РЕНТА И БАЗОВЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ ЕЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА
Считается, что фактор приносит ренту, если он оплачивается на уровне большем, чем это необходимо для обеспечения предложения услуг этого фактора. Автор исследует теоретическую проблему подмены классического понимания источников производства ренты конъюнктурной трактовкой так называемых рентных (или рентообразующих) ресурсов. В виде ренты в краткосрочном периоде производится и присваивается для дальнейшего непроизводительного потребления собственниками и пользователями факторов производства не только чистый продукт, сверхприбыль, в связи с чем предлагается концепция базовых условий производства ренты: уровни возмещения основного и человеческого капитала, а также уровень стоимости капитала. ; In classical, neoclassical and political economics, modern western literature, it is accepted to interlink production and rent acquisition with the phenomenon of production factor. It is assumed that a factor brings rent in case it is reimbursed at a higher level than it is required in order to provide offer of services of this factor. Despite various approaches in the development of some aspects of rent theory, basically all researchers of the economic category rent note the general source of its forming regardless its type excess profit (marginal product, surplus product), gained as a result of operation activity (basing on the right of ownership and/or right of economic management), limited and diverse in terms of quality resources. The objective base for excess profit here is the difference between market price and costs plus normal profit suffice for provision of reproductive process and detention of capital in that particular sector of economy. At the modern stage the problems of regulation of production processes and rent acquisition with defining of possible approaches towards elaboration and realization of rental policy of the state in the RF become very obvious. This theoretical challenge in its turn is predetermined by another one, which is more fundamental, the challenge of substitution of classical understanding of rental factors by the opportunistic treatment of the so-called rental resources. Rental resources are interlinked with specifics of one or another type of rent, with the effect of secondary factors at the stage of exchange in the reproductive process but not with the reason of rent forming at the stage of its production. In the modern Russian economy serious deformation of processes within the frames of the political economic contour rent production rent acquisition has taken place concerning the time factor and economic nature. It is known that rent is created by factors in production and is a consequence of production conditions. The way of acquisition depends on forms of ownership to factors and other legal forms. In a short-term period in the form of rent not only net product or share of add value is produced and acquired for further non-productive consumption by owners and users of production factors. For more than 20 years of market transformations chronic and large-scale absence of refunding and widened reproduction of factors capital stock and human capital, has been taking place within the environment of the existing system of pricing (liberal and leading many positions to the level of higher than the world process) in Russian monopolistic and oligopolistic economy. In this regard we suggest as fundamental conditions of rent production the following: levels of refunding of capital stock and human capital, as well as the level of capital cost.
