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The CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA) organized over 10 days from 14 to 25 September 2020 its decadal conference. The fully digital event titled Forest, trees and agroforestry science for transformational change gathered more than 500 scientists from the programme and its working partners, from 69 countries across the globe, with more than 100 presentations and 40 posters. The conference also featured a set of science – policy – implementation panel discussions, including around controversial issues, with high profile scientists and key stakeholders, as well as a series of keynote speeches. The present publication gathers the 179 abstracts accepted for the conference. It constitutes a vivid illustration of the research developed by the program and its collaborative partners worldwide. All the material and presentations over the course of the 10-day conference is freely accessible on the FTA website: https://www.foreststreesagroforestry.org/ fta-2020-science-conference-forests-trees-and-agroforestryscience- for- transformational-change/

obAllomeTree is an international platform for tree allometric equations. It is the first worldwide web platform designed to facilitate the access of the tree allometric equation and to facilitate the assessment of the tree biometric characteristics for commercial volume, bio-energy or carbon cycling. The webplatform presents a database containing tree allometric equations, a software called Fantallomatrik, to facilitate the comparison and selection of the equations, and documentation to facilitate the development of new tree allometric models, improve the evaluation of tree and forest resources and improve knowledge on tree allometric equations. In the Fantallometrik software, equations can be selected by country, ecological zones, input parameters, tree species, statistic parameters and outputs. The continuously updated database currently contains over 5000 tree allometric equations classified according to 73 fields. The software Fantallometrik can be also used to compare equations, insert new data and estimate the selected output variables using field inventory. The GlobAllomeTree products are freely available at the URL: ? http://globallometree.org for a range of users including foresters, project developers, scientist, student and government staff.

[Motivation] Trait variation within species can reveal plastic and/or genetic responses to environmental gradients, and may indicate where local adaptation has occurred. Here, we present a dataset of rangewide variation in leaf traits from seven of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe. Sample collection and trait assessment are embedded in the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims at characterizing the genetic and phenotypic variability of forest tree species to optimize the management and sustainable use of forest genetic resources. Our dataset captures substantial intra- and interspecific leaf phenotypic variability, and provides valuable information for studying the relationship between ecosystem functioning and trait variability of individuals, and the response and resilience of species to environmental changes. ; [Main types of variable contained] We chose morphological and chemical characters linked to trade-offs between acquisition and conservation of resources and water use, namely specific leaf area, leaf size, carbon and nitrogen content and their ratio, and the isotopic signature of stable isotope 13C and 15N in leaves. ; [Spatial location and grain] We surveyed between 18 and 22 populations per species, 141 in total, across Europe. ; [Time period] Leaf sampling took place between 2016 and 2017. ; [Major taxa and level of measurement] We sampled at least 25 individuals in each population, 3,569 trees in total, and measured traits in 35,755 leaves from seven European tree species, i.e. the conifers Picea abies, Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris, and the broadleaves Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Populus nigra and Quercus petraea. ; [Software format] The data files are in ASCII text, tab delimited, not compressed. ; All authors acknowledge support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 676876 (Project GenTree). Laboratory work was also supported by other projects: COMEDIAS (CGL2017- 83170-R, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities), REMEDINAL IV (TE-CM S2018/EMT-4338, Project of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain), SPONFOREST (BIODIVERSA-3, PCIN-2016-055), and International Laboratory of Global Change (LINCGlobal 4540-143AP). The Swiss contribution was supported by the Swiss Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract no. 6.0032. BC was funded by a Scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Brazil). ; Peer reviewed

Key message. Elevation markedly modified the species-specific phenotypic responses of trees to light. The effects from elevation mostly occurred at organ level (SLA) for the montane species, but at whole-plant level (allocation traits) for the subalpine ones. The subalpine species allocate more carbon to roots under closed canopies at low elevation. Contrary to expectations, most species displayed smaller specific leaf area at high elevation. The most drought-intolerant species was more severely affected by drought under shade than in open microsites. Context. Understanding the phenotypic responses of mountain tree species to different levels of local irradiance can be of critical importance for elucidating their capacity to relocate above their current distributional limit in response to environmental changes. Aims. To evaluate whether the response of different co-occurring forest tree species to local irradiance varies when they are growing at various elevations or beyond their current distributional limit. Methods. Seedlings of four tree species (Betula pendula Roth., Pinus sylvestris L., Abies alba Mill., and Pinus uncinata Ram. ex DC.) were planted under different irradiance levels (forest understory vs natural gaps) and at various elevation (montane–subalpine ecotone and subalpine belt). After four growing seasons, 48 plants per species were excavated to assess allocational (biomass distribution) and morphological (specific leaf area) traits. Midday leaf water potential was recorded during a period of intense drought. Results. The subalpine species (A. alba and P. uncinata) increased their allocation to the root system at low elevation and under dense canopy. We observed constant or higher SLA in all species when they develop in the subalpine belt. B. pendula was affected more severely by drought at low elevations and under shade than in open microsites. Conclusion. We found marked species-specific phenotypic variability of tree seedlings to increasing irradiance, with these responses modulated by the elevation at which the trees were growing. ; This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) via the projects AGL2012-40039-C02-01 and AGL2015-70425-R. AA was supported by Spanish Government through the "Juan de la Cierva" fellowship program (IJCI-2016-30049). This research is a contribution to the CERCA Programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya.

This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this record ; The response of small understory trees to long-term drought is vital in determining the future composition, carbon stocks and dynamics of tropical forests. Long-term drought is, however, also likely to expose understory trees to increased light availability driven by drought-induced mortality. Relatively little is known about the potential for understory trees to adjust their physiology to both decreasing water and increasing light availability. We analysed data on maximum photosynthetic capacity (Jmax , Vcmax ), leaf respiration (Rleaf ), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from 66 small trees across 12 common genera at the world's longest running tropical rainfall exclusion experiment and compared responses to those from 61 surviving canopy trees. Small trees increased Jmax , Vcmax , Rleaf and LMA (71%, 29%, 32%, 15% respectively) in response to the drought treatment, but leaf thickness and leaf nutrient concentrations did not change. Small trees were significantly more responsive than large canopy trees to the drought treatment, suggesting greater phenotypic plasticity and resilience to prolonged drought, although differences among taxa were observed. Our results highlight that small tropical trees have greater capacity to respond to ecosystem level changes and have the potential to regenerate resilient forests following future droughts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. ; Australian Research Council (ARC) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ; European Union FP7‐Amazalert ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Microsoft ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) ; Royal Society of Biology

North region in Hoang Su Phi district, a largest forest land area including 5 communes received a great attention of Vietnam's and local government. In this region, natural forests consist of a number of different forest types in which most of them are young forests and regenerated forests with some main species such as Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth., Alnus nepalensis D. Don, Betula alnoides Buch. - Ham., Toona surelii (Blume) Merr. Despite of the fact that these forest areas had a low volume, they still have a great potential to develop much better such as having a good regeneration tree layer, a larger of proportion of target trees and a high percentage of regenerated trees at a good quality level. Moreover, the group of non-timber trees, a rich species diversity group, has 289 species of 4 main life-forms. In study area, the largest plantation area consist of 3 species (Pinus Kesiya, Acacia mangium and Cunminghamia lanceolata) that adapted to site condition and found to have a normal growth. Based on evaluation criteria for afforestation purpose, this study selected 10 species for protection forests and 19 species for plantation production purposes. However, when combined with the results of forest investigation and ecological conditions in research region, the number of selected forest tree species were proposed 15 timber tree species and 8 non-timber species for planting in this area.

North region in Hoang Su Phi district, a largest forest land area including 5 communes received a great attention of Vietnam's and local government. In this region, natural forests consist of a number of different forest types in which most of them are young forests and regenerated forests with some main species such as Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth., Alnus nepalensis D. Don, Betula alnoides Buch. - Ham., Toona surelii (Blume) Merr. Despite of the fact that these forest areas had a low volume, they still have a great potential to develop much better such as having a good regeneration tree layer, a larger of proportion of target trees and a high percentage of regenerated trees at a good quality level. Moreover, the group of non-timber trees, a rich species diversity group, has 289 species of 4 main life-forms. In study area, the largest plantation area consist of 3 species (Pinus Kesiya, Acacia mangium and Cunminghamia lanceolata) that adapted to site condition and found to have a normal growth. Based on evaluation criteria for afforestation purpose, this study selected 10 species for protection forests and 19 species for plantation production purposes. However, when combined with the results of forest investigation and ecological conditions in research region, the number of selected forest tree species were proposed 15 timber tree species and 8 non-timber species for planting in this area.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V3201403478

Trees outside forests are difficult to define and often seen as troublesome in areas were major crops are grown. They are nonetheless visible everywhere in French landscapes, to the extent that they do not always get the attention they deserve. The diversity of tree structures can however supply a range of economically viable resources. Furthermore, these tree elements are gaining more and more recognition for their environmental services. Non-forest trees are also important social and cultural markers and an asset that could be developedto improve agricultural production. Tree landscapes of this type are often publicized so as to enhance the attractiveness of local products but have yet to be properly considered by the public authorities in respect of spatial planning. Effective local policies designed to protect non-forest trees suffer from lack of legal recognition and status for these "rural trees ; Difficile à définir, souvent perçu comme gênant dans les zones de grande culture, l'arbre hors forêt n'en est pas moins un élément omniprésent dans les paysages français. Tellement présent que l'on ne lui accorde pas toujours la place qu'il mérite. La diversité des structures arborées peut fournir cependant de nombreuses ressources en termes économiques. En outre, ces structures sont de plus en plus reconnues pour leurs fonctions écologiques. L'arbre hors forêt constitue également un important marqueur socio-culturel et un atout à développer pour l'amélioration des productions agricoles. Les paysages d'arbres hors forêt (AHF), souvent mis en avant pour valoriser des produits de terroir, sont pourtant encore insuffisamment pris en compte par les pouvoirs p ublics en termes d'aménagement du territoire, et le volontarisme des politiques locales de préserver les arbres hors forêt est confronté au manque de reconnaissance juridique et de statut de ces « arbres champêtres ».

Trees outside forests are difficult to define and often seen as troublesome in areas were major crops are grown. They are nonetheless visible everywhere in French landscapes, to the extent that they do not always get the attention they deserve. The diversity of tree structures can however supply a range of economically viable resources. Furthermore, these tree elements are gaining more and more recognition for their environmental services. Non-forest trees are also important social and cultural markers and an asset that could be developedto improve agricultural production. Tree landscapes of this type are often publicized so as to enhance the attractiveness of local products but have yet to be properly considered by the public authorities in respect of spatial planning. Effective local policies designed to protect non-forest trees suffer from lack of legal recognition and status for these "rural trees ; Difficile à définir, souvent perçu comme gênant dans les zones de grande culture, l'arbre hors forêt n'en est pas moins un élément omniprésent dans les paysages français. Tellement présent que l'on ne lui accorde pas toujours la place qu'il mérite. La diversité des structures arborées peut fournir cependant de nombreuses ressources en termes économiques. En outre, ces structures sont de plus en plus reconnues pour leurs fonctions écologiques. L'arbre hors forêt constitue également un important marqueur socio-culturel et un atout à développer pour l'amélioration des productions agricoles. Les paysages d'arbres hors forêt (AHF), souvent mis en avant pour valoriser des produits de terroir, sont pourtant encore insuffisamment pris en compte par les pouvoirs p ublics en termes d'aménagement du territoire, et le volontarisme des politiques locales de préserver les arbres hors forêt est confronté au manque de reconnaissance juridique et de statut de ces « arbres champêtres ».