Suchergebnisse

The Tillabéri region in Niger has quickly lapsed into a state of violence and come under the control of 'violent trepreneurs' – that is, non-state armed actors possessing ome kind of political agenda, which is implemented in tandem with different types of income-generating activities. Violent entrepreneurs rule by force and violence, but they also distribute resources, provide some level of order and offer protection to (at least parts of) the population in the areas they control, or attempt to control. In many local communities in peripheral areas of the Sahel, these violent entrepreneurs have a stronger presence than international community actors and their national allies. This situation is partly the result of spill-over effects from the war in Mali and local herder-farmer conflicts, but the key factors are the ability of jihadi insurgents to appropriate local grievances and the failure of the state to resist this. ; publishedVersion

Mali is by constitution a secular state, but here as elsewhere in the Sahel the role of religious leaders is increasing both in the social and the political sphere. This HYRES research brief explains how, why, and in what ways religious leaders tried to gain influence in the 2018 presidential campaign. While the research brief shows that there has been a fusion of politics and religion that can increase the political influence of Malian religious leaders, such engagement can also be a double-edged sword as Malians tend to see 'politics as dirty' and not a field that pious men of faith should get too deeply involved in. ; publishedVersion

Whitehouse, B. ; Strazzari, F.: Introduction: rethinking challenges to state sovereignty in Mali and Northwest Africa. - S. 213-226. - Harmon, S.: Securitization initiatives in the Sahara-Sahel region in the twenty-first century. - S. 227-248. - Raineri, L. ; Strazzari F.: State, secession, and Jihad: the micropolitical economy of conflict in Northern Mali. - S. 249-271. - Boisvert, M.-A.: Failing at violence: the longer-lasting impact of pro-government militias in Northern Mali since 2012. - S. 272-298. - Bøås, M. Crime, coping, and resistance in the Mali-Sahel periphery. - S. 299-319. - Hüsken, T. ; Klute, G.: Political orders in the making: emerging forms of political organization from Libya to Northern Mali. - S. 320-337

[…]. - 1 Displacement economies: paradoxes of crisis and creativity in Africa / Amanda Hammar. - 2 Securing livelihoods: economic practice in the Darfur-Chad borderlands / Andrea Behrends. - 3 Contested spaces, new opportunities: displacement, return and the rural economy in Casamance, Senegal / Martin Evans. - 4 The paradoxes of clas: crisis, displacement and repositioning in post-2000 Zimbabwe / Amanda Hammar. - 5 Rapid adaptations to change and displacements in the Lundas (Angola) / Cristina Udelsmann Rodrigues. - 6 Somali displacements and shifting markets: camel milk in Nairobi's Eastleigh estate / Hannah Elliott. - 7 Diaspora returnees in Somaliland's displacement economy / Peter Hansen. - 8 Financial flows and secrecy jurisdictions in times of crisis: relocating assets in Zimbabwe's displacement economy / Sarah Bracking. - 9 The IDP economy in northern Uganda: a prisoners' economy? / Morten Bøås and Ingunn Bjørkhaug. - 10 "No move to make": the Zimbabwe crisis, displacement-in-place and the erosion of "proper places" / Jeremy Jones. - 11.Captured lives: the precarious space of youth displacement in eastern DRC / Timothy Raeymaekers. - […]

This report systematises and analyses existing knowledge on taxation in fragile states. Efforts to support domestic revenue mobilisation in conflict situations require a different approach and other means than in the more stable developing countries. On that basis, the study discusses possible entry points for Norwegian support to domestic revenue mobilisation in ways that may contribute to strengthen state-building and improve government legitimacy. Complexity, limited experience and security concerns suggest that one should be cautious to adopt bilateral technical assistance programmes of the kind implemented in other developing countries. Instead, the study argues in favour of engagement via multilateral institutions, including multi-donor trust funds and other forms of pooled resources. The report recommends nine entry points for Norwegian support to taxation in fragile states: 1. Do no harm 2. Safeguard donor coordination, but ensure a certain humility 3. Support customs administration 4. Capacitate management and taxation of natural resources 5. Support the United Nations Tax Committee 6. Improve taxpayer-tax administration relations 7. Remember the sub-national tax system 8. Support civil based organisations 9. Develop research capacity ; publishedVersion

What lessons can we draw from the 2014-2016 Ebola crisis in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone? While both the outbreak itself and the context is different, there are enough similarities between the Ebola crisis and COVID-19 to extract useful lessons and best practices. In this research note, the focus is on three key lessons from the Ebola experience: community engagement, crisis communication and countering the rumour mill. In the world's most fragile states, an uncontrolled outbreak of COVID-19 would have devastating consequences for the population. In a scenario where the spread of the coronavirus is under control in large parts of the world, the survival of COVID-19 in fragile states would also most certainly be a source for new waves of infections to the rest of the world. Not only do fragile states lack capacity to react adequately on their own, but their ability to utilise external support and assistance is limited due to low absorption capacity. ; publishedVersion

Amid an array of shifting national, regional, and global forces, how have African insurgents managed to adapt and survive? And what differences and similarities can be found, both among the continent's diverse rebellions and guerilla movements and between them and movements elsewhere in the world? Addressing these issues, the authors of Africa's Insurgents explore how new groups are emerging and existing ones changing in response to an evolving landscape

The recent escalation in the violent conflict in the Niger Delta has brought the region to the forefront of international energy and security concerns. Oil and Insurgency in the Niger Delta analyses the dynamics of the violence, focusing on the ways in which oil and Nigerian politics have morphed poorly coordinated, non-violent protests into a pan-Delta insurgency. Approaching the issue from a number of perspectives, the book offers the most up-to-date and comprehensive analysis available of the varied dimensions of the conflict