gleichzeitig de jure und de facto zur Veräußerung von Land von Kleinbäuerinnen und Kleinbauern beitragen.

[EN] The abandonment of agricultural plots entails a low economic productivity of the land and a higher vulnerability to wildfires and degradation of affected areas. In this sense, the local government of Galicia is promoting new methodologies based on high-resolution images in order to classify the territory in basic and generic land uses. This procedure will be used to control the sustainable management of plots belonging to the Land Bank. This paper presents an application study for maintaining and updating land use/land cover geospatial databases using parcel-oriented classification. The test is performed over two geographic areas of Galicia, in the northwest of Spain. In this region, forest and shrublands in mountain environments are very heterogeneous with many private unproductive plots, some of which are in a high state of abandonment. The dataset is made of high spatial resolution multispectral imagery, cadastral cartography employed to define the image objects (plots), and field samples used to define evaluation and training samples. A set of descriptive features is computed quantifying different properties of the objects, i.e. spectral, texture, structural, and geometrical. Additionally, the effect on the classification and updating processes of the historical land use as a descriptive feature is tested. Three different classification methodologies are analyzed: linear discriminant analysis, decision trees, and support vector machine. The overall accuracies of the classifications obtained are always above 90 % and support vector machine method is proved to provide the best performance. Forest and shrublands areas are especially undefined, so the discrimination between these two classes is low. The results enable to conclude that the use of automatic parcel-oriented classification techniques for updating tasks of land use/land cover geospatial databases, is effective in the areas tested, particularly when broad and well defined classes are required. ; The authors appreciate the collaboration and ...

AbstractUrban history and urban cartography are closely linked. The analysis of spatial relationships through cartography enables a deeper and more sophisticated understanding of studied phenomena, and thus can be a valuable support to urban historians. In this context, the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century cadastres represent a fertile ground for experimentation in the quantitative analysis of urban space. The explicit relationships between the descriptive data of the cadastral registers and cadastral maps facilitate the computerization of this historical source and the construction of the spatial database. This article illustrates the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and geostatistical methods applied to urban historical studies, focusing on the analysis of socio-economic information retrieved from the Pio-Gregorian cadastre of Rome, from 1818 to 1824.

Дан анализ действующей нормативно-правовой базы по предоставлению государственных и муниципальных услуг в области государственного кадастра недвижимости. Проведен мониторинг осуществления Федеральной службой государственной регистрации, кадастра и картографии мероприятий, направленных на осуществление межведомственного и межуровневого взаимодействия по обмену информационными ресурсами, ведения электронного документооборота между органами, выполняющими кадастровый учет, и кадастровыми инженерами. ; The article gives analysis of legal regulative basis on assignment of governmental and municipal services of real estate cadastre. Monitoring of realization the Federal service of governmental registration, cadastre and cartography of measures, directed for conducting interdepartmental and interlevel relationship on information resources changes, electronic flow of documents between cadastral register agencies, and cadastral engineers are carried out.

In jüngster Zeit rückte die Bedeutung von Expert_innenwissen für Landpolitik vermehrt ins Blickfeld der akademischen Debatte. Bislang wird hierbei jedoch die Rolle von Expert_innenwissen bei der Transformation von Kontrolle über, Zugang zu und Besitz von Land oftmals übersehen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist daher, die Besonderheiten und die Bedeutung gegenwärtiger Kartographierung von Land hinsichtlich dessen Kommodifizierung durch Unternehmen und staatliche Akteur_innen herauszuarbeiten. Ich analysiere, wie remote mapping practices die Transformation von Landregimen beeinflussen. Die zentrale Forschungsfrage lautet wie und inwieweit Landvermesser_innen und deren Kartierungspraktiken für die Katasterämter die Kommodifizierung von Land erleichtern und legitimieren und gleichzeitig de jure und de facto zur Veräußerung von Land von Kleinbäuerinnen und Kleinbauern beitragen. ; There has been recent growing interest in the role of expert knowledge around land politics. One area that has often been overlooked is how land-related expert knowledge has fostered the transformation of the regime of land control, access and ownership. This paper aims to capture the distinctiveness of contemporary mapping politics in relation to the commodification of land by corporate and state actors. I analyse how remote mapping practices influence the transformation of land regimes. The main research question is how and to what extent land surveyors and their cadastral mapping practices facilitate and legitimate market-led land commodification, and at the same time contribute to de jure and de facto peasant land alienation.