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International audience The Warnock report (1978) extracted the education of disabled young people from the medical logic in order to refocuse it on the special education needs. The transversality of the approach of needs in a universal educational design logically leads to the ordinary schooling of children previously admitted in special schools. However, hardly had happened the model of need, that it has been broken by the return of deficient categorisations, as the legislator thought them indispensable to delimit populations of rights-holders and organize the financing of additional aids. ; Le rapport Warnock (1978) a extrait l'éducation des jeunes handicapés de la logique médicale pour la recentrer sur les special educational needs. La transversalité de l'approche des besoins dans une visée éducative universelle conduit logiquement à la scolarisation ordinaire des enfants accueillis antérieurement dans la filière spécialisée. Mais à peine advenu, le modèle du besoin est battu en brèche par le retour des catégorisations déficitaires, perçues comme indispensables par le législateur pour délimiter des populations d'ayants droit et organiser le financement des aides additionnelles.

Obwohl sich die gesamtgesellschaftliche Situation von Frauen in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten sehr verändert hat, lassen sich regional immer noch beträchtliche Unterschiede im Geschlechterverhältnis ausmachen. Diese regionalen Unterschiede werfen die grundsätzliche Frage auf, warum und wodurch Ungleichheit zwischen den Geschlechtern bestehen bleibt. Zwei Fallstudien aus Dörfern im Emsland und in Niederbayern geben Einblicke in die Situation von Müttern zwischen Familie und Beruf und gehen der Frage nach, wie sich Frauen in diesen durch eine traditionelle Verteilung von Fürsorge und Erwerbsarbeit gekennzeichneten lokalen Geschlechterarrangements verorten, wie sie ihre Situation bewerten und welche Praktiken damit verbunden sind. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie eng kulturelle und strukturelle Einflüsse verwoben sind und dass dieses Arrangement im Handeln der Menschen vor Ort (re-)produziert wird. Damit wird ein Perspektivwechsel verfolgt: Frauen in ländlichen Räumen werden nicht als "Benachteiligte" gesehen, sondern als gestaltende Akteurinnen ihrer Umgebung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine traditionelle Aufteilung von Fürsorge- und Erwerbsarbeit von vielen AkteurInnen befürwortet wird und diese Arbeiten untereinander als gleichwertig betrachtet werden.

This paper investigates the efficiency properties of tax competition between submetropolitan jurisdictions when capital, residents and workers are mobile, and both households and firms compete for local land markets. We analyze two decentralized equilibria: (1) with a local tax on residents and two separate local taxes on capital and land inputs, efficiency is achieved and the existence of a marginal fiscal cost due to residents' mobility is revealed; (2) combination of the taxes on capital and land inputs into a single business property tax leads local authorities to charge inefficiently high taxation on capital. We show that capital mobility induces a reduction in the business land taxation and local public inputs are used to offset the distorting effects of the property tax, accounting for the distorting impact of workers' mobility.

This paper investigates the efficiency properties of tax competition between submetropolitan jurisdictions when capital, residents and workers are mobile, and both households and firms compete for local land markets. We analyze two decentralized equilibria: (1) with a local tax on residents and two separate local taxes on capital and land inputs, efficiency is achieved and the existence of a marginal fiscal cost due to residents' mobility is revealed; (2) combination of the taxes on capital and land inputs into a single business property tax leads local authorities to charge inefficiently high taxation on capital. We show that capital mobility induces a reduction in the business land taxation and local public inputs are used to offset the distorting effects of the property tax, accounting for the distorting impact of workers' mobility.

There is a small literature on the economic costs of terrorism. We consider the effects of the Boston marathon bombing on Americans' well-being and time allocation. We exploit data from the American Time Use Survey and Well-Being Module in the days around the terrorist attack to implement a regression-discontinuity design. The bombing led to a significant and large drop of about 1.5 points in well-being, on a scale of one to six, for residents of the States close to Boston. The happiness of American women also dropped significantly, by almost a point, regardless of the State of residence. Labor supply and other time use were not significantly affected. We find no well-being effect of the Sandy Hook shootings, suggesting that terrorism is different in nature from other violent deaths.

article available online: https://journals.openedition.org/e-spania/26149 Leche de la fe del príncipe Christiano (1545) is the only treaty signed by Franciscain Luis de Maluenda. He unveils his family origins and draws up a catalogue of his works. Although recogido and observant, Maluenda runs a horizon that is not limited by the fence of its convent: spiritual life and political adventure are closely linked. His links with influential characters such as the anti-erasmist Juan Martínez Silíceo testify to this. An intense activity as a popular preacher also explains its sensitivity to the spiritual and political problems of his time. She also feeds into her work an imagined style and tears through which a creative subject emerges who claims to be as such. This presence of the author, who has an acute awareness of composing a real work, vivifies in depth what he presents as a compilation of saints. In Chapter 5 of the Treaty, the citation of the erasmian glosis of the 221th Adages is based on the franciscain's bigarry speech to deliver a subversive message. ; International audience ; article available online: https://journals.openedition.org/e-spania/26149 Leche de la fe del príncipe Christiano (1545) is the only treaty signed by Franciscain Luis de Maluenda. He unveils his family origins and draws up a catalogue of his works. Although recogido and observant, Maluenda runs a horizon that is not limited by the fence of its convent: spiritual life and political adventure are closely linked. His links with influential characters such as the anti-erasmist Juan Martínez Silíceo testify to this. An intense activity as a popular preacher also explains its sensitivity to the spiritual and political problems of his time. She also feeds into her work an imagined style and tears through which a creative subject emerges who claims to be as such. This presence of the author, who has an acute awareness of composing a real work, vivifies in depth what he presents as a compilation of saints. In Chapter 5 of the Treaty, the ...

There is a small literature on the economic costs of terrorism. We consider the effects of the Boston marathon bombing on Americans' well-being and time allocation. We exploit data from the American Time Use Survey and Well-Being Module in the days around the terrorist attack to implement a regression-discontinuity design. The bombing led to a significant and large drop of about 1.5 points in well-being, on a scale of one to six, for residents of the States close to Boston. The happiness of American women also dropped significantly, by almost a point, regardless of the State of residence. Labor supply and other time use were not significantly affected. We find no well-being effect of the Sandy Hook shootings, suggesting that terrorism is different in nature from other violent deaths.

This paper investigates the efficiency properties of tax competition between submetropolitan jurisdictions when capital, residents and workers are mobile, and both households and firms compete for local land markets. We analyze two decentralized equilibria: (1) with a local tax on residents and two separate local taxes on capital and land inputs, efficiency is achieved and the existence of a marginal fiscal cost due to residents' mobility is revealed; (2) combination of the taxes on capital and land inputs into a single business property tax leads local authorities to charge inefficiently high taxation on capital. We show that capital mobility induces a reduction in the business land taxation and local public inputs are used to offset the distorting effects of the property tax, accounting for the distorting impact of workers' mobility.

The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) institutions are consistentwith a New Consensus that emerged in the 1980s, limitingthe role for macroeconomic (particularly fiscal) policy to short termstabilizations by means of rules. I will argue that the policy inertiainduced by the Consensus may have played a role in the disappointingperformance of EMU economies even before the crisis.The crisis of the Consensus, and the debate on secular stagnation,proved that Keynesian (and possibly) persistent excesses of savingsover investment may hamper growth. This has put fiscal policy backto the center of the scene, and given the General Theory, at eighty, asecond youth. I will argue therefore that the EMU fiscal rule should beamended to allow semi-permanent negative government savings. I willfinally argue that a modified Golden Rule may serve this objective,and allow EU-wide policy coordination. This seems the only reasonablereform with some chances of being adopted by the EU dividedpolicy makers.

There is a small literature on the economic costs of terrorism. We consider the effects of the Boston marathon bombing on Americans' well-being and time allocation. We exploit data from the American Time Use Survey and Well-Being Module in the days around the terrorist attack to implement a regression-discontinuity design. The bombing led to a significant and large drop of about 1.5 points in well-being, on a scale of one to six, for residents of the States close to Boston. The happiness of American women also dropped significantly, by almost a point, regardless of the State of residence. Labor supply and other time use were not significantly affected. We find no well-being effect of the Sandy Hook shootings, suggesting that terrorism is different in nature from other violent deaths.

There is a small literature on the economic costs of terrorism. We consider the effects of the Boston marathon bombing on Americans' well-being and time allocation. We exploit data from the American Time Use Survey and Well-Being Module in the days around the terrorist attack to implement a regression-discontinuity design. The bombing led to a significant and large drop of about 1.5 points in well-being, on a scale of one to six, for residents of the States close to Boston. The happiness of American women also dropped significantly, by almost a point, regardless of the State of residence. Labor supply and other time use were not significantly affected. We find no well-being effect of the Sandy Hook shootings, suggesting that terrorism is different in nature from other violent deaths.

National audience between pooling and forced budgets, local authorities are looking for new forms of management combining quality of service and control of costs. Territorialisation appears to be a particularly effective tool. The Optima Chair provides insights into this community organisation. Pooling schemes, merger of EPCI, financial situation under stress, etc. Local authorities are currently undergoing rapid change. In this context, the establishment of place-based organisations, as close as possible to the ground, is a tool closely studied by some communities. 'In terms of management, the territorialisation of services creates a close link between the territory, users and field teams by giving them more autonomy and breaking down their intervention logic, which proves to be more motivating and more effective', says Laurent Guyon, member of the Optima Chair, Director of Sports of the City of Toulouse and former director of the Toulouse city centre. · The mere taking into account of territories from headquarters: territorialisation is only the territorial part of an essentially sectoral policy. It therefore prevents the problems of a territory from being dealt with in a comprehensive manner. · Light territorialisation with a territorial coordinator: territorial antennae only act as a vehicle for communication and consultation. They manage bottom-up and top-down information. · Integrated territorialisation of decision-making and management of public services: This involves entrusting territorial hubs with real management autonomy and decentralising at this level part of the discussion prior to the definition of public policies. Why territorialise? · As close as possible to citizens ; National audience Entre mutualisations et budgets contraints, les collectivités locales recherchent des nouvelles formes de management alliant qualité de service et maîtrise des coûts. La territorialisation apparait comme un outil particulièrement efficace. La chaire Optima apporte son éclairage sur cette organisation des ...

Note under judgment and judgment and non-reproduced judgment ; International audience ; Note under judgment and judgment and non-reproduced judgment ; Note sous jugement et arrêt Jugement et arrêt non-reproduits Jurisprudence commentée

There is a small literature on the economic costs of terrorism. We consider the effects of the Boston marathon bombing on Americans' well-being and time allocation. We exploit data from the American Time Use Survey and Well-Being Module in the days around the terrorist attack to implement a regression-discontinuity design. The bombing led to a significant and large drop of about 1.5 points in well-being, on a scale of one to six, for residents of the States close to Boston. The happiness of American women also dropped significantly, by almost a point, regardless of the State of residence. Labor supply and other time use were not significantly affected. We find no well-being effect of the Sandy Hook shootings, suggesting that terrorism is different in nature from other violent deaths.

Note under Judgments Non-reproduced Judgments ; International audience ; Note under Judgments Non-reproduced Judgments ; Note sous jugements Jugements non-reproduits Jurisprudence commentée