Suchergebnisse

Foundations -- Welcome to decatur -- Trend projection method -- Share projection methods -- Cohort-component methods -- Economic analysis methods -- Spatial analysis methods -- Land suitability analysis methods -- Using planning support methods -- Appendix A: U.S. census geography -- Appendix B: American community survey -- Appendix C: U.S. data sources -- Glossary -- References -- Index

BackgroundWe set out to estimate historical trends in HIV incidence in Australian men who have sex with men with respect to age at infection and birth cohort.MethodsA modified back‐projection technique is applied to data from the HIV/AIDS Surveillance System in Australia, including "newly diagnosed HIV infections", "newly acquired HIV infections" and "AIDS diagnoses", to estimate trends in HIV incidence over both calendar time and age at infection.ResultsOur results demonstrate that since 2000, there has been an increase in new HIV infections in Australian men who have sex with men across all age groups. The estimated mean age at infection increased from ~35 years in 2000 to ~37 years in 2007. When the epidemic peaked in the mid 1980s, the majority of the infections (56%) occurred among men aged 30 years and younger; 30% occurred in ages 31 to 40 years; and only ~14% of them were attributed to the group who were older than 40 years of age. In 2007, the proportion of infections occurring in persons 40 years or older doubled to 31% compared to the mid 1980s, while the proportion of infections attributed to the group younger than 30 years of age decreased to 36%.ConclusionThe distribution of HIV incidence for birth cohorts by infection year suggests that the HIV epidemic continues to affect older homosexual men as much as, if not more than, younger men. The results are useful for evaluating the impact of the epidemic across successive birth cohorts and study trends among the age groups most at risk.

Trabajo presentado al 20th IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) World Congress, celebrado en Toulouse (Francia) del 9 al 14 de julio de 2017. ; A distributed set-membership approach is proposed for the state estimation of large-scale systems. The uncertain system states are bounded in a sequence of the distributed set-membership estimators considering unknown-but-bounded system disturbances and measurement noise. In the framework of the set-membership approach, the measurement consistency test is implemented by finding parameterized intersection zonotopes. The size of the intersection zonotope is minimized by solving an optimization problem including a sequence of linear/bilinear matrix inequalities based on the weighted 2-norm criterion of the generator matrix. Meanwhile, for the distributed set-membership estimators, the partial projection method is considered to correct the estimation of the neighbor state. On the other hand, an on-line method is also provided. Finally, the proposed distributed set-membership approach is verified in a case study based on a urban drainage network. ; This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Government and FEDER through the projects CICYT ECOCIS (ref. DPI2013-48243), CICYT HARCRICS (ref. DPI2014-58104-R) and CICYT DEOCS (ref. DPI2016-76493). ; Peer Reviewed

This paper deals with testing a numerical solution for the discrete classical optimal control problem governed by a linear hyperbolic boundary value problem with variable coefficients. When the discrete classical control is fixed, the proof of the existence and uniqueness theorem for the discrete solution of the discrete weak form is achieved. The existence theorem for the discrete classical optimal control and the necessary conditions for optimality of the problem are proved under suitable assumptions. The discrete classical optimal control problem (DCOCP) is solved by using the mixed Galerkin finite element method to find the solution of the discrete weak form (discrete state). Also, it is used to find the solution for the discrete adjoint weak form (discrete adjoint) with the Gradient Projection method (GPM) , the Gradient method (GM), or the Frank Wolfe method (FWM) to the DCOCP. Within each of these three methods, the Armijo step option (ARSO) or the optimal step option (OPSO) is used to improve (to accelerate the step) the solution of the discrete classical control problem. Finally, some illustrative numerical examples for the considered discrete control problem are provided. The results show that the GPM with ARSO method is better than GM or FWM with ARSO methods. On the other hand, the results show that the GPM and GM with OPSO methods are better than the FWM with the OPSO method.

Résumé Van Imhoff (Evert), Post (Wendy). - Méthodes de micro-simulation pour des projections de population La micro-simulation se distingue de la macro-simulation traditionnelle, en utilisant un échantillon plutôt que la population totale, en travaillant au niveau de données individuelles plutôt que de données agrégées, et en se basant sur des expériences aléatoires répétées plutôt que sur des nombres moyens. Nous présentons ici les circonstances sous lesquelles la micro-simulation peut être plus intéressante que des méthodes plus conventionnelles. Elle est particulièrement appropriée si les résultats du processus étudié sont complexes, tandis que les forces qui lui sont sous-jacentes sont simples. Un problème difficile en micro-simulation vient de ce que les projections sont sujettes à des variations aléatoires. Diverses sources d'aléas sont présentées, mais la plus importante est ce que nous appelons l'aléa de spécification : plus on introduit de variables explicatives dans le modèle, plus le degré d'aléa, auquel les sorties du modèle sont sujettes sera important. Après une revue rapide des modèles de micro-simulation qui existent en démographie, plusieurs des caractéristiques essentielles de la micro-simulation sont illustrées avec le modèle KINSIM, pour projeter la taille et la structure des réseaux de parenté futurs.

Map projections are mathematical methods for projecting spherical coordinates in the form of (φ, λ) to the map coordinates in the form of (X,Y) in Cartesian reference frame. Numerous methods for map projection have been derived and are being used for preparation of cartographic products. These map projections take into account specific position of the viewer on the datum surface for derivation of the map projections. A generic method for azimuthal map projection where the position of the viewer can be taken at an arbitrary point on the datum surface is derived. Using this generic method all the specific azimuthal map projections can be derived.

The ability to generate tight eigenenergy bounds for low dimension bosonic or ferminonic, hermitian or non-hermitian, Schrödinger operator problems is an important objective in the computation of quantum systems. Very few methods can simultaneously generate lower and upper bounds. One of these is the Eigenvalue Moment Method (EMM) originally introduced by Handy and Besssis, exploiting the use of semidefinite programming/nonlinear-convex optimization (SDP) techniques as applied to the positivity properties of the multidimensional bosonic ground state for a large class of important physical systems (i.e. those admitting a moments' representation). A recent breakthrough has been achieved through another, simpler, moment representation based quantization formalism, the Orthonormal Polynomial Projection Quantization Bounding Method (OPPQ-BM). It is purely algebraic and does not require any SDP analysis. We discuss its essential structure in the context of several one dimensional examples.