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Предметом обсуждения статьи является книга о Н. Г. Чернышевском, написанная историком русской философии В. К. Кантором. Творческая биография писателя отражает трансформации интеллектуальной и политической культуры, произошедшие с русским обществом во второй половине XIX века. Блестящий полемист, он обладал духом социального активизма. Трагическая судьба не позволила мыслителю в полной мере осуществить важные творческие замыслы. В. К. Кантор создает новую интеллектуальную биографию Чернышевского в противовес советской версии, унаследовавшей от Ленина однозначный взгляд на Чернышевского как на революционного демократа. Обращаясь к историографии вопроса, я анализирую основные идеи книги. В статье ставятся два вопроса: можно ли наследие Чернышевского «очистить» от революционного мифа и идеологических интерпретаций? И насколько справедливо определять его как сторонника постепенных реформ и христианского мыслителя? Вступая в диалог с Кантором, я показываю дискурсивную борьбу вокруг наследия Чернышевского, которая возникла среди русских философов и писателей, представляющих направление русского европеизма и христианского либерализма в интеллектуальной культуре России. Автор демонстрирует литературные и философские источники для изучения наследия Чернышевского в периоде между тремя русскими революциями и эмиграцией. Статья представляет собой критический обзор ключевого инструментария исторических и философских интерпретаций работ Чернышевского в российском интеллектуальном контексте ХХ века. Выявить подлинную интенцию мысли русского интеллектуала и одновременно дать новую интерпретацию идейного наследия Николая Чернышевского в контексте русской философской культуры сегодня представляется крайне важным. На современном этапе эта работа отвечает актуальной задаче изучения текстов русской общественной и религиозной мысли в проблемном поле историко-философских исследований.This article represents a genre of philosophical criticism that can be defined as a reflection of the book on N. G. Chernyshevsky written by V. K. Kantor, a historian of Russian philosophy. Kantor creates a new intellectual biography of Chernyshevsky as opposed to the Soviet version, inherited from Lenin, of Chernyshevsky as a revolutionary Democrat. Chernyshevsky's biography reflects the transformation of intellectual and political culture that took place in Russian society in the second half of the 19th century. I attempt to analyze the main ideas of the book through addressing the historiography of the subject in this critical article. The two main questions posed are whether a writer's legacy can be "cleared" from the revolutionary myth and ideological interpretations, and is it fair to define him as a supporter of gradual reform and as a Christian thinker? The article also introduces the reader to the historical-philosophical tradition of research on Chernyshevsky. I also demonstrate the literary and philosophical sources for the study of Chernyshevsky's work in the periods between three Russian revolutions and emigration. This essay presents a critical overview of the key instruments of historical and philosophical Chernyshevsky studies in the Russian intellectual context of the 20th century. Identifying the actual intention of the thoughts of Chernyshevsky is extremely important today. This paper responds to the relevance of studying the texts of Russian social and religious thought in the present stage of the problematic field of the history of philosophy.

The article introduces the edition «Atlas of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army». Actuality for mapmaking of distorted Ukrainian history pages is showed. The approaches to structure of the atlas are noted. The atlas presents the origins of UPA, its armed struggle, territorial divisions, military organization and present-day memory places. The distortion of Ukrainian Insurgent Army's history is one of the cornerstones of the Russian propaganda machine. Edition of «Atlas of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army» will contribute to the fight of the Ukrainians in the information warfare waged by the Russians for centuries, trying to assimilate the neighboring people and to appropriate its historical achievements. According to the concept, the structure of the atlas should cover a wide range of different aspects of the UPA's struggle; bases on objective materials and destroy the Soviet myths; it discloses the territorial organization of the struggle; transmits different historical phases of social processes (origins, activity, today's echo). The Atlas complies with such approaches as complexity and consistency, as well as scientific approach, clarity for consumer, Ukrainian centrism, objectivity. Its structure consists of five chapters: 1) «Origins of UPA», 2) «UPA armed struggle for the restoration of Ukrainian statehood», 3) «UPA territorial divisions», 4) «Characteristics of military organization», 5) «Memorable places of UPA». The introductory article to atlas «OUN and UPA: myths and slanders of the Russian propaganda» is intended to show the main Russian fakes. The first chapter gives the prerequisites for insurgency formation, the second reveals the theme of military confrontation of Ukrainian rebels to all invaders during World War II (German Nazis with Hungarians and Romanians, Polish chauvinists, Russian and Soviet imperialists), the third reveals territorial divisions of the armed struggle, the fourth is without maps, it shows features of military organization, the fifth contains a map scale 1: 500 000 with UPA memorable places. «Atlas of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army» will serve as a good argument in the Russian-Ukrainian information warfare. It meets modern requirements for historical cartographic popular science publications. ; Статья знакомит с будущим изданием «Атлас Украинской Повстанческой Армии». Отмечена актуальность исторического картографирования наиболее мифологизированных страниц истории Украины. Проанализирована структура атласа, которая раскрывает истоки создания УПА, вооружённую борьбу, территориальную структуру, военную организацию и места памяти УПА. Приведены подходы к созданию Атласа, наполнения его картографическими, информативно-текстовыми и иллюстративными материалами. Указано на важность издания в текущей информационной войне. ; Стаття знайомить з майбутнім виданням «Атлас Української Повстанської Армії». Відзначено актуальність історичного картографування найбільш міфологізованих сторінок історії України. Проаналізовано структуру атласу, яка розкриває витоки створення УПА, збройну боротьбу, територіальну структуру, військову організацію та місця пам'яті УПА. Наведено підходи до створення Атласу, наповнення його картографічними, інформативно-текстовими та ілюстративними матеріалами. Вказано на важливість видання у триваючій інформаційній війні.

Türkiye'nin 1959 yılında Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu'na Ortak Üye olmak amacıyla başvurmasından itibaren Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği ilişkileri ekonomik, siyasal, sosyal koşullara bağlı olarak kimi zaman olumlu, kimi zaman olumsuz bir şekilde sürdürülmüştür. 2004 yılında aday üye statüsünü elde eden Türkiye'nin bugün Avrupa Birliği (AB) ile uyuşmazlık içinde olduğu çeşitli meseleler bulunmaktadır. Özellikle Türkiye ile Avrupa Birliği arasında son dönemde meydana gelen birtakım tartışmalar ilişkilerin seyrini etkilemektedir. Bu meseleler arasında vize serbestisi konusunda tarafların ortak bir karar üzerinde uzlaşamamaları, Suriyeli mülteciler sorunu, Gümrük Birliği Antlaşması'nın genişletilmesi tartışmaları, Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenter Meclisi'nin almış olduğu karar doğrultusunda Türkiye'nin denetim sürecine alınması, idam tartışmaları, Avrupa'da aşırı sağ partilerin yükselişte olması ve bu partilerin birçoğunun Türkiye ile ilgili olumsuz açıklamaları yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği ilişkileri doğrultusunda üniversite öğrencilerinin Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği üyeliğine bakış açılarını incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 20162017 Akademik Yılı Bahar Dönemi içerisinde çeşitli bölümlerde öğrenim gören rastgele seçilmiş 750 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada öğrencilerin örneklem olarak ele alınmasında Türkiye'nin genç ve dinamik bir nüfusa sahip olmasının büyük payı bulunmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği'ne yönelik olumlu veya olumsuz görüşlerinin sebepleri, Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği haricinde bir alternatifinin olup olmadığı, Avrupa Birliği hakkında ne derece bilgi sahibi oldukları üniversite öğrencilerinin görüşleri doğrultusunda incelenecektir ; Since the application of Turkey in 1959 to become a Common Member of the European Economic Community, the relations between Turkey and the European Union have been maintained in positive and sometimes negative manner, depending on the economic, political and social conditions. Turkey, which obtained the status of candidate member in 2004, has various issues that today are in conflict with the European Union. Particularly recent discussions between Turkey and the European Union affect of relations. Among these issues are discussions on the issue of visa liberalization between the parties on a common decision, the Syrian refugee issue, the debate on the expansion of the Customs Union Treaty, the taking of Turkey into the control process in the direction of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, and far right parties are on the rise and most of these parties have negative statements about Turkey. The aim of this study is to examine the views of university students on Turkey's membership to the European Union in the direction of Turkey-European Union relations. The sample of the research consists of 700 university students trained in various departments within the 2016-2017 Academic Year Spring Semester. In studying students as a sample, because Turkey has a young and dynamic population. Survey method was preferred as data collection method in the survey. The reasons for Turkey's positive or negative views towards the European Union, whether Turkey has an alternative to the European Union, and the extent to which they have knowledge of the European Union will be examined in the light of the views of university students

<p>La competitividad ha sido abordada desde diferentes perspectivas, las mismas que van desde propuestas específicas y limitadas a complejas y generales. La evidencia sugiere que la evaluación de la competitividad debe realizarse teniendo en cuenta el enfoque de la competitividad sistémica. Para aportar en esta discusión, la presente investigación propone la elaboración de un índice de competitividad productiva (ICP), que incorpora variables del entorno económico, socio ambiental, institucional y educativo para evaluar la competitividad productiva de 1,069 productores de la región Puno. Los resultados indican que el sistema de producción más competitivo es el orgánico, seguido del mixto y convencional. Dentro del sistema orgánico, los productores más competitivos son aquellos dedicados al procesamiento de leche y los productores de quinua. Así mismo, se pudo evidenciar que la principal debilidad de todos los sistemas productivos es el acceso a servicios básicos en domicilio, mientras que la principal debilidad de los sistemas mixtos y convencionales es la innovación tecnológica, el acceso a asesoría técnica y el nivel educativo.</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>Multidimensional analysis of rural productive competitiveness: a study to guide public investment in the context of support for productive competitiveness </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>(PROCOMPITE)</strong></p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>The competitiveness has been approached from different perspectives, the same ranging from specific proposals and limited to complex and general. Evidence suggests that the assessment of competitiveness must take into account the systemic competitiveness approach. To contribute to this discussion, this research proposes the development of productive competitiveness index (PCI), incorporating variables of the economic, social and environmental, institutional and educational to evaluate the productive competitiveness of 1,069 producers in the region of Puno. The results indicate that the competitive production system is organic, followed the mixed and conventional. Within the organic system, the most competitive producers are those dedicated to processing milk and quinoa producers. Also, it has been evident that the main weakness of all production systems is access to basic services at home, while the main weakness of mixed and conventional systems is technological innovation, access to technical advice and educational level.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>productive competitiveness index, principal component analysis, systemic competitiveness.</em></p><p><em><br clear="all" /> </em></p>

Ehre, Ehrverlust und Unehrlichkeit sind relativ gut erforscht, nicht jedoch Ehrrestitution. Das DGF/FWF-Projekt Untertanensuppliken am Reichshofrat Rudolfs II. 1576-1612 zeigt aber, u.a., dass es auch durch Suppliken angestoßene Verfahren um Ehrrestitution gab, die am Rechtsweg durch Anrufen einer bzw. "Berufen" bei einer höheren gerichtlichen Instanz als der für den vorausgehenden Ehrverlust verantwortlichen geschah.Der Fokus der Arbeit liegt auf sechs der zehn überlieferten Verfahren, in denen Ehre nach ihrem Verlust aufgrund einer "Straftat", also devianten Verhaltens, wiederhergestellt werden soll. Sie versprechen Einblicke ins alltägliche Leben und Denken der Menschen (historische Anthropologie), in den Umgang mit dem Konstrukt "Kriminalität" (historische Kriminalitätsforschung) und in die Funktionsweise politischer Kommunikation (Kulturgeschichte des Politischen). Die Forschungsfrage lautet: Was ist bzw. was bedeutet Ehrrestitution und welche durch supplizierende "Straftäter" angestoßene Ehrrestitutionsverfahren finden sich in den Akten des Reichshofrats Rudolfs II.?Um sie zu klären und eine erste Studie zum Phänomen Ehrrestitution vorzulegen, wird zuerst der Forschungsgegenstand Ehre thematisiert: Das Konstrukt Ehre wird aktuell als veränderliches Kommunikationsmedium, mit dem der soziale Status einer Person mitgeteilt wird, als symbolisches Kapital oder auch als Verhaltenscode beschrieben. Ehre verweist auf bzw. hängt an Ökonomie, Politik, Recht und Sexualität, wie die sechs Fälle exemplarisch belegen, und ist somit "bedeutend".Auf diesen Erkenntnissen aufbauend werden anschließend die vorhandenen Akten zu den sechs Ehrrestitutionsfällen verzeichnet und beschrieben. Es zeigt sich, dass die "Bedeutung" der Ehre Ehrverlust und -restitution bestimmt. Je nach ihrer fallspezifischer "Bedeutung" und dem Vorgehen der Betroffenen haben sie Erfolg oder nicht. Ehre (bzw. Ruf) ist nicht für immer ruiniert, sonde Handeln der Untertanen abhängig. ; There are theories and case studies about honour, its loss and dishonesty, but not about the restoration of honour (Ehrrestitution). Though the project ''Supplications filed by subjects at the Aulic Council under the reign of Emperor Rudolf II 1576-1612'' shows that there were proceedings to restore lost honour, started by supplications of pleading subjects, who lost their honour in processes on lower levels of jurisdiction.There are ten such cases, six of them concerning restoration of honour after its loss because of 'criminal actions', i.e. deviant behaviour. The thesis focuses on these cases, delivering insights into everyday life (historical anthropology), handling crimes (research on the history of crime) and political communication (cultural history of politics). It is followed by this question: What is / what means restoration of honour and which proceedings to restore honour, started by supplications of 'criminal' subjects, can be found among the files of the Aulic Council during the period of Rudolf II?To answer this question and to write a first study about the restoration of honour, the thesis describes honor as an issue of historical research: The construct honor is described as a communication medium communicating the social standing of a person, as a symbolic capital and as a code of behaviour. Honour is connected to economy, politics, law and sexuality, as shown in the six cases. Thus honour always has a specific 'meaning'.As a second step, the thesis describes the original files. This shows that the 'meaning' of honour influences its loss as well as its restoration. It depends on this 'meaning' and the specific acting of subjects, whether their pleas are successful or not. However, as honour only exists in actions, it is not necessarily lost forever. ; vorgelegt von Florian Zeilinger ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2016 ; (VLID)1562155

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der psychosozialen Situation syrischer Flüchtender in Österreich. Dabei wird diese von der Forschungsfrage "Wie gestaltet sich die psychosoziale Situation syrischer Flüchtender in Österreich?" geleitet. Die psychosoziale Situation wird dabei anhand der Wohnverhältnisse, der Alltagsgestaltung, der sozialen Beziehungen zu Verwandten, FreundInnen und ÖsterreicherInnen und der gesundheitlichen Situation gemessen. Ebenfalls werden traumatische Erfahrungen thematisiert, die Flüchtende auf der Flucht, im Herkunftsland und im Exilland machen. Der Aufbau dieser Arbeit gliedert sich in einen theoretischen und einen empirischen Teil. Im theoretischen Teil werden die Themen rund um Asyl bezüglich des Rechts in Europa und Österreich diskutiert. Des Weiteren wird die psychosoziale Situation von Flüchtenden im Exilland im Theorieteil beleuchtet. Im empirischen Teil wird die durchgeführte Gruppendiskussion mit syrischen Flüchtenden in Graz vorgestellt. Die Auswertung des qualitativen Materials erfolgte mit der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse. Die daraus gewonnen Daten werden im Anschluss dargestellt und interpretiert. Zusammengefasst lässt sich in Bezug auf die Gruppendiskussion festhalten, dass die befragten syrischen Flüchtenden hinsichtlich des Wartens auf den Asylbescheid in ihrem Alltag deutlich belastet sind. Durch die fehlende Struktur des Alltages aufgrund des Arbeitsverbotes und der damit einhergehenden schwierigen finanziellen Lage ist die psychosoziale Situation jener belastet. Die Diskussionsteilnehmer äußerten immer wieder arbeiten gehen zu wollen, um für ihren Lebensunterhalt selbst aufkommen zu können. Des Weiteren sorgen sich die Befragten um ihre Familien, welche sich noch im vom Bürgerkrieg gezeichneten Syrien befinden, und äußern im Zuge der Gruppendiskussion immer wieder den Wunsch diese zu sich nach Österreich holen zu können. Bezüglich der Erkenntnisse betreffend den Theorieteil lässt sich zusammenfassen, dass Personen, die von Flucht und Vertreibung betroffen sind, aufgrund der Wohnsituation, der Aufenthaltsunsicherheit und dem daraus resultierenden Beschäftigungsmangel, der gesundheitlichen Situation und der mangelnden Sprachkenntnisse sowie der Ablehnung im Exilland psychosozial deutlich belastet sein können. ; This master thesis is about the psychosocial situation of Syrian refugees in Austria. Therefore the research question is "How is the psychosocial situation of Syrian refugees in Austria?" The psychosocial situation is measured by the living conditions, daily routines, social relations to relatives, friends and Austrians and the health situation. Potentially traumatizing experiences of refugees during their flight, in their home country and in exile will be discussed as well. The structure of this thesis is divided into a theoretical and into an empirical part. The theoretical part deals with facts concerning the asylum issue in general, as well as the rights of asylum in Europe and Austria. The psychosocial situation of refugees in exile countries will be discussed, too. For the empirical part I conducted a group discussion with Syrian refugees in Graz. The evaluation of this group discussion was conducted with the qualitative content analysis. The group discussion and the qualitative content analysis will be described in the empirical part. After that the data will be represented and analyzed. All in all the psychosocial situation of the Syrian refugees, who were members of the group discussion, is loaded particularly by the waiting for their approval of asylum status. The members of the group discussion mentioned all over again that they want work, so that they can earn their livings by their own. Furthermore the participants are worried about their families back in Syria living under civilian war conditions and they wish to bring them to Austria. Concerning the results of the theoretical part the psychosocial situation of refugees can be affected by their living conditions, their unsecure asylum status which is combined with their few possibilities in daily routines, their health situation, their little language skills as well as the rejection in exile. ; vorgelegt von: Anna Grill ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2016 ; (VLID)1340334

The author deals with a problem of quality of higher education, discussed widely in the Western Europe and the US. She analyzes reasons of the growth of interest in the improvement an measurement of quality for teaching and non-teaching processes occurring in the institutions of higher learning. She discusses the changing role of the State in the management of systems of higher education in the EC. The changes which take place in the steering of higher education reflect political and social trends. A new idea of self-regulation assumes that the government defines general frames in which the universities may develop their own manner of work. Referring to Guy Neave the author states that many European governments shifted their interest from the input to the output of higher education. Introduction of new mechanisms of quality control is a condition of the introduction of new priorities by governments. Mechanisms of the quality improvement in institutions of higher education, and specially a model of management transferred from business to post-secondary education, i.e. TQM, Total Quality Management are presented as well. The largest part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of mechanisms and procedures of quality assessment in the institutions of higher learning. Two extreme models of quality control are presented: one, by an external authority, by self-governing community of fellows, as well as mechanisms of peer review and accreditation. The author states that now there is some resistance against application of only quantitative criteria to the evaluation of quality of institutions of higher learning. The search for other means of measurement of their quality is based on a strong belief that quality is made of such unmeasurable elements as scholarly climate, atmosphere of work, innovativeness and creativity. A solution may be found in linking the internal and external control. The two types of control used separately raised several reservations. ; W artykule prezentowany jest szeroko dyskutowany w Europie Zachodniej i w USA problem jakości szkolnictwa wyższego. Analizowane są przyczyny, które w latach osiemdziesiątych spowodowały wzrost zainteresowania zarówno doskonaleniem, jak i pomiarem jakości procesów dydaktycznych i pozadydaktycznych zachodzących w instytucjach szkolnictwa wyższego. Autorka omawia zmieniającą się rolę państwa w zarządzaniu systemem szkolnictwa wyższego w krajach EWG. Twierdzi ona, że zachodzące zmiany w sterowaniu szkolnictwem wyższym są odbiciem tendencji politycznych i społecznych. Prezentuje mechanizmy doskonalenia jakości w instytucjach szkolnictwa wyższego, a w tym - dość szczegółowo - jeden z modeli zarządzania przeniesiony ze świata biznesu do szkolnictwa ponadśredniego, tj. TQM (Total Quality Management). Najwięcej miejsca w artykule zajmuje analiza mechanizmów i procedur oszacowywania jakości w instytucjach szkolnictwa wyższego. Autorka omawia dwa przeciwstawne modele kontroli jakości, tj. poprzez autorytety zewnętrzne i poprzez społeczność akademicką. W ramach tego rozróżnienia autorka omawia, m.in., mechanizm peer remem i mechanizm akredytacji.

Im Sommer 2016 wurde im Sprengel Museum Hannover ein digitales Ausstellungsformat präsentiert, das sich auf die Rekonstruktion eines historischen Ausstellungsraumes, El Lissitzkys KABINETT DER ABSTRAKTEN (1927) bezog. Eine iPad-App mit dem Titel DEMONSTRATIONSRAUM zeigt in der Raumrekonstruktion ein virtuelles Panorama aus historischen Fotografien zum Kabinett, und erlaubt es den Besuchern und Besucherinnen, sich mit einem Selfie selbst in die Geschichte des Raumes einzuschreiben. Die App berücksichtigt die politischen Forderungen, die mit dem Ausstellungsraum historisch verbunden waren, die Diskontinuitäten in seiner materiellen Überlieferung, sowie die Rolle der Fotografie für seine derzeitige Gestalt, und aktualisiert diese Aspekte unter Zuhilfenahme der Augmented-Reality-Technologie. Der Beitrag stellt zunächst die Funktions- und Gebrauchsweise des Kabinetts dar, auf den sich die Anwendung bezieht, ordnet die historischen Konzeptionen Lissitzkys in aktuelle medienwissenschaftliche Begriffsfelder ein, und leitet daraus Vorgaben für die Ausgestaltung der App ab. Das Augenmerk wird hier auf die Dialektik von Opazität und Transparenz gelegt, wie sie Prozesse der Remediatisierung kennzeichnet: Lissitzkys Raum wird in diesem Zusammenhang als Dispositiv zur Aktivierung der Betrachtenden vorgestellt, dessen besondere Wirkmacht in der Herstellung einer Erfahrung medialer Opazität liegt. In einem zweiten Schritt wird die App DEMONSTRATIONSRAUM ihrer Zielsetzung sowie seiner Funktionalität nach beschrieben, und in aktuellen kulturpolitischen Debatten verortet. Ihr liegt die Absicht zugrunde, jenseits von Bemühungen um historische Authentizität in erster Linie die Subjektposition zu aktualisieren, die historisch mit dem Kabinett verbunden war, die Archivbestände des Museums einer neuen Nutzung zu erschließen, und das Moment medialer Opazität auch als soziale Kategorie zu denken. Das Projekt wurde konzipiert von Carolin Anda, Yvonne Bialek, Cornelia Durka, Alexander Karpisek, Natascha Pohlmann und Philipp Sack, Doktoranden und Doktorandinnen am DFG-Graduiertenkolleg 1843 «Das fotografische Dispositiv» an der Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig. (Projektwebsite: www.demonstrationsraum.de) ; In the summer of 2016, a digital exhibition format addressing the reconstruction of a historical exhibition space, El Lissitzky's ABSTRACT CABINET (1927), was shown at the Sprengel Museum Hannover. An iPad app titled DEMONSTRATIONSRAUM presents visitors to the space with a virtual panorama of historic photographs depicting the Cabinet, and invites users to inscribe themselves in the history of the exhibition space by taking a selfie. The app considers the political claims that have historically been linked to the Cabinet, the discontinuities in its material presence, as well as the role photography has for the state the space currently is exhibited in, and actualizes these aspects with the aid of augmented reality technology. The article first delineates the function and use of the space assessed by the app, positions them in relation to recent debates in the field of media studies, and deducts guidelines for the design of the software. Attention is given to the dialectic of opacity and transparence that characterizes processes of remediation: Lissitzky's Cabinet is here conceived of as a device of viewer engagement, the particular agency of which lies in its capacity to create experiences of media opacity. Thereupon, the article describes the DEMONSTRATIONSRAUM app with regards to its functionality and its underlying motivations, situating it in the context of contemporary debates on cultural politics. The app is presented as an expression of the intention to actualize subject positions that have historically been connected to the Cabinet, thus abstracting from conventional concerns for historical authenticity, to open up the museum's archival holdings for new uses, and to re-assess opacity as a category both relating to media and the social sphere. The project has been conceived by Carolin Anda, Yvonne Bialek, Cornelia Durka, Alexander Karpisek, Natascha Pohlmann und Philipp Sack, PhD candidates in the postgraduate program «The photographic dispositif» at Braunschweig University of Art. (Project web site: www.demonstrationsraum.de)

в условиях существования диспропорций в территориальном развитии Российской Федерации актуально всестороннее изучение уровня развития регионов. Сбалансированное социально-экономическое развитие регионов является условием устойчивого развития России. В статье дан анализ проведенных в 2010-х гг. рейтингов городов России по качеству жизни населения, данные о которых представлены в открытых источниках. На этой основе выделены города-лидеры и рассмотрено влияние состояния систем образования на обеспечение качества жизни населения. Это сделано с помощью выделения в методиках рейтингов показателей и критериев, характеризующих образовательную систему и условия получения образования населением. Анализ показал, что для оценки качества жизни населе-ния в рейтингах используются показатели, отражающие приоритеты государственной образовательной политики, и данные, полученные в ходе социологических исследований. При этом не во всех рейтингах состояние системы образования рассматривается как показатель качества городской среды. Проведено сравнение результатов городов-лидеров в рейтингах с оценками систем образования Минобрнауки России, основанных на отраслевых критериях. На базе сопоставления рейтингов качества жизни населения в городах России и отраслевых рейтингов и оценок Минобрнауки России установлено, что лидирующие позиции систем образования городов (регионов)-лидеров коррелируют. Материалы статьи призваны привлечь внимание исследователей и специалистов органов управления образованием к использованию межотраслевых оснований и внешних данных о системе образования при выборе стратегии развития территориальных образовательных систем и проектировании программ их развития. ; the study of the regional educational systems appears to be very crucial given the territorial disproportions development in the Russian Federation. The balanced social-economic region evolution is an important requirement of sustainable development of Russia. The analysis held by the open sources (2010) of the city ratings of life quality is presented in the article. Taking these data into account, the leading city positions were highlighted and the impact of the status of educa-tional system on the population life quality was studied. The presented analysis has been made on the basis of the rating choice of the indicators and criteria characteristic for the educational system of the given region. It was found that to assess the life quality of the region the indicators reflecting the priorities of the governmental educational policy and the data obtained in the course of socio-logical studies are used. However, the indicators of the educational system as the indicators of the quality of the urban environment were considered not in all the ratings. The leading ratings of the cities assessed by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation based on indus-trial criteria were compared. Then all the three main ratings − city life quality, industrial ratings, and quality assessment of Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation were correlated. The article is to attract the attention of the scholars and governmental officials in the area of educa-tion in order to choose the appropriate development strategy for local educational systems and de-signing the suitable development programs, external factors considering.

Five Years of Development Plans are basic politic documents which they reveals Turkey's growing that is going to be happen in long term in economical, social and cultural areas which is getting prepared by with it's former name State Planning Organisation (SPO), and it's newly name Ministry of Development. There are ten development plans have been prepared which they contains years between 1963 and 2018. Development plans doesn't provides goal union only for community but entire society. Basic goal of every development plans we are speaking of is; making Turkish people be fortunate and prosperous. Nation's sport policy gets determined in development plans as primal. Precautions for citizens at every ages to join sport activities are being taken while sport policy is getting created. Traditional sport branches status and improvements at new sport branches are getting studied. Interest in sports in Turkey is raising day by day with teen community which creates 12-24 age group being at first. However this interest is directed to a determined sport branch as football. The purpose of this study is revealing preperations those have been done for future, having attention about sport's available and futuristic problems, giving suggestions to determined issues about sport policy which is available in development plans. According to present general status, there is a needing to improving culture of doing sport in society. In this manner popular sport understanding sport policies and legal regulations has to be done. Sportive activities those being performed at schools have to be get varieted and raised for success at sport. Schools' sport basis have to be improved. ; Eski adıyla Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı (DPT), yeni adıyla Kalkınma Bakanlığı tarafından hazırlanan Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, Türkiye'nin ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel alanlarda, uzun dönemde gerçekleştireceği büyümeyi ortaya koyan temel politika dokümanlarıdır. 1963 yılından itibaren 2018 yılını kapsayan on tane kalkınma planı hazırlanmıştır. Kalkınma planları sadece kamu kesimi için değil aynı zamanda toplumun geneli için hedef birliği sağlar. Söz konusu tüm kalkınma planlarının temel hedefi; Türk insanınınmesut ve müreffeh hale gelmesidir. Ülkenin spor politikası öncelikle kalkınma planlarında tespit edilir. Spor politikası oluşturulurken her yaştaki vatandaşların spor faaliyetlerine katılmalarını sağlayacak tedbirlere işaret edilir. Geleneksel spor dallarının durumu ve yeni spor dallarındaki gelişmeler incelenir. Başta nüfusun 12-24 yaş grubunu oluşturan gençlik kesimi olmak üzere Türkiye'de spora ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Ancak bu ilgi futbol gibi belirli bir spor dalına yöneliktir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kalkınma planlarında yer alan spor politikası konusunda gelecek dönemler için yapılan hazırlıkları ortaya koymak, sporun mevcut ve gelecekte muhtemel problemlerine dikkat çekmek, tespit edilen sorunlara tavsiyelerde bulunmaktır. Mevcut genel duruma göre toplumda spor yapma kültürünün geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Dolayısıyla yaygın spor anlayışına yönelik spor politikaları ve hukuki düzenlemeler yapılmalıdır. Sporda başarı için okullarda yapılan sportif etkinlikler çeşitlendirilmeli ve artırılmalıdır. Okulların spor altyapısı geliştirilmelidir.

UK: Актуалізується та обґрунтовується теза про те, що проблема лідера та лідерства для партії відіграє особливу роль. Діяльність партійного лідера - це насамперед громадська діяльність в результаті якої зміцнюється потенціал партії. Особливої актуальності лідерство набуває в умовах надмірно персоніфікованої політики, коли більшість людей орієнтується не на партію, а на особистість. За цих умов формування відповідного іміджу партійного лідера є однією з найважливіших складових побудови загальної стратегії партії. Разом із тим, навіть найкраща характеристика політичного портрета партійного лідера не допоможе, якщо в суспільстві склався негативний імідж політичної партії. Тому відносини «лідер - політична партія» мають двосторонній взаємозумовлений характер. Підкреслюється, що проблема формування іміджу партії актуалізується сьогодні у зв'язку з низьким рівнем довіри до них з боку українських громадян. Для більшості населення політичні партії сучасної України залишаються практично індивідуально невизначеними, такими, які мало відрізняються, як ідеологічно, так і програмно. За такої ситуації важливим завданням кожного партійного лідера є формування індивідуального «образу» партії, покликаного продемонструвати суспільству його переваги серед інших політичних партій, переконати суспільство саме цій партії віддати свою підтримку та симпатії. Розкрито основні характеристики узагальненого політичного портрета сучасного партійного лідера. Виділені критерії партійного лідерства. Показано роль лідера, як ідеолога, організатора, стратега, натхненника й вихователя партійних лав і суспільства в цілому. EN: Actualizarea and substantiates the thesis that the problem of the leader and the leadership of the party plays a special role. The activities of the party leader is first and foremost a social activity which strengthens the capacity of the party. Of particular relevance is the leadership becomes in terms of the overly personalized politics when most people are focused not on party but on personality. Under these conditions, the formation of an appropriate image of party leader is one of the most important components of forming the General strategy of the party. However, even the best description of the political portrait of the party leader will not help if the society has developed a negative image of the political party. Therefore, the relationship «leader - political party» have a two-way interdependent nature. It is emphasized that the problem of image formation of the party actualizarea today due to the low level of trust towards Ukrainian citizens. For the majority of the political parties of modern Ukraine remain virtually individually uncertain, a little different, ideologically and programmatically. In such a situation, an important task of every party leader is the formation of an individual «image» of the party, designed to show the public its benefits among other political parties, to convince the public that party to give their support and sympathy. Describes the main characteristics of the generalized portrait of a modern political party leader. Selected criteria of the party leadership. Shows the role of the leader as ideologist, organizer and strategist, inspirer and teacher of the party ranks and society in General.

Полиция является важнейшим институтом подержания правопорядка и безопасности в стране. Работа в полиции сопряжена с повышенным риском, ответственностью и высокими требованиями к выполняемым функциям со стороны общества и государства. Развитие страны детерминирует постоянное совершенствование полиции как института, с чем связаны последние реформы полиции во многих странах с переходной экономикой. Одной из основных составляющих этих реформ является заработная плата полицейских. К сожалению, полиция это закрытая группа, крайне редко представленная в опросах общественного мнения и обследованиях домохозяйств. Как именно происходит формирование заработной платы в полиции и есть ли различия в заработках полицейских в разных странах? Данная статья как раз посвящена анализу механизма формирования заработной платы полицейских и выявлению её детерминант в странах бывшего СССР (Россия, Казахстан) и Восточной Европы (Болгария и Латвия). Эмпирическая часть исследования базируется на уникальных данных опросов полицейских, выполненных по единой методологии, выборка составляет 1854 респондента. В 2012 г. самая высокая в среднем оплата труда в полиции в среднем наблюдалась в Болгарии (1428 дол. США), а самая низкая в Казахстане (595 дол. США). Как показал регрессионный анализ заработной платы полицейских в четырёх рассматриваемых странах, оплата труда в полиции определяется образованием, стажем, подразделением и принадлежностью к руководящему составу, при этом исследуемые страны отличаются по набору влияющих факторов. Так, наличие высшего образования в Болгарии увеличивает заработную плату полицейского на 27%, тогда как в других странах влияние этого фактора незначимо. А в России самый сильный эффект на размер оплаты труда оказывает руководящая должность: руководители получают на 55% больше рядовых сотрудников. ; The police force is the crucial pillar of safety and order in a country.Work in the police is considered to be risky, highly demanding, andvery responsible. Both government and society expect excellent workfrom police officers. A country's development defines the developmentof its institutions, including the police, which is why many transitioneconomies went through police reforms recently. One of the reforms'targets was the wage of police officers. Unfortunately, the police forceis a very closed social group and can rarely be identified in householdsurveys, so information is scarce. However, it is very important to knowand understand how wages are determined in the police force and ifthere are any differences among countries with transition economies.How much do the wages vary inside the police? This paper is aimed atanalyzing the wage formation mechanism in Post-Soviet countries likeKazakhstan and Russia and in Eastern European countries like Bulgariaand Latvia. In 2012, the highest average monthly wage was to be foundin Bulgaria ($1,428) and the lowest was in Kazakhstan ($595). A regressionanalysis on the collected data from police officers' interviews(with a sample size of 1,854 policemen) showed that education, tenure,department, and rank determined police wages but also that the factorsdiffered from country to country. Education is the crucial factor in Bulgariaand increases wages by 27%, while in other countries education has no effect on police wages. In Russia,the most significant influence on wages is rank. The higher-ranked police officers receive up to 55% more thanlower-ranked officers do.

The European football is in need of proper governance. This fact has been acknowledged in a number of EU documents, as well as by some of its member-states, Britain and France in particular. Weak governance undermines the fi nancial stability of football clubs and the ability of sport to fullfi l its key social functions. Besides other things, it open channels of external interference in the functioning of FIFA and UEFA as selfregulating bodies of football governance. The present article is devoted to the exploration of governance modes transformation in European and international football, infl uences by the European integration process. Global governance is employed here as an analytical approach. It allows to specify the role of the EU in development and maintenance of rules and norms, which limit the freedom of state and nonstate actors, involved in the sphere of football. The 2007 Lisbon Treaty endowed the EU with direct competence in the field of sport. But today it will still be a mistake to conclude that the European institutions are directly responsible for the formation of new structures of football governance. Nevertheless, their activity does have an impact on the lives of those who are involved in it. Unsatisfi ed stakeholders (football clubs, players and fans) turn to the EU for support when seeking alternative ways for settlement of disputes, when they do not find resolution in the internal structures of football governance. Vertical pathways, established in the traditional pyramid of the European football governance are subsequently undermined. Thus, the EU influence makes it easier to turn to structures of network governance. ; Тот факт, что в европейском футболе отсутствует должное управление, был признан в ряде документов Европейского союза, а также некоторыми государствами – членами ЕС, в особенности Великобритани- ей и Францией. Слабое управление подрывает финансовую стабильность футбольных клубов и способность спорта выполнять свои ключевые со- циальные функции. Оно, помимо прочего, открывает каналы для внешнего вмешательства в функционирование ФИФА и УЕФА как ключевых органов футбольного управления. Настоящая статья посвящена анализу эволюции форм управления в европейском и международном профессиональном фут- боле, которая происходит под влиянием европейской интеграции. В каче- стве аналитического подхода использовано глобальное управление. Данный подход помогает уточнить роль ЕС в разработке и поддержании правил и норм, ограничивающих свободу действия государственных и негосудар- ственных акторов, вовлеченных в сферу футбола. На основании Лиссабонского договора 2007 г. ЕС был наделен прямой ком- петенцией в спортивной области. Но и сейчас было бы ошибкой утверждать, что европейские институты несут прямую ответственность за оформление новых структур футбольного управления. Однако их деятельность всё силь- нее сказывается на жизни тех, кто в него вовлечён. Недовольные стейкхол- деры (футбольные клубы, игроки и болельщики) прибегают к содействию ЕС как к альтернативному способу регулирования споров, которые не на- ходят разрешения во внутренних структурах футбольного управления. Тем самым подрываются вертикальные каналы власти, сформировавшиеся в традиционной пирамиде управления европейским футболом. Под влияни- ем ЕС облегчается переход к более демократичным структурам сетевого управления.

The intersection of gender, welfare and immigration regimes has been one of the main focus of a rich scholarship on paid domestic work in Europe. This article brings into the discussion the nexus of employment and immigration law regimes to reflect on the role of legal regulation in structuring and reducing the vulnerability of domestic workers. I analyse this nexus by looking at the cases of Cyprus and Spain, two states falling under the cluster of Southern Mediterranean welfare regimes, that share certain characteristics in terms of immigration regimes, but have substantially different employment law regulation models. The first part sketches the debate on the employment law regulation of domestic work. The second part starts by giving an overview of the immigration regimes of Cyprus and Spain in relation to migrant domestic workers and then proceeds to analyse the two countries' models and substance of employment law regulation in domestic work. The comparison of these two divergent approaches informs the debate on how the legal regulation of domestic work should be best structured. In Spain there have been recent dynamic legislative changes in the employment law regulation of domestic work. The final part of the article traces these changes and reflects on why such processes have not taken place in Cyprus. ; Las relaciones que se establecen entre las regulaciones y disciplinas que afectan al género, las políticas sociales y laborales y la inmigración han constituido uno de los centros de un rico debate doctrinal sobre el trabajo doméstico remunerado en Europa. El presente artículo pretende analizar el nexo entre la regulación laboral y la de inmigración para reflexionar sobre el papel que una regulación jurídica puede desempeñar en la reducción de la vulnerabilidad de los trabajadores domésticos. El análisis de la relación entre inmigración y regulación laboral se centra en el estudio de Chipre y España, dos estados que pueden encuadrarse en la tipología de modelo mediterráneo de estados de bienestar y que comparten ciertas características en sus regímenes jurídicos de regulación de la inmigración, pero donde aparecen importantes diferencias en la regulación laboral. La primera parte introduce el debate sobre la regulación laboral del trabajo doméstico. La segunda parte describe el panorama de los regímenes jurídicos de la inmigración en Chipre y España en relación con los trabajadores domésticos inmigrantes para continuar con el análisis de ambos modelos y de la regulación sustancial relevante en materia de empleo doméstico. Mediante la comparación de estos dos modelos divergentes se construye el debate sobre cómo elaborar de manera óptima la regulación del trabajo doméstico. En el caso español, en el marco de una dinámica de reformas laborales, han existido recientes cambios legislativos en la regulación del trabajo doméstico. La parte final del artículo rastrea el origen de estos cambios y propone una reflexión sobre las razones de la ausencia de un proceso similar en Chipre.

Рассматриваются проблемы обязательности труда осужденных, сущности правоотношений с использованием такого труда на примере советского исправительно-трудового законодательства, опыта международно-правового регулирования. Дается оценка ранее существовавшему исправительно-трудовому законодательству и современному уголовно-исполнительному законодательству в сфере труда осужденных. Анализируется перспектива исключения обязательности труда в настоящее время и определения труда осужденных как труда добровольного. ; The article deals with the problems of the compulsory labor of convicts, attitude to the labor of convicts by the example of the soviet corrective labor legislation and international legal regulation; the prospect of eliminating the compulsory labor now is considered. It is obvious that the convict's right to work in the conditions of imprisonment is missing. In the Soviet period, this right was enshrined in the Constitution. Now neither international law nor criminal-executive legislation of the Russian Federation gives the convicted the right to work, because they only give the definition of labor freedom limits. Today, the establishment of the right to work would mean the state's responsibility to provide it to anyone who would like to receive it. It is hardly possible in a market economy. Achieving absolute identity of the features of penitentiary and labor relations is difficult. To accept the fact of labor relations, it is sufficient to have at least one significant feature (voluntariness, payment) and any number of optional features. Relations connected with the labor of convicts in prisons, are labor relations, but the special basis of their establishment, development, change and termination must be set in the Criminal Correctional Code of the Russian Federation. The enshrinement of the basis will lead labor relations of convicts to the content of labor relations, limiting their form with the exceptions fixed in the criminal correctional legislation. To motivate and encourage convicts to work on a subjective level requires broad objective features such as a significant number of workplaces. It is necessary to work out legal development incentives that would be applicable to convicts positively related to work. The lack of legal incentives in the criminal correctional legislation does not encourage convicts to work, so the volunteer spirit and motivation to work will be lost. The implementation of voluntary labor with free labor contracts requires going further and developing a number of legal, economic, social and educational tools for their introduction to the penal system. At present, there is no developed system of diverse jobs, so it complicates the implementation of incentives for a conscientious attitude to labor. Now, neither the Concept of the Development of the Criminal Correctional System of the Russian Federation until 2020, nor the current level of the development of the criminal correctional system allows to conclude that the legislator is ready to exclude the compulsory labor of convicts, who are in prisons, from the Criminal Correctional Code of the Russian Federation.