Suchergebnisse

This thesis abandons the traditional essentialist approach to jazz (which can be summarized in the question "What is jazz"?) That has tapped a whole section of American sociology of the last fifty years from HS Becker to RA Peterson. It proposes, based on the theories of cultural studies and media-cultures, a spatial modeling of the information dynamics of the French jazz "milieu" by triangulation of their diffusion spaces and of their reception communities (which could materialize in the question: "Where is jazz?"). The plan is organized in three parts: the current jazz market in France (part 1), the players in this market (part 2) and the public (part 3). By adopting a multivariate approach, "in skein" (Passeron, 1990) but still spatialized, based on three categories of actors (programmers, musician, public), the thesis reconstitutes the steps of the information process on the value of the award-winning and disseminated musicians on the jazz market, produced in "hybrid forums" (Callon, 1999, Lascoumes, 2001). These forums bring together musician, experts and lay people in specialized media, forums for dialogical democracy, public and private spaces dedicated to listening (springboards, academies, cultural seasons, festival seasons and punctual events). ; Cette thèse délaisse la traditionnelle approche essentialiste du jazz (que l'on peut résumer à la question « Qu'est-ce que le jazz » ?) qui a taraudé tout un pan de la sociologie américaine des cinquante dernières années de H.S. Becker à R.A Peterson pour proposer, en s'appuyant sur les théories communicationnelles et les outils des SIC, une modélisation spatiale des dynamiques informationnelles du milieu du jazz français par triangulation de leurs espaces de diffusion et de leurs communautés de réception (qui pourrait se matérialiser dans la question : « Où est le jazz ? »). En adoptant une approche multivariée "en écheveau" (Passeron, 1990) mais toujours spatialisée et basée sur l'ethnographie rapprochée, prenant appui sur trois catégories d'acteurs (programmateurs, musicien.ne.s, publics), la thèse reconstitue les étapes du processus d'information axiologique des musicien.ne.s primé.e.s et diffusé.e.s sur le marché du jazz, produites dans des « forums hybrides » (Callon, 1999, Lascoumes, 2001). Dans une première partie, cette thèse s'intéresse aux dynamiques internes qui régissent la circulation de l'information (Frère, 2003, Rebillard, 2006), dans le secteur du jazz en France, sur la valeur économique de cette information, en recensant les outils de mesure et signaux faibles (Caron, 2001) recueillis par les publics comme autant d'éléments de perception axiologique des musicien.ne.s primé.e.s. Dans une seconde partie, l'analyse comparée, en situation, des artistes et de leurs publics est étudiée en faisant appel à une enquête menée dans différents espaces publics d'écoute du jazz dans les agglomérations d'Avignon et de Lausanne (Suisse), sans se limiter aux seuls lieux institutionnalisés et repérés comme tels (Smac et salles labellisées). Enfin, dans une dernière partie, une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès des publics fréquentant ces lieux et une série d'entretiens de musicien.ne.s complètent l'observation sur les pratiques de sortie et les modalités de partage de l'information jazzistique. L'enjeu de cette thèse de sciences de l'information et de la communication est d'observer l'évolution des catégories pratiques d'évaluation utilisées par les publics pour qualifier le jazz ainsi que les interactions tant discursives que sociales que cette musique génère sur des temps longs. Si, sur le plan théorique, cette thèse prend appui sur les principaux travaux qui, en SIC, ont porté sur la dimension axiologique de la réception des musiques amplifiées (Dalbavie, 2006 ; Kaiser, 2012), sur le plan empirique, la thèse met à profit le traitement informatisé d'une base de données originale constituée en master et recensant près de 5000 récipiendaires de prix et récompenses professionnelles (leaders primés ainsi que leurs accompagnateurs ou « sidemen »), 300 instruments et familles d'instruments et une cinquantaine de lieux de diffusion. Cette thèse permet ainsi de mettre en évidence, sur quinze ans, une évolution des dispositifs informationnels du jazz en France et la naissance de formes de médiations plurielles (Gellereau, 2003) portant sur ce genre musical.

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan "Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun" ile 18.06.2018 tarihli "Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge" gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır. ; 1960'ların başından itibaren, günümüz toplumlarında önemli bir yer edinmiş olan adalet restorasyonuna alternatif bir mekanizma olan ombudsman kurumuna kademeli ilgi anlayışı vardı. Türkiye'de ombudsmanı kurumsallaştırmaya yönelik girişimler 1970'lere kadar geri gitmektedir, ancak onun yasallaştırılma süreci iç ve dış faktörlerin bir parçası olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. İç faktörler, ülkenin modernizasyon planının bir parçası olarak geniş çapta başlattığı yasal değişiklik ve idari reformları içerirken, dış faktör Avrupa Birliği (AB) uyum süreci doğrultursunda geldi. Kurumsal düzenlemelerin bir parçası olarak Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu (KDK) "anayasal statü" elde etti. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'de ombudsmanın gelişimini incelemektir. Ombudsman kurumunun tarihi köklerini incelemek için nitel bir metodoloji benimsendi. Bu çalışma dört bölüme ayrılmıştır, benimsenen temel kavramlara bakış, teorik yaklaşım, ombudsmanın farklı mevcut modellerini ve gelişimini tartışmıştır. Ayrıca, AB ombudsmanının bir ulus üstü ombudsman modeli ve KDK'nın ise kurumsal bir klasik model olduğu tartışıldı. Araştırma aynı zamanda, ombudsmanı geleneksel ve modern modellerinde inceleyerek süreklilik ve değişim yönüne de baktı; Divan-ı Mezalim'in (Şikayet Mahkemesi) eski ve güncel biçimleri arasında analitik bir çalışma gerçekleştirdi. Her ne kadar Oryantalistlerin tartışmaları, ombudsmanı erken İskandinav deneyimine bağlasa da, bu araştırma, mağduriyet çözüm sisteminin, İslami yönetimin geniş kapsamlı bir kurumu olduğu ve ombudsman'ın kökenlerinin, Divan-ı Mezalim ve Osmanlı'nın Baş Yargı modelinden çıkan "eski bir kavram" olduğunu buldu. Araştırma, hukuki gelenekler, yönetişim rejimi, ekonomik kalkınma, sosyal yapı vb. gibi kurumsal nitelikleri etkileyen birçok faktörün var olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Bu nedenle, ombudsmanın işlevsel modeli, Türkiye'nin kritik ulusal altyapısını ve farklı koşullarını, iç ve dış dinamiklerini de kapsayacak şekilde dikkate almalıdır. ; From the beginning of the 1960s, there was a gradual understanding of the relevance of the ombudsman institution as an alternative mechanism to justice restoration that has taken a significant place in present-day societies. Attempts to institutionalize the ombudsman in Turkey go back to the 1970s, however, the process for its legalization came as part of internal and external factors. The internal factors include the legislative amendment and administrative reforms that the country has launched extensively as part of the modernization plan, while the external factor came in line with the European Union (EU) harmonization process. As part of the institutional amendments, Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu (KDK) acquired a 'constitutional status'. The main aim of this research is to study the development of the ombudsman in modern Turkey. This research tries to answer the following question: How can we view the recent institutionalization of the ombudsman in modern Turkey: is it an adoption of the EU norms and practices for the mere sake of bureaucratic rapprochement, or an attempt to draw on Ottoman legacy being a pioneer of ombudsman, or a synthesis of both? A qualitative methodology was adopted to study the historical roots of the ombudsman institution. This study, divided into four chapters, looked into the main concepts adopted, discussed the theoretical approach, the different existing models of the ombudsman, and their development. It also discussed the EU ombudsman being one model of supranational ombudsman, and the KDK as an institutional classical model. The research also looked into the aspect of continuity and change by studying the ombudsman in its traditional and modern models; an analytical study of Diwan Al-Mazalem (Grievances Court) in its ancient and current forms was carried out. This research found that although the Orientalists' discussions associate the ombudsman to the early Scandinavian experience, grievances resolution system has been a far-reaching institution of the Islamic administration, and that the roots of the ombudsman is an 'ancient notion' that originated from Diwan Al-Mazalem and the Ottoman's Chief Justice model. The research argued that there are many factors affecting institutional attributes such as legal traditions, governance regime, economic development, social structure, etc. Hence, the functional model of the ombudsman should take into account the critical national infrastructure and distinct conditions of Turkey, internal and external dynamics as well.

This research study involved the communities that are part of the Tukuy Cañaris Ayllukunapak Tantanakuy Tucayta Organization. This organization aims at preserving the political unity in the communities under its influency, its language, culture, identity, ethnoagricultural, ethnomedicinal knowledge, the intercultural bilingual education, the irrigation management as well as the knowledge that is still alive in its oral form. The epistemology of the cañari cosmovision derives from the dialogue on integrating cosmological and pachasophic knowledge as well as from the harmonic life style resulting from the dialogue among all living beings in nature and from the rituals, time, and Andean and Catholic festivities. The chakanas of the calendar based on agricultural, ceremonial and medicinal festivities constitute the theoretical and practical base of the cañari pachasophic philosophy. The rituals constitute the creed of the connection with the Apus and Ayas, providers of the Sumak Kawsay. The Yachakkuna, the housewives, the midwives and others own the knowledge of traditional medicine, ethnobotany, taxonomy of plants, rituals, and intervention of beings with supernatural powers influencing on the treatment of illnesses. It is important to highlight the critic epidemiology proposed by Breilh, the paradigm that explains how health is socially determined. This search for macro convergences may promote the integration of this wisdom to conventional knowledge. The historical changes in the agrarian matrix are analyzed starting from the times of large farms up to the present. The history of the Tucayta constitutes an important benchmark of leadership and work towards the minimization of what is left of the colonial time in all possible fields. The research methods applied in this study were a variety of ethnographic techniques, especially participatory action research, case studies through the use of statistical charts, and bibliography that supports this research and elevates it to the objective and scientific field. ; Esta tesis se desarrolló en las comunidades de base de la Organización Tukuy Cañaris Ayllukunapak Tantanakuy Tucayta. Organización centrada en mantener la unidad política de su área de influencia, la lengua, cultura e identidad, los saberes etnoagrícolas y etnomedicinales de la educación intercultural bilingüe, del manejo técnico del riego y el rescate de los saberes que perviven en la oralidad. La epistemología de la cosmovisión cañari se desprende del diálogo de saberes cosmovisivos y pachasóficos e integradores y de la vivencia armónica bajo el diálogo con todos los seres de la naturaleza. La ritualidad, el tiempo y las fiestas andinas y católicas determinan una epistemología integradora importante. Las chakanas del calendario agrofestivo, ceremonial y medicinal constituyen la base teórico-práctica de la filosofía pachasófica cañari. Los rituales constituyen el credo de conexión con los Apus y Ayas; propiciadores del Sumak Kawsay. Los saberes de la medicina tradicional, etnobotánica; la taxonomía de las plantas, la ritualidad y la intervención de los seres con poderes sobrenaturales que inciden en el tratamiento de las enfermedades; es una sabiduría que profesan los yachakkuna y las madres de familia, las comadronas y otros personajes. Es importante resaltar la epidemiología crítica propuesta por Breilh (2004) y el paradigma de la determinación social de la salud, propuestas que buscan convergencias macro en aras de integrar esta sabiduría a la convencional. Se resalta también el impacto de la revolución verde. Se ha evidenciado científicamente la existencia de residuos de agrotóxicos en el agua de consumo y en los tubérculos. La revisión histórica de los cambios en la matriz agraria se ha analizado desde la época de hacienda hasta la actualidad; y se determinaron cambios de manera especial en el patrimonio genético de las semillas nativas. La historia de la Tucayta constituye un referente de liderazgo y de fomento a la minimización de lo colonial en todos los campos. Los métodos de investigación aplicados fueron una diversidad de técnicas etnográficas, resaltando la investigación de acción participativa, los análisis de casos a través cuadros estadísticos, y el respaldo bibliográfico que han permitido elevar esta investigación a un plano objetivo y científico.

Political practice shows that there (within the framework of a republican form of government) are parliamentary systems of government, which formally and/or actually differ from traditional or typical parliamentary systems of government. At the same time, extremely different factors of political process and inter-institutional relations, which are the conditions for defining different types of systems of government, can be indicators for distinguishing typical and atypical parliamentary systems of government. In this cut, the purpose of the article is to determine the factors and consequences of 1992 electoral reform and to find out whether the peculiarities of the institution of direct elections of prime minister can predetermine the atypicality of parliamentary system of government in the State of Israel in 1996–2003. This purpose was solved in the situation when new institutionalism and its types/paradigms were chosen as a theoretical and methodological basis of the research.The author analyzed the peculiarities of 1992 electoral reform and found out that the main factors that had determined its necessity were the following prerequisites: the choice and composition of government were practically out of the attention of voters; popular disaffection with established parties started its rising and the overall perception of democracy started its tarnishing; new and splinter parties were encouraged to be formed thereby constantly increasing fragmentation and polarization of party system; small parties had disproportionate political power; multiparty governments made the process of decisionmaking more difficult (in particular, with veto power granted to most parties in the coalition on a variety of issues); government crises became more and more frequent immobilizing cabinets for long periods of time.The researcher also determined the consequences of 1992 electoral reform. According to Rae's fractionalization index and the results of 1996 and 1999 elections, the fractionalization of party system increased. That is why a party or bloc that nominated a candidate for a prime minister received much lower support than a candidate himself. This meant that a significant part of electorate shared its choice on parliamentary elections and direct elections of prime minister, voting for a candidate for a prime minister from one party and given votes to Knesset for another party. Therefore, it is proved that the features of the institution of direct elections of prime minister predetermined the atypicality of parliamentary system of government in the State of Israel in 1996–2003. ; У рамках республіканської форми державного правління функціонують/функціонували такі парламентські системи державного правління, які формально і/чи фактично відрізняються/відрізнялися від традиційних/типових парламентських. При цьому, індикаторами розрізнення типових й атипових парламентських систем державного правління можуть бути вкрай варіативні чинники політичного процесу та міжінституційних відносин. У цьому зрізі метою статті є визначити чинники і наслідки виборчої реформи 1992 р., а також те, чи особливості інституту прямих виборів прем'єр-міністра зумовлювали атиповість парламентської системи правління в Державі Ізраїль у 1996–2003 рр. Теоретико-методологічною основою запропонованого дослідження обрано неоінституціоналізм і його варіативні типи й парадигми.Проаналізовано особливості виборчої реформи 1992 р. Основними чинниками, які зумовили необхідність проведення виборчої реформи 1992 р., виділено такі: формування і склад уряду фактично перебував поза впливом виборців; народне невдоволення діяльністю великих партій; фрагментація та поляризація партійної системи; диспропорційна політична влада малих партій; зростання «потенціалу шантажу» з боку малих партій; багатопартійні уряди ускладнили процес прийняття рішень; часто виникали урядові кризи.Визначено наслідки виборчої реформи 1992 р. Згідно з показниками індексу фракціоналізації партійних систем Рея, за результатами виборів 1996, 1999 рр. фракціоналізація партійної системи зросла. Партія чи блок, що висували кандидата на посаду прем'єр-міністра отримували значно нижчу підтримку, ніж сам кандидат. Це означало, що значна частина електорату розділяла свій вибір на прямих виборах прем'єр-міністра і на парламентських виборах, голосуючи за кандидата на посаду прем'єр-міністра від однієї партії, а на виборах до Кнесету – за іншу партію.Доведено, що особливості інституту прямих виборів прем'єр-міністра зумовлювали атиповість парламентської системи правління в Державі Ізраїль у 1996–2003 рр.

While the EU officials touted multilateralism under the WTO's patronage as the silver bullet towards trade liberalization 20 years ago, the 2006 Communication "Global Europe – Competing in the world" ushered in a shift in trade policy. It notably acknowledges that preferential trade agreements (PTAs) enable to go further and faster in promoting openness and deep integration. This sudden turnaround was ultimately consolidated through the 2015 release of the "Trade for all" whose primary motives were to adjust for the rise of global value chains and to respond to the fierce criticism on the Commission's non-transparent handling of commercial policy. By addressing WTO-X and WTO+ policy provisions in tandem with traditional tariff removal, Europe's PTAs aim at delivering reciprocal and effective opening guided by a high level of ambition. A paramount objective in this context is evidently improved access to vast international markets and fast growing regions in order to bolster the competitiveness of European enterprises, exemplified by landmark undertakings with North-American allies and initiatives in the burgeoning Asia-Pacific region. Also when consolidation bonds with Africa, Turkey, Russia as well as Latin America and the Caribbean, it transpires that the Commission takes – besides this orientation on primarily economic criteria – its partners' readiness and broader political conditions into account as well. Facing the prospect of an impending failure of the Doha Round, it appears that Brussels endeavors to prophylactically install its own safety netof PTAs, gearing up for a potential collapse of the multilateral trading system altogether. The article ultimately shows that the EU's shift in trade policy denoted an essential stepping stone toward launching the negotiations on a bilateral trade and investment agreement between Washington and Brussels, which would signify the centerpiece of the EU's 21st century network of preferential trade agreements. ; Mientras que los funcionarios de la UE promocionaron, con apoyo de la OMT, al multilateralismo como el santo remedio para lograr la liberalización del comercio hasta hace veinte años, el comunicado "Europa global: compitiendo en el mundo" de 2006 dio lugar a un cambio en la política comercial. El comunicado reconoce especialmente que los acuerdos de comercio preferenciales (ACP) permiten avanzar más y con mayor rapidez hacia la apertura y la integración profunda. Este cambio radical y repentino terminó de consolidarse durante el lanzamiento de "Comercio para todos", cuyos objetivos principales eran adaptarse al aumento de las cadenas de valor mundiales y responder a las críticas feroces acerca de la falta de transparencia de la Comisión en el manejo de la política comercial. Al abordar las cláusulas de las políticas OMT-X y OMT+ en conjunto con la tradicional eliminación de tarifas, los ACP de Europa se proponen lograr una apertura recíproca y efectiva motivada por altos niveles de ambición. En este contexto, un objetivo crucial es mejorar el acceso a grandes mercados internacionales y a regiones de rápido crecimiento con el fin de potenciar la competitividad de las empresas europeas. Los emprendimientos con aliados norteamericanos y con iniciativas en la pujante región Asia-Pacífico son ejemplos de este objetivo. Además del fortalecimiento de los vínculos con África, Turquía, Rusia, América Latina y el Caribe, se puede observar que la Comisión (orientada principalmente por criterios económicos) también tiene en cuenta la disposición y las condiciones políticas generales de sus socios. Frente a la posibilidad de fracaso inminente de la Ronda de Doha, Bruselas intenta instalar, como medida preventiva, su propia red segura de ACP, preparándose para el colapso potencial del sistema comercial multilateral en general. Por último, este trabajo demuestra que el cambio en la política comercial de la UE significa un paso fundamental hacia el lanzamiento de las negociaciones para un acuerdo de comercio e inversión bilateral entre Washington y Bruselas, lo cual sería el plato fuerte de la red de acuerdos de comercio preferenciales de la UE del siglo XXI.

Background: By the turn of the new millennium 84% of families in rural coastal Ecuador had difficulties to access health services. A health reform some years earlier to improve this situation had not been implemented. In 2001, the non-governmental organization (NGO) Foundation Human Nature together with a rural population established a primary health care center in North-Western Ecuador. A public private partnership with the Ministry of Public Health was formed. Services depended on out-of-pocket payments, restricting the poor's access to care. In order to increase access to primary and emergency care, Foundation Human Nature planned to establish a community-based health insurance. In the meantime, a major health reform was initiated by a new government in 2008. It aimed at universal health coverage, providing qualitative services for all based on primary health care, while ensuring protection from financial hardship. The aims of this thesis were to appraise the feasibility of community- based health insurance in Ecuador; to study how rural stakeholders perceived the 2008 reform and its effects on rural health services; to explore the local population's perception of the NGO in service delivery; and to measure the scope and describe the nature of perceived emergencies, the related health care seeking behavior and health expenditure. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to tackle the research objectives. Data collection for the health insurance study and the study of perceived emergencies was carried out through cross-sectional household surveys. For each of the studies 210 households were sampled with two-stage cluster sampling. Structured questionnaires were used with on the spot household interviews. Focus group discussions with local stakeholders were performed to explore their perceived effects of the 2008 health reform. The population's perception of the NGO was also studied through focus group discussions, which were complemented by key-informant interviews with local stakeholders. Inductive qualitative content analysis, focusing on the manifest content was applied. Results: 69% of interviewees were willing to join the presented community-based health insurance scheme for 30 US$ per household and year. Attitudes towards the scheme were positive and 92% of interviewees stated they would increase their health service utilization with affiliation. The implementation of the 2008 health reform was perceived as top-down, lacking communication. However, the reform's effects were mainly perceived as positive with free medical attendance and drugs. Increased service utilization was described as leading to a relative shortage of drugs and appointments. Access problems for remote dwellers were found, who were described of having to seek private care, also in emergencies. The NGO and its services were perceived positively by the population due to health care improvements in the region. The structure of the public private partnership was unclear, leading to dissatisfaction. Community participation was found to be rather weak. Perceived emergencies occurred to at least 90/1,000 inhabitants in the past year. Fever, traumatic injury and abdominal pain were the most frequent chief complaints. The first contacted providers in 57% of all cases were private for-profit providers, including traditional healers. Public health services treated one third of all cases. Health expenditure was found to be high and catastrophic health expenditure occurred in 24% of all cases. Conclusions: Prior to the 2008 reform community-based health insurance was found to be feasible in the study region. This financing instrument may have a role in the post-reform system, to cover services that the government does not yet sufficiently provide. The effects of the 2008 reform were mainly perceived positively, but an adjustment of the system is needed to improve the relative lack of drugs and appointments, especially for remote dwellers. Free health services may not be sufficient to reach universal health coverage for patients with perceived emergencies. Changes in public emergency departments and improved financial protection for emergency patients may improve the situation. The NGO's role was perceived positively by the population. A lack of communication about the public private partnership and relatively weak community participation restricted the NGO's full potential and should be improved.

Uvod: Voda čini 50-70 % sastava tijela zdrave osobe. Uredna hidracija je uvjet za fiziološko funkcioniranje tjelesnih sustava i održavanje homeostaze. Procjena tjelesnog sastava metodom bioelektrične impedancije s naglaskom na procjenu postotka vode u tijelu i utjecajem na zdravlje je javnozdravstveni proizvod Toplica Lipik. Cilj: Procijeniti postotak vode u organizmu i ukazati na potrebu redovnog pijenja obične pitke vode u prevenciji bolesti te ga povezati s komplementarnim programima koji su vezani uz izvore pitke vode. Metode: U istraživanje je uključeno 80 ispitanika, klijenata Toplica Lipik. Metodom bioelektrične impedancije procijenjen im je postotak vode u tijelu. Procjena je izvršena na aparatu Tanita, BC 1000. Proizvod je nazvan "Bodywass" (Assessment of body water). Rezultati: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 80 ispitanika, 64 žene i 16 muškaraca, prosječne životne dobi od 53,5 (27-85) godina. Kod 79% ispitanika verificiran je niži udio vode u tijelu što je potencijalni faktor rizika za zdravlje. Pitka voda je nacionalno blago, strateška komparativna prednost Hrvatske u Europskoj Uniji. Kao gospodarski primjer društveno odgovornog ponašanja u zaštiti voda i dostupnosti besplatne pitke vode svakom čovjeku, prikazuje se projekt Freewa (Free water). U perivoju Toplica Lipik je izvor pitke termomineralne vode Paviljon izvor–Antunovo ili Grofovo vrelo. U izgradnji je Muzej Dobre vode u centru grada. U šumi, nedaleko Lipika je izvor Bukovac otkuda se izvorska voda puni u boce za tržište pod komercijalnim nazivom Studena. Voda oba izvora besplatno je dostupna gostima Lipika. Izvori pitke vode povezani su biciklističkom stazom i šetnicom. Zaključak: Većina ispitanika imala je smanjen udio vode u organizmu. Potrebno je educirati klijente u toplicama ne samo o navici redovnog vježbanja, već i adekvatnog unosa vode radi očuvanja zdravlja. Tradicionalni lječilišni trijas u terapiji: šetanje, pijenje vode i kupke treba oplemeniti ekološkim suvenirom i ponuditi kao novi paket u zdravstvenom turizmu Toplica Lipik. ; Introduction: Water makes up more than 50-70 % of the body composition of a healthy person. Proper hydration is a prerequisite for physiologically functioning body systems and maintenance of homeostasis. The assessment of the body composition by the method of bioelectric impedance with an emphasis on the percentage of water in the body and the effect on health, is the public health product of Lipik spa. Aim: Assess the percentage of water in the body and point to the need for regular drinking of ordinary drinking water and link it with complementary programs related to drinking water springs. Methods: The survey included 80 respondents, Lipik spa clients. By the method of bioelectric impedance, the percentage of water in the body was estimated. The evaluation was done on the Tanita apparatus BC 1000. The product was called "Bodywass" (Assessment of body water). Results: The study encompassed 80 respondents, 64 women and 16 men, averaging ages of 53,5 (range 27 to 85) years. In 79% of respondents, a lower percentage of water in the body was verified, which is a potential risk factor for health and the onset of the disease. Drinking water is a national treasure, a strategic comparative advantage of Croatia in the European Union. As an economic example of socially responsible behavior in the protection of water and the availability of free drinking water to every human being, the "Freewa project" is presented (Free water). In the park Lipik spa there is a source of potable thermomineral water The Spring Pavilion – Antuns or Counts spring. Under construction is the Museum of Good Water in the city center. In the woods, near the town Lipik is the source of Bukovac where spring water is filled in bottles for the market under the commercial name Studena. Water from both sources is free of charge for guests of Lipik. Sources of drinking water are connected to the cycling trail and the promenade. Conclusion: Most subjects had a decreased body water content in the body. There is necessary to educate clients in the spa not only about regular exercise habits, but also adequate water intake to preserve health. Traditional spa trials in therapy: walking, drinking and bathing should be enhanced with ecological souvenirs and offered as a new product in Lipik spa health tourism.

Policies which are applied in communication field, have strongly influenced the alteration of values chain. It can be seen that economic alterations are the propellant powers which play the boundary roles in transformation of traditional consensus by these policies. Premises which are indicated and asserted especially in classic and neo-classic economy approaches, give shape to state policies and reproduce dependence in state's development literature in the form of being discussed. With prediction that information and communication technologies witness the transformations which address to every field of state economy; it is accepted that the opportunity of catching developed countries is achieved by closing the gap between developed and developing countries with investment to the field. With admission of this situation, accessing the position of developed countries, as presented in the prescription which is framed by neoliberal applications, is constructed on the ability of attending global network with information society and ICT. Embodied links in which information regime is from top to down while regulation form is in the opposite direction, Jessop's cultural economy politic approach displays an interdisciplinary attitude. Hegemon politics discourse can be scrutinized with this approach which provides to see political area as well as economic and cultural area especially with the attitude of highlighting post-fordist fund regime. In the light of opportunity/threat oriented approach, the importance of available policy practices, in which a large section of the community is attached, become more understandable. When the implied power/potency struggle of policy production is revealed with critical discourse analyses by applying political documents of national, supranational and international institutions and organizations, naturalized situation and established hegemony may become more clear. It has been evaluated that Turkey, as a developing state, has been not only adjusting network policy production by following it; but also forming counterhegemony against this phenomenon. Discussion about this subject in communication field is important. In addition to this, it must be considered that the network policy has a direction by which it corrodes nation-state. As a result of market-oriented approach to network policy, the situation of not being able to take advantage of state dynamics appears and tendency to developed states is produced again and more strongly. ; İletişim alanında uygulanan politikalar, değerler dizisi değişimini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Geleneksel uzlaşının bu politikalar tarafından dönüştürülmesinde, kilit rol oynayan itici gücün ekonomik değişimler olduğu görülebilir. Özellikle klasik ve neo-klasik ekonomi yaklaşımlarında belirtilen ve öne sürülen sayıltılar, ülke politikalarına şekil vermekte ve ülkenin gelişme yazını içinde ele alındığı şekliyle bağımlılıkları yeniden üretmektedir. Enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojilerinin ülke ekonomisinin her alanına hitap edecek dönüşümlere sahne olacağı öngörüsüyle, alana yapılacak yatırımla gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında uçurumun kapatılarak gelişmiş ülkeleri yakalama fırsatının elde edileceği kabul edilmektedir. Bu durumun kabulü ile neo-liberal uygulamaların çerçevelediği reçetede sunulduğu üzere gelişmiş ülkeler seviyesine erişme, enformasyon toplumu ve BİT ile küresel ağa katılabilme yeteneği üzerinde inşa edilmektedir. Bilgi rejiminin yukarıdan aşağıya iken düzenleme biçiminin de aksi yönde belirgin kılındığı ilişkilendirmede, Jessop'un kültürel ekonomi politik yaklaşımı disiplinler arası bir tutum sergilemektedir. Özellikle post-fordist birikim rejiminin çözümlemesini öne çıkaran tutumuyla, ekonomik alanla birlikte siyasal ve kültürel alana da bakılmasını sağlayan bu yaklaşım ile egemen siyasi söylemler irdelenebilmektedir. Fırsat/tehdit odaklı yaklaşım ışığında, toplumun geniş kesimlerinin dâhil edildiği uygun politika uygulamalarının ağ politikası üzerindeki önemi daha da anlaşılır olmaktadır. Politika üretiminin ulusal, ulus üstü ve uluslararası kurum ve kuruluşların siyasa belgelerine başvurularak yapılacak eleştirel söylem analizi ile üstü örtük olan güç/iktidar mücadelesi ortaya çıkarıldığında, doğallaştırılan durum ve tesis edilen hegemonya anlaşılır kılınabilir. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında olan Türkiye'nin de, 1990'lardan itibaren ağ politikası üretimini takip ederek uyum göstermenin yanı sıra, bu olguya karşı hegemonya oluşturduğu değerlendirilmektedir. İletişim alanında konuya yönelik tartışmalar önemlidir. Bununla birlikte, ağ politikasının ulus devleti aşındırıcı yönünün de olduğu göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Ağ politikasına piyasa odaklı anlayışla yaklaşılması neticesinde, ülke dinamiklerinden faydalanılamaması durumu ortaya çıkmakta ve gelişmiş ülkelere bağımlılık yeniden ve daha güçlü üretilmektedir.

The paper is dedicated to analysis of cooperation between University and stake holders in Lithuania. Based on critical analysis of references of research literature and documents, the perspective of governmental agencies on cooperation between University and stake holders with the special emphasis on educating law-enforcement officers in Lithuania is analysed. The general forms of cooperation are being analysed and also examples of good practices are presented (based on the case of educating professionals, especially, future law-enforcement officers, at Mykolas Romeris University). Methods of critical references analysis, documents 'analysis and analysis of situations and cases are employed for the development of this paper. This study revealed that cooperation between universities and stake holders is necessary in the context of globalisation. Universities are expected to go beyond the traditional tasks of providing studies and get engaged in research. Moreover, the pressure from stake holders on universities becomes increasingly evident. Representatives from professional world require teachers, and especially, students, to be confident in applying knowledge into practical situations. Study revealed that the cooperation is only possible with sufficient facilities and resources, development of which is prompted by positive perspective of governmental agencies and programmes and a focused input. The number of forms of cooperation signifies the fact that there is no universal understanding or consensus on the concepts or terms; moreover, certain terms are being used for describing one forms, and other – for other forms. Nevertheless, the general agreement on the necessity for cooperation itself is universal. Please, be advised that a more extensive and analysis with the employment of more numerous examples from professional world was presented by these authors in the presentation at the International Conference in Danang, Vietnam, October, 2017, as an integral part of activities in the project Hub4Growth. In this paper, however, an aspect of the analysis is presented in greater detail in section 3.1, 3.2, though the concepts and the context are presented and analysed extensively in the 1, 2, 3 sections of the paper. The examples of good practices of cooperation between University and stake holders at Mykolas Romeris University revealed that the main orientation was toward innovation, and enabling students at practicing the skills that are necessary for professional career. The paper is developed as an integral activity while implementing the Erasmus+ project Hub4Growth (for the action Capacity Building in Higher Education (reference number 561978-EPP-1-2015-1-UK-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP)). ; Straipsnis skirtas universiteto ir suinteresuotųjų organizacijų bendradarbiavimo Lietuvoje analizei. Remiantis moksline literatūros ir dokumentų analize, analizuojamas universitetų ir suinteresuotųjų šalių bendradarbiavimas, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant teisėsaugos pareigūnų švietimui Lietuvoje. Analizuojamos bendros bendradarbiavimo formos, pristatomi gerosios praktikos pavyzdžiai (paremti Mykolo Romerio universiteto profesionalų, ypač būsimų teisėsaugos pareigūnų). Šio straipsnio rengimui buvo naudojami mokslinės literatūros analizės metodai, dokumentų analizė, situacijų ir atvejų analizė. Šis tyrimas parodė, kad universitetų ir suinteresuotųjų subjektų bendradarbiavimas yra būtinas globalizacijos kontekste. Universitetams nebeužtenka rengti aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistus, atlikti mokslinius tyrimus. Didėja vyriausybinių organizacijų "spaudimas" dėstytojams ir studentams, noras, kad studentai išmoktų žinias sėkmingai pritaikyti praktinėje veikloje, kurtų naujas darbo vietas. Atliktas tyrimas parodė, kad sėkmingas mokslo ir suinteresuotųjų asmenų bendradarbiavimas neįmanomas be tam tikros materialinės bazės, o ją gali sukurti valstybės remiamos programos. Lietuvoje yra nemaža tokių programų įvairovė ir jos nuolat tobulinamos, atsižvelgiant tiek į universitetų, tiek į suinteresuotųjų asmenų poreikius. Mokslo ir suinteresuotųjų asmenų bendradarbiavimo formų įvairovė rodo, kad nėra vieningos mokslininkų nuomonės dėl vartojamų sąvokų, dažnai vienų autorių atskirų formų mechanizmai priskiriami prie vienos formos, kitų – prie kitos. Tačiau vieningai sutariama, kad universitetų ir suinteresuotųjų asmenų bendradarbiavimas yra būtinas. Išanalizuoti Mykolo Romerio universiteto gerosios praktikos pavyzdžiai parodė kad universitetas glaudžiai bendradarbiauja su suinteresuotaisiais asmenimis, ieško inovatyvių sprendimų, kuriant naujas inovatyvias paslaugas, siekia sudaryti sąlygas studentams lengviau adaptuotis praktinėje veikloje. Straipsnis parengtas pagal Erasmus+ projekto Hub4Growth metu atliktas situacijos analizes.

A crise socioambiental configurou-se mundialmente em meados do século XX devido à consolidação da sociedade urbano-industrial e dos avanços da ciência moderna, pautada pela racionalidade técnico-científica instrumentalizada aplicada para atender o modelo antropocêntrico de dominação da natureza para expansão capitalista. Essa crise global manifesta-se localmente no território centro-norte no estado de Mato Grosso a partir da expansão do capitalismo, a qual tomou forma, em especial na década de 1970, por meio das políticas desenvolvimentistas de integração nacional à Amazônia. A ocupação do espaço – por meio da colonização público-privada que atraiu o interesse de grandes grupos nacionais e internacionais –modificou a dinâmica territorial, movimentação de fauna e flora e também das populações seja das preexistentes no território, seja das populações migrantes em suas diferentes situações. Tal processo ocorreu de modo rápido e intenso, gerando desequilíbrios socioambientais na terra, na água, no ar, na biodiversidade e nas culturas preexistentes no território devido à inserção da Amazônia Legal – como região funcional – no contexto do capitalismo globalmente estruturado, perpetuando localmente os efeitos da crise socioambiental global. Dessa forma, o artigo em questão objetiva compreender como a Educação Ambiental no encontro com o diálogo de saberes e culturas pode produzir uma racionalidade socioambiental na região centro-norte mato-grossense. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, o estudo revelou que, embora exista uma fragilidade das práticas de Educação Ambiental e/ou adoção de atividades pontuais e não contextualizadas – o que não explicita as relações mercantilizadoras e insustentáveis existentes no modelo de sociedade vigente – quando trabalhado de forma crítica e dialógica, tal modelo promove a compreensão ampliada das relações complexas entre sociedade e natureza. Ademais, a Educação Ambiental no encontro com o diálogo de saberes científicos com os saberes culturalmente construídos por populações tradicionais (indígenas e não indígenas), os quais coevoluem com a natureza, possibilita a construção da racionalidade socioambiental que subsidia uma compreensão que aproxima as ciências da vida, da natureza e da sociedade e é pautada em princípios éticos, democráticos, justos e ecologicamente sustentáveis. ; The socio-environmental crisis had its structure established worldwide in the middle of twentieth century due to the consolidation of urban-industrial society and the advances of modern science, which is ruled by applied technical-scientific rationality applied in order to correspond to the the anthropocentric model of domination of nature for capitalist expansion. This global crisis has its local manifestation in the north central territory in the state of Mato Grosso since the expansion of capitalism, which took shape, especially in the 70's, through the development policies of national integration to the Amazon. The occupation of this space – through public-private colonization that attracted the interest of large national and international groups – changed the territorial dynamics, movement of fauna and flora and also of populations either the ones pre-existing in the territory or the migrant populations in their different situations. This process occurred in a fast and intense way, generating social and environmental imbalances in the land, water, air, biodiversity and preexisting cultures in the territory due to the deep insertion of the Legal Amazon ― as functional region ― in the context of globally structured capitalism, locally perpetuating the effects of the global socio-environmental crisis. This way, this article aims to understand how Environmental Education in the encounter with the dialogue between knowledges and cultures can produce a social-environmental rationality in the north central region of Mato Grosso. Through a bibliographic review, the study revealed that, although there is a fragility of the practices of Environmental Education and/or adoption of punctual and non-contextualized activities ― that does not explain the mercantile and unsustainable relations existing in the current model of society ― when worked in a critical and dialogic way, such a model promotes an expanded understanding of the complex relationships between society and nature. In addition, the Environmental Education in the encounter with the dialogue of scientific knowledges with the knowledges culturally constructed by traditional populations (indigenous and non-indigenous), that are in co-evolution with nature, enables the construction of socio-environmental rationality that subsidizes a science bringing sciences of life, nature and society closer together and has as it basis ethical, democratic, just and ecologically sustainable principles.

Заїнчківська І. П. Феномен двоєвір'я у творчій спадщині І. Огієнка / І. П. Заїнчківська // Філософські обрії : Наук.-теорет. журн. / Ін-т філософії імені Г. С. Сковороди HAH України, Полтав. нац. пед. ун-т імені В. Г. Короленка. – Вип. 40. – К. ; Полтава, 2018. – С. 60-77. ; В статті показано, що дослідження витоків, шляхів формування та своєрідності українського двовір'я у творчій спадщині І. Огієнка стало закономірним наслідком пошуків вченим шляхів збереження етнокультурної самобутності українців у ХХ ст., яка свідомо і цілеспрямовано руйнувалася під впливом радянської асиміляторської політики в межах етнічних земель, водночас занепадаючи в діаспорі у підсумку перманентної асиміляції українців у чужорідному середовищі. Ці процеси актуалізують вивчення І. Огієнком тих чинників, які сприяли формуванню та тематизації українського етнокультурного простору, водночас зумовлюючи його сепарацію на тлі світоглядно-ментальних особливостей спільноти. Інакше кажучи, звернення І. Огієнка до проблеми українського двоєвір'я зумовлене необхідністю збереження української етнокультурної самобутності, котра конструювалася найбільш свідомими верствами населення, проте зберігалася та транслювалася широкими народними масами. Показано, що двовір'я у творчій спадщині І. Огієнка постає тим світоглядним та культурним феноменом, який визначає не тільки духовну культуру народу, а й національну своєрідність його світоглядно-релігійних переконань та обрядової практики завдяки трансляції значимих елементів колективної пам'яті, тим самим зберігаючи етнокультурну самобутність народу. ; Introduction. In modern foreign and Ukrainian intellectual thought the growing interest in the phenomenon of traditional cultureis observed. It is stipulated by the fact that globalization has substantially blurred the foundations of national identity. The need for search of cultural and value orientations has actualized the study of those factors that would become the new conceptual basis of national strategies and would ensure the ideological and cultural unity of the population of national states. This would safeguard the latter on the political scene of the world. The construction of a common historical memory and cultural values of the community necessitates constant reconsideration, and in the case of Ukraine, the return to the cultural treasury of the nation, the theoretical groundwork of those thinkers who devoted their lives to highlighting the cultural uniqueness of the community. In cases where the cultural identity and mental uniqueness of Ukrainians as an ethno-cultural and national community are revealed, I. Ohienko's intellectual heritage occupies one of the leading places. He made one of the first and most successful attempts to show the mental uniqueness of Ukrainians through the prism of the phenomenon of dual faith. The purpose of our research is to highlight the peculiarities of the interpretation and ethno-creative potential of dual faith phenomenon in I. Ohienko's creative heritage. The task of the paper is to highlight the conceptual and socio-cultural prerequisites of I. Ohienko's appeal to the dual faith phenomenon, to reveal its significance not only in the process of formation of ethno-cultural and religious identity of Ukrainians, but also its deliberate and purposeful destruction during the XX century. Methods. The paper is based on the principle of the unity of the historical and logical. The central place in the research process is played by methods of historical and philosophical reconstruction and cultural analysis. Inter alia hermeneutic method and method of comparative analysis are widely used. Results. Dual faith in I. Ohienko's creative heritage is presented by that very ideological and cultural phenomenon, which determines not only the spiritual culture of the people, but also the national originality of their ideological and religious beliefs and ritual practice through the communication of significant elements of collective memory, and with them the ethno-cultural originality. It has been shown that I. Ohienko, in contrast to his predecessors (F. Buslaev, O. Afanasyev, V. Miller), believes that the construction of cultural identity of the people takes place not so much due to the conscious and purposeful activity of the elite, as a result of being involved in the custom and ritual practice, but as a consequence and transformation of the cultural elements created by the elite, the most acceptable and understandable to the national environment. This ensures the continuity of the cultural identity of the people.

Presenting an extensive anthology from the Çarmıklı Collection, "The First Round" exhibition at Galata Greek Primary School is open from March 6 to March 12, offering a multilayer reading for local modern art with installations, photographs, videos and paintings. "The First Round," where nearly 100 pieces feeding on social sensitivity and produced by the freedom and authenticity of its creator are on display, shares its integral discourse beyond the identity of collector and collection. Including works in different mediums, the anthology studiously reveals an idea and adventure searching for years. This adventure from the perspective of the collector, who also curated the exhibition, pushes the limits of new dialogues and expansions on every floor and in every room. The exhibition, where young talents who are contradictory and innovative but away from the art market and cornerstones of conceptual arts in Turkey meet, is featured as a product of a subtle, common and critical perspective about the current issues. In this busy agenda where a new trauma is added every day, pieces from more than 70 artists who tackle issues such as individual struggle for existence, gender and identity politics, domestic violence, patriarchal power, women's rights, honor and the traditional-modern dilemma are crowned as the main actors of the exhibition. "The First Round" stresses the union of force among artists and collectors to reopen the doors to redetermine the limits of conscientious responsibility. The anthology will also bring power and energy to the space with events such as panels, thematic tours and performances. Daily Sabah Ergin Cavusoglu Downward Straits (2004) Ships move, ghostlike, between two shores. Some of these ships carry oil. Some carry containers full of the things we consume. The two shores are often cast as the shores of Europe and Asia. They are the shores of the Bosphorus Strait in Istanbul. It is night time. We can see lights across the waterway. Some of the shots are from one shore and some from the other. The ships move both ways – right to left and left to right. There dark hulls and superstructures move across the lights of the other continent, momentarily blacking them out. All of this is happening on four large screens that the viewer is invited to walk through and engage with. The viewer is mobile like the ships, looking right and left as we negoti- ate our own passage. We hear sound too. The sounds of radio transmissions concerning the regulation of maritime mobilities. Ships are the vehicles that make the world work. They seem unremarkable: invisible even. Ships are old. Almost as old as humanity. They move across the earth's surface relatively slowly. They do not attract the attention of the theorists. But the vast majority of the world's "stuff" moves on ships. Ships are part of the infrastructure of mobility that hides what it is that is moving. Their apparent innocuousness is a deliberate consequence of the modern logistical imperative to standardize movements, to abolish stillness as much as possible. It is this linking of visibility, standardiza- tion and routinisation that global commodity movements are predicated on. This linking attempts to produce stability and predictability and, in turn, invisibility. Downward Straits reflects on this largely invisible, mundane, passage of things across the seemingly contourless, borderless waters of the world. These ships only become visible as a kind of absence: the ship-shaped blankness that we perceive as the dim silhouettes of ships pass across the lights of the thoroughly coded landscapes of Europe and Asia. Here the thin passage of water acts as a liminal zone where mobility is juxtaposed with the seeming certainties of the hard, borderline landscapes that form the shores. The ship is a place outside of place. As in much of Cavusoglu's work, a mysterious entanglement of place and mobility occurs asking us to confront the ways in which they make and undo each other. Prof Tim Cresswell, (excerpt) fast forward 2 The Power of Motion, Media Art Sammlung Goetz (Hatje Cantz Verlag, Ostfildern, Germany 2010)

European social democrats are facing challenging times. Their poor performance at a number of European national and regional elections, the European Parliament Elections of May 2014 and the associated rise of Eurosceptic, xenophobic and radical left factions revealed a crisis of their legitimacy. Among other, the emergence and consolidation of neoliberalism as the hegemonic political rationality in Western democracies is deemed to be burdening these parties' performance. This political ideology and discourse, theoretically formulated in the 1940s and politically implemented since around the 1970s, has progressively become the hegemonic paradigm of today's world dismantling with it some of the most basic social democratic core objectives. Especially during the last two decades, the extension of neoliberalism to other spheres of human life (such the political sphere) is increasingly being addressed by academics of the social sciences. This process is known as marketization. This thesis addresses the interaction of the traditional social democratic political discourse with neoliberalism, and inquires whether the political programme of these factions has been marketized. To this purpose, the case-study of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party has been selected in the research period between 1998 and 2013. Through its study, it aims at providing a description of the discourse resulting from the interaction of the neoliberal discourse with the PSOE's discourse. The research program designed for the analysis of the corpus is mainly based on by Reiner Keller´s Discourse Analysis. An extensive corpus comprehended of PSOE's electoral programmes, party congress resolutions and the magazine El Socialista´s articles were the focus of the empirical work. The participatory research has been also part of the research process. The empirical work conducted in this study points to an overriding marketization of the PSOE's political discourse, demonstrated through the evolution of its central rationality, which evolve from defending the intervention in the market to adaptation to it, and the partial abandonment of their core objectives of the after-war period: material security, equality, and the defence of workers' rights. Drawing on the literature on hegemony, in this work the reasons deemed to lay behind the marketization of the European social democratic parties and the PSOE have been extensively outlined. Among others, the shift on the economic paradigm of the last three decades of the 20thcentury, the hegemony of the neoliberal narrative and language, the cementation of globalization and the conformation of a European Union with an orthodox economic programme are identified. In the case of the PSOE, its lack of strong intellectual base, such an influential research centre or think-tank, and the coincidence of the access of Spain to the EU with its time in office, further contributed to its marketization. ; Europäischen sozialdemokratischen Parteien stehen herausfordernde Zeiten gegenüber. Ihre schlechten Ergebnisse bei zahlreichen europäischen, nationalen und regionalen Wahlen, bei der Europawahl 2014 und der Aufstieg von euroskeptischen, xenophoben und neuen Links-Parteien lassen eine Legitimationskrise erkennen. Das Auftauchen und die Konsolidierung vom Neoliberalismus als hegemoniale politische Rationalität in den westlichen Demokratien belasten, unter anderem, ihre Ergebnisse. Ihre politische Ideologie und ihr Diskurs, deren Grundlagen in den 1940ern theoretisch konzipiert wurden und seit den 1970ern politisch implementiert wurden, sind schrittweise das hegemonische Paradigma der heutigen Weltgesellschaft geworden. In diesem Prozess hat außerdem der Neoliberalismus einige der wesentlichen sozialdemokratischen Ziele demontiert. Insbesondere in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten, liegt die Verbreitung des Neoliberalismus in neuen Lebensbereichen (z. B. dem politischen Feld) immer stärker im Fokus der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung. Dieser Prozess wird als "Ökonomisierung" bezeichnet. Die Interaktion zwischen dem traditionellen sozialdemokratischen politischen Diskurs und dem Neoliberalismus wird in dieser Dissertation recherchiert. Gefragt wird, ob das politische Programm von diesen Parteien ökonomisiert wurde. Hierzu wurde die Fallstudie der spanischen sozialistischen Arbeiterpartei (PSOE) im Forschungszeitraum 1998 bis 2013 ausgewählt. Ziel ist es, den Diskurs, der aus der Interaktion vom neoliberalen Diskurs mit dem PSOE-Diskurs entstanden ist, zu beschreiben. Das Forschungsprogramm, das für die Analyse des Korpus entworfen worden ist, basiert in erster Linie auf Reiner Kellers wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse. Ein umfassender Korpus, bestehend aus Wahlprogrammen, Beschlüssen von Parteikongressen und Artikeln aus der Zeitschrift El Socialista stehen im Zentrum der empirischen Arbeit. Strategien der partizipativen Forschung sind ebenfalls Teil des Forschungsvorgehens. Die, in dieser Studie durchgeführte empirische Arbeit, hebt eine mehrheitliche Ökonomisierung von PSOEs politischen Diskurs hervor. Sie wurde in dieser Studie durch die Veränderung ihrer zentralen Rationalität bewiesen, von der Intervention in die Märkte bis hin zur Anpassung an diese. Basierend auf der Grundlage der Fachliteratur über Hegemonie, sind die Ursachen, die zu der Ökonomisierung der europäischen sozialdemokratischen Parteien geführt haben, ausführlich erläutert worden. Unter anderem werden der Wechsel des wirtschaftlichen Paradigmas in den drei letzten Jahrzehnten des 20. Jahrhunderts, die Hegemonie des neoliberalen Narratives, die Konsolidierung der Globalisierung und die Gründung und Erweiterung einer orthodoxen Europäischen Union erläutert. In der PSOE-Fallstudie dürften ebenso ihr Mangel an starken intellektuellen Ressourcen (wie z.B. einflussreichen Forschungsinstituten und Thinktanks) und der zeitgleiche Beitritt Spaniens zur Europäischen Union mit ihrer Zeit im Amt zu der Ökonomisierung der PSOE beigetragen haben.

This dissertation analyzes the interactions of netizens and environmental protection bureaus (EPB) in China as a case of authoritarian deliberation. To do so the characteristics setting social media apart from traditional ones are elaborated to show their unprecedented potential for deliberative practices and how they changed the nexus of state-society-media relations. Against this backdrop an analysis of collected conversations from the social media platform Sina Weibo using a mixed methods approach is conducted. The mixed methods approach relies on descriptive statistics to assess the scope and depths of EPBs activities on the platform in general and in comparison with other state agencies. It is one of the first systematic assessments that allow to gauge the impact of state-society relation taking place on social media. The findings suggest that deliberative practices are already taking place to a significant degree on social media between state agencies and citizens, but only to a marginal degree in the field of environmental protection. This deviates from the original research assumptions which were based the gravity of issues related to environmental protection and the comparatively high levels of interaction in other policy fields. Based on the insights gained by the quantitative assessment a region in China exhibiting high levels of activity in the field of environmental protection was selected for the second part of the mixed methods approach. This part uses qualitative content analysis to examine in detail the interactions of a group of selected EBPs representing the prefecture level city of Jiaxing. The qualitative evaluation uses a framework developed to assess local e-government services. The findings suggest that at least in this area deliberation between EPBs and netizens occurs regularly. The state agencies are responsive to societal input and can to some extent be pressurized to take action. The most dominant aspects brought into the interactions from the societal sphere can be related to the tasks of public service provision and transparency. This study complements the existing scholarly insights on social media and state-society relations by showing not only the extent to which authoritarian deliberation is already taking place in China's social media platforms but also by carving out its effects on state-society relations. The observed deliberative practices suggest that social media can contribute to enhance the responsiveness of local governments, increase the quality of local governance and serve as a multidirectional communication platform crossing - not only - the state-society divide. ; Diese Dissertation analysiert die Interaktionen von Internetnutzern und Umweltschutzbüros (EPB) in China als Fall von autoritärer Deliberation. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Charakteristika herausgearbeitet, die soziale Medien von traditionellen unterscheiden, um ihr Potenzial für deliberative Praktiken aufzuzeigen und um herauszuarbeiten, wie sie die Interdependenz zwischen Staat, Gesellschaft und Medien verändert haben. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird eine Analyse von gesammelten Interaktionen der social-media Plattform Sina Weibo mit Hilfe eines mixed-methods Ansatz durchgeführt. Dieser Ansatz verfolgt ein off-set Design und stützt sich einerseits auf deskriptive Statistiken, um den Umfang und die Tiefe der Aktivitäten der EPBs auf der Plattform im Allgemeinen und im Vergleich zu anderen staatlichen Agenturen zu bewerten. Dies ist einer der ersten systematischen Erfassungen dieser Interaktionen, die es ermöglicht, die Implikationen auf die Beziehungen zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft durch sozialen Medien in dieser Hinsicht zu messen. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Beratungsprozesse in den sozialen Medien zwischen staatlichen Stellen und Bürgern bereits in erheblichem Maße stattfinden, im Bereich des Umweltschutzes jedoch nur marginal. Dies weicht von den etablierten Forschungsannahmen ab, die darauf beruhen insbesondere Umweltschutz als sensitives Politikfeld zu sehen. Zudem weisen andere Politikbereiche in sozialen Medien einen vergleichsweise hohen Grad an Interaktion auf. Basierend auf den Erkenntnissen der quantitativen Bewertung wurde für den zweiten Teil des mixed-methods Ansatzes eine Region in China ausgewählt, die eine hohe Aktivität zwischen Netizens und EPBs im Bereich des Umweltschutzes aufweist. Dieser Teil der Arbeit verwendet qualitative Inhaltsanalyse, um die Interaktionen einer Gruppe ausgewählter EBPs, die die bezirksfreie Stadt Jiaxing repräsentieren, im Detail zu untersuchen. Die qualitative Bewertung greift dabei auf einen Analyserahmen zurück, der entwickelt wurde, um lokale E-Government-Dienste zu bewerten. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass zumindest in dieser Region regelmäßig Interaktionen im Sinne deliberativer Praktiken zwischen EPBs und Netizens stattfinden. Die staatlichen Stellen reagieren auf den gesellschaftlichen Input und können unter, in gewissen Grenzen, unter Druck gesetzt werden, Maßnahmen zu ergreifen. Die dominierendsten Aspekte, die in die Interaktionen von den Bürgern eingebracht werden, lassen sich auf die Analysekategorien der Erbringung öffentlicher Dienstleistungserbringung und der Transparenz zurückführen. Diese Studie ergänzt die vorhandenen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zu sozialen Medien und zu den Beziehungen zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft in autoritären System wie China, indem sie nicht nur das Ausmaß autoritärer Deliberation anhand von Chinas Sina Weibo Plattform aufzeigt, sondern auch deren Auswirkungen auf die Beziehungen zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft herausgearbeitet. Die beobachteten deliberativen Praktiken legen nahe, dass soziale Medien dazu beitragen können, die Reaktionsfähigkeit lokaler Regierungen zu verbessern, die Qualität lokaler Governance zu verbessern und als multidirektionale Kommunikationsplattform zu dienen, die nicht nur die Kluft zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft überschreitet.

International interest in sustainable and inclusive growth has gained impetus because of the recognition that the "brown" economy model does not address global issues such as growing inequality and social marginalization, environmental degradation, and resource depletion. Evidence has shown that the "green" economy is a potential source of employment, can halt further productivity loss, and can address climate change and environmental degradation. Broadly, three kinds of skills sets for green jobs can be identified. The first is general sustainability literacy, predominantly in the form of soft skills, awareness, and action competence. The second set includes occupation-specific science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) skills, while the third set encompasses leadership and management skills aimed at green transition. Many of these skills exist and are transferable, but need to be further strengthened and mainstreamed, or complemented with additional green concepts and practices. Others, such as broader STEM skills and leadership skills are missing. All present particular opportunities for the training sector. Each of the four countries studied—India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam—as part of this Asian Development Bank (ADB)–Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK) research study, presents an overview of main research findings concerning education and skills for inclusive growth, green jobs, and the greening of the economy for each country. This includes examples of government and business sector responses to the issues and challenges being addressed, and examples of how technical and vocational education and training (TVET) systems and institutions are addressing both the revision of curricula in the context of green growth dynamics and patterns of training and skills development for meeting demands. The research study reported on in this book is unique. The findings, conclusions, and recommendations are based on primary data that were specifically collected for the study. Similar studies conducted in Asia have relied largely on the secondary sources of data, and report on existing research and related literature. By comparison, this study—in addition to reporting on existing research and related literature—surveyed TVET providers and business enterprises and examined survey responses of policy makers and practitioners on key aspects of education and skills for inclusive growth and the greening of economies. In addition, in-country workshops were held in each of the four countries to ascertain the views of key stakeholders in government, nongovernment organizations, members of the international development community, TVET providers, and members of the business sector. These workshops were organized to discuss key aspects of green growth, green jobs, inclusive growth, and the greening of economies, and to discuss the main findings emerging from the research. In addition to reporting on research findings from India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam, this book examines cross-cutting issues, concerns, and prospects regarding education and skills for inclusive growth and green jobs for the four countries. These are critical themes and issues in the selected industry sectors triggering a demand for green jobs in the region; how industry is responding to those demands; areas impeding the transition from traditional to green practices; the importance of skills development, especially green skills, with regard to successful examples and the reasons for their success; the role of TVET in addressing industry needs; reasons for the slow response of TVET toward green skills, and key impediments; and, what works concerning initiatives from countries to fast-track reforms in TVET to facilitate inclusive growth and the greening of economies. The research study provides recommendations to help manage the transition toward green and inclusive growth presents a suggested framework for implementation of potential strategies and policy initiatives, and examines areas for further research. Summaries are provided in this book of the case studies undertaken for India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam.