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Shipping list no.: 2006-0178-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

In 2001-2002, the EU Phare Business Support Programme funded an inter-country project dealing with strengthening of cattle breeders associations as business representative organisations in eight then EU candidate countries: Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. Breeders associations from Austria, Germany and Italy also participated in the project, while the European Association for Animal Production acted as the project leader. The project also known under its acronym as BABROC aimed at facilitating the integration of the cattle industries in the Central and Eastern European countries in the EU system and at improving quality of services provided by breeders associations to their members. The present publication contains invited papers for the international workshop on the image of cattle industry and its products, held in Verona, Italy 8 March 2002. Technical papers as well as statements made by Messrs. J. Fischler, EU Commissary, and G. Alemanno, Italian Minister of Agriculture, deal with expectations of consumers regarding the safety and quality of cattle products as the basic message for all involved in the cattle industry

It is argued that a new eighteenth-century style of rationalizing animal husbandry was followed by the important expansion of pet breeding after the mid-nineteenth century, & was backed up simultaneously by the rise of veterinary science. Together, such activities formed a joint code of moral & social attitudes surrounding animal breeding, which became a key transmitter of racist "scientific" doctrine throughout Europe at the turn of the century. The peculiar vision of animal breeders & fanciers became a synthesis of stubborn folk belief & new scientific advances, exemplified by the survival of the notion of telegony, or the confusions surrounding the concept of "germs." This combination -- in particular represented by the pedigree dog "of pure race," but also by the general interest in "breeds" or "strains" of horses, cattle, sheep, poultry, & even hogs -- created a visual vocabulary & a living representation of race theory that was equally powerful on peasant farms or in urban settings. Types of animals were not just taxonomic but also moral (prized for loyalty, stamina, strength, etc), &, by extension, even national, as certain breeds tended to be increasingly identified by territorial names. It is proposed tht such a vision can help explain many aspects of Nazi doctrine & even practice, especially as regards the diffusion of non-religiously derived racist concepts. Modified AA

Abstract In agriculture, mechanization and robotization are two terms that are generally associated with processes characteristic of a "Green Revolution": industrialization, cost reduction and "rationalization", increased output and modernization. In this article, I reflect on the relations implied in this evolutionary-style narrative through an ethnography of cattle breeders and dairy cows in Haute-Savoie, France. I will show that the technical transformation engendered by the implementation of a milking robot is, first and foremost, a reconfiguration of the relationships between humans and cows. I will analyse the effects of the milking robot for both humans and cows through the notion of 'technical objects' and their associated environment, which configure a transformation in the technical system linked to the process of domestication. I show that modifications in the rhythm, gestures and interactions with the animals also redefine how cows are made to produce milk, and that, furthermore, this does not necessarily constitute a virtualization, an objectification or distancing in relation to the animals. In brief, it lacks many of the defining features of 'industrialization'.

Animal fibres from South American camelids and other fibre or wool bearing species provide important products for use by the human population. The contemporary context includes the competition with petrocarbon-based artificial fibres and concern about excessive persistence of these in the natural environment. Animal fibres present highly valuable characteristics for sustainable production and processing as they are both natural and renewable. On the other hand, their use is recognised to depend on availability of appropriate quality and quantity, the production of which is underpinned by a range of sciences and processes which support development to meet market requirements. This collection of papers combines international experience from South and North America, China and Europe. The focus lies on domestic South American camelids (alpacas, llamas) and also includes research on sheep and goats. It considers latest advances in sustainable development under climate change, breeding and genetics, reproduction and pathology, nutrition, meat and fibre production and fibre metrology. Publication of this book is supported by the Animal Fibre Working Group of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). 'Advances in Fibre Production Science in South American Camelids and other Fibre Animals' addresses issues of importance to scientists and animal breeders, textile processors and manufacturers, specialised governmental policy makers and students studying veterinary, animal and applied biological sciences.

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV ; Esta tese compreende quatro diferentes estudos conduzidos a fim de avaliar estratégias alternativas para aumentar a eficiência de seleção genômica (GS) em programas de melhoramento animal. Um primeiro estudo foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de avaliar a performance preditiva de diferentes métodos estatísticos com base na informação de painéis de marcadores densamente distribuídos ao longo do genoma. Cinco diferentes características de uma população real de camundongos foram analisadas. Verificou-se que métodos com grandes diferenças conceituais apresentaram performance preditiva similar em algumas situações, também havendo variação na performance relativa dos métodos em função da característica analisada. O uso de diferentes variáveis resposta (pseudo-fenótipos) para estimação de efeitos de marcadores foi avaliado num segundo estudo, por meio da simulação de uma grande população de bovinos de corte, para a qual predições genômicas foram obtidas usando um procedimento de múltiplas etapas. Houve evidência de que provas desregredidas (dEBV) são mais apropriadas do que valores genéticos preditos (EBV) e médias ajustadas de desempenho da progênie (PYD), tanto para o treinamento de modelos quanto para a validação de predições genômicas. No terceiro estudo, procurou-se avaliar consequências em longo-prazo da aplicação de GS numa população de bovinos de corte sob seleção. Verificou-se grande benefício da aplicação de GS em cenários simulando seleção para características de qualidade de carne e reprodução de fêmeas. Houve evidência de que pode-se esperar maior benefício para GS, quando comparada à seleção por BLUP, no caso de características oligogênicas. Também foi possível inferir que em aplicações de GS, o uso de um critério de seleção em que se atribui maior peso a alelos favoráveis de menor frequência poderia proporcionar. ; Improvements in production levels and product quality are needed in livestock systems to meet the growing world demand for animal-source foods. Besides this increasing demand, the productive sector must deal with constraints related to competition for land, greenhouse gas emissions and also due to hardening legislation in the fields of environment and animal welfare (FAO, 2011). In this context, animal breeding has played and will continue to play an important role to improve the efficiency of such production systems, especially in terms of competitiveness, safety, sustainability and biodiversity conservation (Harlizius et al., 2004). The main objective of animal breeding programs is to improve the performance of the next generations, through identification and reproduction of the animals with better genetic pool to efficiently produce in a specific environment (herein, superior animals). In the last decades, animal breeders succeeded in achieving this goal, mostly through the application of statistical tools grounded in quantitative genetics theory, what could be called as 'classical animal breeding'. In this case, the traditional prediction of the genetic merit of individuals (estimated breeding values, EBV) is obtained based on information of pedigree and phenotypes (own records and measures on relatives). With the advent of dense molecular marker panels, the implementation and design of breeding programs, especially in dairy cattle, had changed dramatically as a consequence of incorporating this new information to identify superior animals earlier and more precisely. Pioneer simulation studies drew attention of animal breeders to the possibility of making accurate predictions of the genetic merit of individuals by using genotypic information from dense marker panels, a process known as genomic selection (GS) (Nejati-Javaremi et al., 1997; Meuwissen et al., 2001). Other influential work .

Power is the name of the game in Washington, D.C. Powerful voices representing every shade of opinion on nearly every subject are seeking constant attention from our lawmakers and civil servants. The Humane Society of the United States is likewise working and speaking for the millions of Americans who care about animals. HSUS is investigating federal agency animal management programs; testifying on Capitol Hill; providing expert advice to legislative committees and congressmen; taking legal action in federal courts; serving on advisory committees; and monitoring legislative, regulatory, and legal affairs having to do with animals. The voice of The Humane Society provides the necessary balance our lawmakers require as they consider programs affecting the lives of both domestic and wild animals. Hunters, trappers, ranchers, furriers, animal and food transporters, food producers, animal breeders, researchers, and others who use animals for profit, scientific investigation, or sport, seek government approval, intervention, or no control at all in the animal related activities. More often than not, the voice of the HSUS is contrary to their desires. These special interest groups are well financed and employ highly paid lobbyists to press their point. Though The HSUS does not employ lobbyists, it is a well respected, often sought-after voice in animal affairs. It is rare that legislation or regulations having to do with animals is considered without some input from The HSUS. The HSUS is listed in the congressional guide book as a source to be called upon in matters affecting wildlife; legislation having to do with zoos, circuses, and wildlife; and the transportation of animals, animal shelter operation, spay and neuter clinics, and other domestic animal problems. The HSUS is also listed in The Fish and Wildlife Service Pollution Response Plan as an expert source on oil spill disasters affecting wildlife.

Cover Page -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents Page -- Preface Page -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 How to Use This Book -- 1.2 What Is a Breed? -- 1.3 Genetic Character of Breeds -- 1.4 Why Breeds Are Important -- 1.5 Sustaining Breeds over Time -- 2 Breed Basics -- 2.1 How Breeds Form -- 2.2 Classes of Breeds -- 2.2.1 Landraces -- 2.2.2 Standardized Breeds -- 2.2.3 Modern "Type" and "Designer" Breeds -- 2.2.4 Industrial Strains -- 2.2.5 Feral Populations -- 2.2.6 Dog Breeds -- 2.2.7 Poultry Breeds -- 2.2.8 Summary -- 2.3 How Breeds Are Lost -- 3 Breeds as Gene Pools: Variability and Predictability -- 3.1 Standardized Breeds -- 3.2 Landraces -- 3.3 Subgroups within a Breed: Bloodlines, Strains, and Varieties -- 3.4 Gene Flow into and out of Breeds -- 3.4.1 Upgrading and What It Does -- 3.4.2 Upgrading and Bloodlines -- 4 Defining an Individual Breed -- 4.1 Which Animals to Include -- 4.2 One Breed or Two -- 4.3 Breed Histories -- 4.4 Geography and Source Herds -- 4.5 Recovery of Purebred Animals into Registries -- 4.5.1 Native on Appearance -- 5 Breed Standards -- 5.1 Breed Type -- 5.2 Different Sorts of Breed Standards -- 5.3 Breed Type Reproduces Breed Type -- 5.4 Developing a Breed Standard -- 5.5 Breed Standards and Genetic Diversity -- 5.6 Breed Standards and Breed Loss -- 5.7 Standard Traits That Can Be Detrimental -- 5.8 Qualitative and Quantitative Traits -- 5.9 Changes to the Breed Standard -- 6 Principles of Genetic Management -- 6.1 Linebreeding and Inbreeding -- 6.2 Outcrossing: Crossbreeding and Linecrossing -- 6.3 Defining Matings as "Related" or "Unrelated" -- 6.4 Linebreeding or Outcrossing: Which Is Best? -- 6.5 Rational Crossbreeding -- 7 Selection as a Genetic Management Tool -- 7.1 Degree of Selection -- 7.2 Selection and Breed-Specific Traits -- 7.3 Genetic Drift -- 7.4 Single Gene Traits.

The exertion to develop local community economy should start with developing local superior commodities which are considered able to bring about the expected effects on economic activities most widely, reaching second level government. It is dairy cow milk for West Java province.Considering the above condition, the government should take a set of policy which enables develop animal husbandry with the hope to encourage and motivate breeder community to participate. As the result, it is hoped that it will increase the economic prosperity level of community involved.By referring existing policies, this research attempts a study to examine whether such effects to increase the participation can be expected.The study concludes that such existing policies have not been functioning as expected to increase the participation of breeder. For this reason, it is considered important to design other scenario which induces breeder are participation.A scenario which combines community learning with woof technology is infecting, able to lever up demand and to absorb workers. The scenario is considered to the most effective. The policy can be applied by providing education to the community in filing their nutrient and health. Considering the shift in consumption pattern increasing, it is possible to be applied.The study, finally suggests investment action on leveraging participation of the breeder communities, and it can be done in the form of capital enlargement, where virtual capital can create added value or wealth of society.Keywords: policy, dynamics model, breeder participation

Since the early 2000s, the development of genomics, which enables extensive knowledge of the DNA of living entities, has transformed the way in which living entities are evaluated, selected (genomic selection of plants and animals) and marketed. Coupled with political and regulatory changes, this technology contributes to modify the national institutional arrangements in the targeted field of animal genetic improvement, practices of actors. The current liberalization process questions both the collective dimension of genetic progress and the property rights of the genetic resources. In a comparative perspective between France, Ireland and The Netherlands, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the plurality of institutional arrangements pertaining to the Holstein cattle breed's genomic selection. This thesis is situated within the recent evolutions of the neo-institutional theory focused on organizational heterogeneity and materiality of institutions. Firstly, it highlights three institutional regimes that reveal different arrangements particularly between public and private organizations. Secondly, this diversity of arrangements is completed by an analysis of contractual tools between breeding companies and animal breeders through models of production strategies and exchanges related to genetic resources (both biological and informational forms). These models emphasize a variety of property forms of genetic resources between companies and breeders and also show that actors' roles in genetic selection activities are redefined. These results provide a better understanding of the development of a liberal logic (The Netherlands) in duality with the reinforcement (Ireland) or weakening (France) of a cooperative logic for the production of improved animal genetics. ; Depuis les années 2000, le développement de la génomique, permettant une connaissance étendue de l'ADN des êtres vivants, transforme la façon dont ceux-ci sont évalués, sélectionnés (sélection génomique des plantes et animaux) et mis en marché. ...

This synthesis provides an analysis of the major transformations of the meat and dairy product sectors to understand the role of breeders. It refers to a literature review and to some case studies on transformations in the bovine and ovine meat sectors and bovine, ovine and caprine milk sectors. First, we present the main movements regarding the demand of dairy and meat-based products. Secondly, we examine the very strong reorganizations of these value chains under the influence of the markets' liberalization: concentration, contractualization. Then, the third step analyzes the place of the breeders in these transformations, in particular in the structuring of the value chains and what is their role in the segmentation of the offer to consumers. ; Les opérateurs des filières de produits carnés et laitiers se recomposent fortement, en lien avec les transformations des modes de consommation et les évolutions des politiques publiques. Ces transformations réinterrogent les possibilités d'action des éleveurs pour participer à la structuration des filières et à la segmentation de l'offre auprès du consommateur.

National audience ; This synthesis provides an analysis of the major transformations of the meat and dairy product sectors to understand the role of breeders. It refers to a literature review and to some case studies on transformations in the bovine and ovine meat sectors and bovine, ovine and caprine milk sectors. First, we present the main movements regarding the demand of dairy and meat-based products. Secondly, we examine the very strong reorganizations of these value chains under the influence of the markets' liberalization: concentration, contractualization. Then, the third step analyzes the place of the breeders in these transformations, in particular in the structuring of the value chains and what is their role in the segmentation of the offer to consumers. ; Les opérateurs des filières de produits carnés et laitiers se recomposent fortement, en lien avec les transformations des modes de consommation et les évolutions des politiques publiques. Ces transformations réinterrogent les possibilités d'action des éleveurs pour participer à la structuration des filières et à la segmentation de l'offre auprès du consommateur.

National audience ; This synthesis provides an analysis of the major transformations of the meat and dairy product sectors to understand the role of breeders. It refers to a literature review and to some case studies on transformations in the bovine and ovine meat sectors and bovine, ovine and caprine milk sectors. First, we present the main movements regarding the demand of dairy and meat-based products. Secondly, we examine the very strong reorganizations of these value chains under the influence of the markets' liberalization: concentration, contractualization. Then, the third step analyzes the place of the breeders in these transformations, in particular in the structuring of the value chains and what is their role in the segmentation of the offer to consumers. ; Les opérateurs des filières de produits carnés et laitiers se recomposent fortement, en lien avec les transformations des modes de consommation et les évolutions des politiques publiques. Ces transformations réinterrogent les possibilités d'action des éleveurs pour participer à la structuration des filières et à la segmentation de l'offre auprès du consommateur.