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Cryptocurrency market is developing fast during the past few years. Cryptocurrency now is available as a form of payment for retail goods, as an instrument for a wholesale international transaction a mean of exchange for whatever goods and is available through ATM's. Moreover, it is developing as a possibility for fundraising a) as a private debt b) as seed capital. Companies like Facebook are discussing launching own cryptocurrency. Bank UBS is developing its blockchain based virtual currency as well. However, scientist agrees that cryptocurrency has an important impact to national security. It became a relevant instrument for illegal good transactions, a mean of exchange in the darknet and an instrument for money laundering or infrastructure for new kind of money-laundering practices (for example- "Smurfing" phenomena (EU Observer, 2019)) European Union is launching AML and KYC procedures for the cryptocurrency market. Would it be efficient? Why are we implementing KYC and AML procedures for cryptocurrency? Is it able to minimize risks?

In recent years in Canada, direct support provided by governments to the agricultural sector has been decreasing due to international obligations under the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Consequently, governments and the agriculture industry are exploring ways of generating and sustaining farmers' revenue from the marketplace. In Western Canada, there is a renewed interest in the concept of \"post-harvest value adding\" and substantial investment has been made by the federal/provincial governments and the agriculture industry in value-added initiatives in the post-farm-gate sector. A greater part of farm products from western Canada is shipped and marketed as raw, bulky and unprocessed farm commodities. The value of processed food and beverages is low relative to the value of unprocesed farm commodities, reflecting a relatively lower level of value added to primary agricultural products in the prairies compared to Ontario. The annual rate of growth in processed food and beverages in the prairies is less than 5%. From 1988 to 1997, the average annual growth rate of processed food and beverages is calculated as 4.9% for Alberta, 4.4% for Saskatchewan, and 2.9% for Manitoba. Consequently, the potential for increased value-added processing has attracted much attention by both the federal and the prairie governments. In 1996, the Alberta government provided $35 million in seed money towards the establishment of a new, not-for-profit Alberta institution, the Alberta Value Added Corporation (AVAC). This corporation was created to foster research and development into the commercialization of value-added products with a focus on the agriculture and food sector. In 1996, the Saskatchewan government instituted an Agri-Value Program (AVP). The purpose of the program is to encourage the development of agriculture-related, value-added industries in that province. In 1997, Manitoba Agriculture and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada introduced the Agri-Food Research and Development Initiative (ARDI). This initiative was meant to encourage, promote, and conduct innovative research and development projects that contribute to economic development, sustained prosperity, and successful adaptation in the changing agricultural trading environments. Post-harvest value-added activities are part of a continuous, complex economic development process within the food system. Assessing the effectiveness of value-added initiatives in the farm sector requires an understanding of the whole economic process. This includes an understanding of: 1. the growth in effective demand for value-added products and production of agricultural raw materials, 2. the multi-stage system of the food production process, 3. the structure of the food production technology, and 4. the payoffs of value-added investments to enable better policy decisions regarding alternative uses for these public funds.

In recent years in Canada, direct support provided by governments to the agricultural sector has been decreasing due to international obligations under the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Consequently, governments and the agriculture industry are exploring ways of generating and sustaining farmers' revenue from the marketplace. In Western Canada, there is a renewed interest in the concept of \"post-harvest value adding\" and substantial investment has been made by the federal/provincial governments and the agriculture industry in value-added initiatives in the post-farm-gate sector. A greater part of farm products from western Canada is shipped and marketed as raw, bulky and unprocessed farm commodities. The value of processed food and beverages is low relative to the value of unprocesed farm commodities, reflecting a relatively lower level of value added to primary agricultural products in the prairies compared to Ontario. The annual rate of growth in processed food and beverages in the prairies is less than 5%. From 1988 to 1997, the average annual growth rate of processed food and beverages is calculated as 4.9% for Alberta, 4.4% for Saskatchewan, and 2.9% for Manitoba. Consequently, the potential for increased value-added processing has attracted much attention by both the federal and the prairie governments. In 1996, the Alberta government provided $35 million in seed money towards the establishment of a new, not-for-profit Alberta institution, the Alberta Value Added Corporation (AVAC). This corporation was created to foster research and development into the commercialization of value-added products with a focus on the agriculture and food sector. In 1996, the Saskatchewan government instituted an Agri-Value Program (AVP). The purpose of the program is to encourage the development of agriculture-related, value-added industries in that province. In 1997, Manitoba Agriculture and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada introduced the Agri-Food Research and Development Initiative (ARDI). This initiative was meant to encourage, promote, and conduct innovative research and development projects that contribute to economic development, sustained prosperity, and successful adaptation in the changing agricultural trading environments. Post-harvest value-added activities are part of a continuous, complex economic development process within the food system. Assessing the effectiveness of value-added initiatives in the farm sector requires an understanding of the whole economic process. This includes an understanding of: 1. the growth in effective demand for value-added products and production of agricultural raw materials, 2. the multi-stage system of the food production process, 3. the structure of the food production technology, and 4. the payoffs of value-added investments to enable better policy decisions regarding alternative uses for these public funds.

The primary objective of every investor is to see how his money grows. No matter where one decides to plant or invest his money, there is an inevitable process that follows. The important thing is to closely monitor events and record every detail of information. Unless there is a proper system, issues will build and may become difficult to manage. This is the main reason why there are tools which are necessary to use when planting the seeds for investments. These tools are packed into one parcel and referred to as statistics. The term statistics will refer to descriptive and inferential statistics, probability, parametric and non-parametric tests, time series, and business intelligence. This paper will define statistical gears which are normally used by business managers to gather and analyze data for planning and decision-making. It will further highlight how the elements of statistics can build a strong pillar to run a business and alleviate potential challenges through the use of a tool known as the problem solver.

The case of BRI is evidence that, in a deregulated policy environment, the microfinance section of a government-owned bank can (a) be transformed into a highly profitable, self-reliant financial intermediary; and (b) turn into a major microfinance provider, offering carefully crafted microsavings and microcredit products to low-income people at market rates of interest. Making good use of government seed money and the technical assistance portion of a World Bank loan during an initial phase, it has now fully substituted savings deposits for external loans as its source of funds. With a saver outreach to 30 million accounts and a borrower outreach to 3.1 million accounts (Dec. 2003) through a network of 4,185 outlets, BRI covers its costs from the interest rate margin and finances its expansion from its profits; arrears (1 day) stood at 2.2%, the long-term loss ratio (since 1984) at 1.62%, and return on assets at 5.7%. With non-targeted loans ranging from $35 up to $5800, the BRI Microbanking Division has a portfolio of $1.7 billion in loans outstanding and $3.5 billion in savings balances: evidence of a strong demand for deposit services (Dec. 2003). Excess liquidity amounted to $1.85bn. Several lessons can be drawn from BRI's experience: Within a six-year period, 1984-89, the BRI unit system became a model case in Asia of the transformation of an ailing government-owned development bank into a viable and self-sufficient financial intermediary with ever-increasing financial resources and numbers of customers, competing successfully with a wide array of other local financial institutions. Further strength was added to BRI?s microfinance operations during the Asian financial crisis: when the Indonesian banking system collapsed, BRI?s Microbanking Division remained profitable (and probably saved the bank with its loss-making corporate lending), while attracting 1.3 million new savers during the three-month peak period of the crisis. Due to the success of its Microbanking Division, there is no doubt in BRI, which went public around to the turn of 2003/04, what the answer should be to the question, Agricultural Development Banks: Close Them or Reform Them? Yet the immense success of the BRI units in terms of profitability and savings mobilization has generated a new challenge: How to reinvest their profits, on average substantially above $100m annually since the mid-1990s, in the unit system; and how to recycle the excess liquidity, consistently between $1bn and almost $2bn annually over the past ten years, in the village economies instead of siphoning it off into other areas of operation. In the long run, both better services (?taking the bank to the people?) and deeper outreach should pay off for the BRI units. Given their high profitability, there are few, if any, economic constraints to financial innovations geared to financial deepening and poverty outreach.

Abstract

Financing is a critical issue for the survival and development of small and medium‐sized enterprises. Business angels play a key role in financing these enterprises, especially innovative ones with high growth potential. Business angels fill the gap between founders, family, and friends on one side, and institutional venture capital funds on the other side, as a financing source. Business angels invest a large amount of money in seed, start‐up, and early‐stage enterprises.


Business angels are important for small and medium‐sized enterprises because they provide more than money. They are hands‐on investors and contribute their skills, expertise, knowledge, and contacts in the businesses they invest in. They are wealthy persons with great business experience, willing to invest and offer their wealth and knowledge to owners and to entrepreneurs to start or develop their businesses.


Business angels like to remain anonymous, so many ideas cannot be implemented. To address this issue, many countries establish business angel syndicates and networks to facilitate the process of matching entrepreneurs and business angels.


Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

11. Rethinking public ownership as economic democracy -- Introduction -- Reluctant return of public ownership: its aftermath in the capitalist heartland -- Seeds of an alternative: emergent forms of democratic public ownership -- Confronting Hayekian thinking and its limits -- Principles for constructing democratic public ownership -- Constructing economic democracy: learning from actually existing alternatives -- Conclusion -- 12. Turning the tide: a role for social movements -- Distinctiveness and origins -- Radical social movements' aims after 2008 -- Moving on from Occupy: social bases for political action -- Social movements, political parties and the state -- In sum -- Conclusion. A Brexit from neoliberalism? -- Introduction -- Resetting the boundaries between state, market and civil society: a trilateral rebalancing -- 'Lifeworld' values to integrate welfare, environment and democracy -- Policy priorities: 'land, labour and money'. Restoring the commons -- Political and institutional challenges to alternatives -- In sum -- Index.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- Part I. The Movement from the Inside -- 2. The Genesis of Revolt: Six Stories -- 3. Madness, Money, Messiahs: An Analysis of Movement Motives -- 4. "Satan's Kids" and Jacob's Seed: A Sociology of Knowledge -- 5. Identity Christianity Proven -- 6. Christian Constitutionalism and Mormonism -- Part II. The Movement from the Outside -- 7. Sketching the Movement Causes -- 8. The Religious Roots of Radical Patriotism -- 9. Social Networks and Patriot Recruitment -- 10. The Big Picture -- Appendix I: Documents -- Appendix II: Sources of Data on Core Christian Patriots -- Appendix III: Geographic Origins of the Patriots -- Appendix IV: The John Birch Society and the Jewish Question -- Appendix V: The Action Orientation of Identity Christianity -- Appendix VI: Other Conspiracies -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Subject Index -- Name Index.

Frontmatter -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Short Titles Used in Citing Publications and Documents -- Note on Method of Editing -- Introduction -- PAPYRI -- P. Columbia I Verso Ib-Ia: Records of Taxes Owed and Payments of Taxes -- P. Columbia I Verso Ib: List of Taxes Owed by Metropolites (ca. 160 A.D.) -- P. Columbia 1 Verso Ia: Balances of Tax Collections in Money (160 A.D.) -- P. Columbia 1 Verso 2: Seed Loans of Wheat and Barley (ca. 160 A.D.) -- P. Columbia 1 Verso 3: Accounts of Tax Payments and a List of Arrears (155 A.D.) -- P. Columbia 1 Verso 4: Pittakion Register with Tax Payments in Kind (under Marcus Aurelius) -- P. Columbia 1 Verso 5: Abstracts of Leases of Government Properties (175/6 A.D. ?) -- P. Columbia 1 Verso 6: Record of Money Taxes and a Sitologos Account (ca. 160-61 A.D.) -- APPENDICES -- INDICES -- I. Emperors -- II. Officials -- III. Months and Days -- IV. Personal Names -- V. Place Names -- VI. Alexandrian Deme -- VII. Measures and Coins -- VIII. Titles, Conditions, Trades, and Official Terminology -- IX. Taxes and Other Charges -- X. Noteworthy Abbreviations -- XI. General Index of Greek Words -- XII. Select Index of Subjects Discussed -- XIII. Emendations of Passages in the Rectos

George Berkeley is unusual among economists for his practical dedication. While a great many pamphleteers write about acting for the "public good" it is rare to find someone involved in such acts on an everyday basis.Our spinning-school is in a thriving way. The children begin to find a pleasure in being paid in hard money; which I understand they will not give to their parents, but keep to buy clothes for themselves. Indeed I found it difficult and tedious to bring them to this; but I believe it will now do. I am building a workhouse for sturdy vagrants, and design to raise about two acres of hemp for employing them. Can you put me in a way of getting hempseed; or does your Society distribute any? It is hoped your flax-seed will come in time (Fraser 1871, p. 248).

This study explores individual and country-level environmental drivers of informal "seed" investment. We examine four types of informal investors based on business ownership experience (or no such experience) and close family relationship with investee (or no such relationship): "classic love money", "outsider", "kin owner" and "classic business angel" investors. At the environmental level, we are interested in the role of economic development, income tax policies, start-up costs, pro-enter-rise government programmes, availability of debt financing, entrepreneurship edu-cation and culture. Using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data from telephone in-teriews with 257,793 individuals in 31 countries, including 5,960 informal investors, we report drivers for the four types of seed investment. Descriptive statistics are consistent with prior research: informal investors are likely to be older males who work full-time, earn high incomes, perceive start-up opportunities in the environ-ment, and believe that they have the skills to start their own businesses. At the environmental level, we find that countries with higher percentages of informal investors are significantly likely to have higher levels of economic development, higher business start-up costs, higher levels of entrepreneurship education, lower income taxes and lower power distance. Other environmental effects on the four populations of informal investors are reported and discussed, as well as implica-tions for practice, policy and future research.

This open access book presents an alternative to capitalism and state socialism through the modelling of a post-market and post-state utopia based on an upscaling of the commons, feminist political economy and democratic and council-based planning approaches. It discusses the left's need to explore non-capitalist modes of production, the inability of green or socialist market economies to produce real social and ecological change, and the need to look beyond traditional ideas of reform and revolution. The book discusses how a socio-economic organisation beyond money, wage labour, patriarchal division of work and centralised state planning may look like. It develops an approach to societal transformation based on seed forms of commons practices and social movements. This book will be relevant to activists, students and researchers interested in fundamental social change, political economy and feminist and Marxist economics. This is an open access book.

Sown among thorns -- The visitor -- What is hidden -- Shadow of death -- Hate is grown -- The blood of life -- Love one another -- God forgives you, and I forgive you -- Not so fast -- A new breed: the lone wolf -- The power to forgive -- You have to pick a side -- A restless peace -- The world has come -- The loud silence of death -- Kindness of strangers -- "I want my Bible" -- Money in the temple -- Prepare a table for me -- A view from the front row -- Depths of the valley -- Be quick to listen -- Competing grief -- Appalling silence of the good people -- One year later -- Business as usual -- Saved your soul -- A tale of two trials -- Before a cloud of witnesses -- A cold and hateful heart -- The confession of sins -- A seed cast onto rocky soil -- Magic decoder ring -- Twelve friends -- Nine beautiful lives.

In portfolio. ; 1. Netherlands East India, geographical and ethnological -- 2. The system of government and legislation, and the administration of justice -- 3. The civil medical service -- 4. Credit facilities for the natives -- 5. Some facts about the public finances -- 6. Education -- 7. Agricultural and technical education -- 8. Scientific information -- 9. Posts, telegraphs and telephones -- 10. Transport and shipping facilities -- 11. Architecture -- 12. Irrigation -- 13. Forest service -- 14. Money and banking system -- 15. Minerals -- 16. Agriculture -- 17. Commerce -- 18. Labor conditions and recruiting of labor -- 19. Java tea -- 20. Some facts about Java coffee -- 21. The Java cane sugar industry -- 22. Some facts about tobacco -- 23. Fibres -- 24. Cinchona -- 25. Products of the cassava -- 26. Hat industry -- 27. Spices -- 28. Rubber -- 29. Petroleum -- 30. Essential oils -- 31. Damar and copal -- 32. Tanning materials -- 33. Oils and oil-containing seeds. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Acknowledgements -- Preface: That Was a Year, That Was -- Notes -- 1 The Best of Enemies -- From then till (almost) now -- The Europe issue in British politics -- What the people thought -- It's all in the timing -- Hold on to your buns -- Notes -- 2 Broken Politics -- Consensus politics -- Anti-politics -- Detachment and disinterest -- Dysfunctional politics -- The populist alternative -- The bottom line -- Notes -- 3 The Referendum -- Dave's deal -- The campaign -- Money, migrants and control -- Facts, farce and fiction -- Beyond party politics? -- A change is gonna come -- Notes -- 4 Voting to Leave -- Euroscepticism and values -- So what of the campaign? -- And the parties? -- The social fabric of Brexit -- The seeds of change -- The electorate's revenge -- Notes -- 5 The Shaping of Things to Come -- The Aftermath -- Fear no more? -- A new politics -- The not so merry month for May -- Three's a crowd -- The Brexit effect -- Peering ahead -- What if … ? -- Notes -- Afterword: All Change – Brexit and British Politics -- Notes -- Index